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Honório da Silva JV, Erthal RP, Vercellone IC, Santos DPD, Ferraz CR, de Matos RLN, Gonçalves LED, Bracarense APFRL, Verri WA, Câmara NOS, de Andrade FG, Fernandes GSA. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate-exposition in male rats during the peripubertal period impairs inflammatory mechanisms, antioxidant activity, and apoptosis process in kidneys of male pubertal rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23781. [PMID: 39051179 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) is a prodrug of dextroamphetamine, which has been widely recommended for the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). There are still no data in the literature relating the possible toxic effects of LDX in the kidney. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of LDX exposure on morphological, oxidative stress, cell death and inflammation parameters in the kidneys of male pubertal Wistar rats, since the kidneys are organs related to the excretion of most drugs. For this, twenty male Wistar rats were distributed randomly into two experimental groups: LDX group-received 11,3 mg/kg/day of LDX; and Control group-received tap water. Animals were treated by gavage from postnatal day (PND) 25 to 65. At PND 66, plasma was collected to the biochemical dosage, and the kidneys were collected for determinations of the inflammatory profile, oxidative status, cell death, and for histochemical, and morphometric analyses. Our results show that there was an increase in the number of cells marked for cell death, and a reduction of proximal and distal convoluted tubules mean diameter in the group that received LDX. In addition, our results also showed an increase in MPO and NAG activity, indicating an inflammatory response. The oxidative status showed that the antioxidant system is working undisrupted and avoiding oxidative stress. Therefore, LDX-exposition in male rats during the peripubertal period causes renal changes in pubertal age involving inflammatory mechanisms, antioxidant activity and apoptosis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vinícius Honório da Silva
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Pires Erthal
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Isadora Chagas Vercellone
- Department of Histology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Dayane Priscila Dos Santos
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Camila Rodrigues Ferraz
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Waldiceu Aparecido Verri
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Goulart de Andrade
- Department of Histology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
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Raoofi A, Delbari A, Mahdian D, Mojadadi MS, Amini A, Javadinia SS, Dadashizadeh G, Ahrabi B, Ebrahimi V, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Toxicology of long-term and high-dose administration of methylphenidate on the kidney tissue - a histopathology and molecular study. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 30:611-619. [PMID: 32746681 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1805665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to assess the influences of oral methylphenidate on kidney function and structure versus vehicle treatment in adult male rats. In this study, thirty adult male rats equally into two treatment groups divided randomly, and among them, MPH has been administered for 21 days, at doses of 20 mg/kg, and the control group has received salin. In renal, under the effect of MPH applying quantitative real-time PCR, we analyzed nephrotoxicity-related molecular pathways like autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis. Moreover, the levels of GSH, CAT, and SOD were investigated as antioxidant enzymes. Afterward, stereological analysis in MPH-treated rats has been performed. Analysis of qPCR displayed inflammation, impaired autophagy, and enhanced apoptosis with histological changes in the kidney's tissue, also an important rise in the antioxidant enzymes' level. Besides, 20 mg/kg of MPH led to a decline in the mean of Bowman's space thickness and renal corpuscle's volume in comparison to the control rats. Collectively, our histological and molecular data implicit that in the kidney region, administrating of MPH evoked discriminative expression alterations in nephrotoxicity-associated signaling cascades, specifically autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis paired with important damage to kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Raoofi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Ali Delbari
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Davood Mahdian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Shafi Mojadadi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Immunology, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Abdollah Amini
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Sadat Javadinia
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Dadashizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Behnaz Ahrabi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Ebrahimi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Sepehrian A, Shakeri N, Abednatanzi H, Soheili S. The Effect of Methylphenidate and Aerobic Exercise on Renal Function of Male Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BASIC SCIENCE IN MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ijbsm.2019.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Inadequate awareness and knowledge exists regarding the effects of stimulant drugs on renal health among athletes. The present study aimed to determine the effects of methylphenidate, as a stimulant drug, and aerobic exercise on renal function in rats. Materials and Methods: Eighty male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=10 per group) including control (Co), aerobic exercise sham (AE Sh), drug sham (D Sh), aerobic exercise (AE), the effective dose of drug (ED, 10 mg/kg), 3 times of effective dose (TED, 30 mg/kg), aerobic exercise-effective dose (AE-ED), and aerobic exercise-three times of effective dose (AE-TED). The drug was orally administrated to the animals, and then they were placed on a rat treadmill after 30 minutes. The physical activity (25 m/min) was performed 30 minutes a day, 3 days a week for two months. Twenty-four hours after the last session of AE, blood samples were taken from the rats and serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were determined. Results: The results showed that serum Cr and BUN levels were not significantly different in the exercise group compared to the control groups (i.e., Co, AE Sham, and D Sham). However, serum BUN and Cr significantly increased in the AE-ED and AE-TED groups compared to the AE group (PCr=0.001 and PBUN=0.001). Conclusion: In general, significant increases in the serum BUN and Cr levels in rats received methylphenidate indicated decreased renal function in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sepehrian
- Ph.D. Student of Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Shakeri
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Abednatanzi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Soheili
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Chierrito D, Villas-Boas CB, Tonin FS, Fernandez-Llimos F, Sanches AC, de Mello JC. Using Cell Cultures for the Investigation of Treatments for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:916-925. [PMID: 31079591 PMCID: PMC7052832 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190409143155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in basic and molecular biology have promoted the use of cell cultures in a wide range of areas, including the evaluation of drug efficacy, safety and toxicity. OBJECTIVE This article aims to provide a general overview of the methodological parameters of cell cultures used to investigate therapeutic options for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. METHOD A systematic search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and DOAJ. In vitro experimental studies using cell cultures were included. RESULTS A total of 328 studies were initially identified, with 16 included for qualitative synthesis. Seven studies used neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and PC12 cell line) and nine used nonneuronal cells. All the studies described the culture conditions, but most studies were inconsistent with regard to reporting results and raw data. Only one-third of the studies performed cell viability assays, while a further 30% conducted gene expression analysis. Other additional tests included electrophysiological evaluation and transporter activity. More than 50% of the studies evaluated the effects of drugs such as methylphenidate and atomoxetine, while plant extracts were assessed in four studies and polyunsaturated fatty acids in one. CONCLUSION We suggested a flowchart to guide the planning and execution of studies, and a checklist to be completed by authors to allow the standardized reporting of results. This may guide the elaboration of laboratory protocols and further in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - João C.P. de Mello
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil; Tel/Fax: +55 44 30114627; E-mail:
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Methylphenidate clinically oral doses improved brain and heart glutathione redox status and evoked renal and cardiac tissue injury in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:551-563. [PMID: 29482048 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is a first-line stimulant drug to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Overdiagnosis of ADHD and MPH abuse lead to serious concerns about the possible long-term adverse consequences of MPH in healthy children and adolescents. We aimed to evaluate MPH effects in adolescent male Wistar rats (postnatal day 40) using an oral dose scheme (2 daily MPH doses 5 mg/kg in a 5% sucrose solution, 5 h apart, for 7 days) that mimics the therapeutic doses given to human adolescents. Twenty-four hours after the last MPH administration, rats were sacrificed and brain areas [cerebellum, prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and striatum], peripheral organs (liver, heart, and kidneys), and blood were collected for biochemical and histological analysis. MPH treatment did not alter rats' body temperature or weight, neither food or water intake throughout the experiment. The ratio of reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) significantly increased in the PFC and hippocampus of MPH-treated rats, meanwhile protein carbonylation remained unchanged in the brain. In the heart, the GSH/GSSG ratio and GSH levels were significantly increased, with decreased GSSG, while histology revealed significant damage, namely interstitial edema, vascular congestion, and presence of a fibrin-like material in the interstitial space. In the kidneys, MPH treatment resulted in extensive necrotic areas with cellular disorganization and cell infiltration, and immunohistochemistry analysis revealed a marked activation of nuclear factor-ĸB. This study showed that clinically relevant oral MPH doses improve the GSH redox status in the brain and heart, but evoke heart and kidney tissue damage to adolescent rats.
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Motaghinejad M, Motevalian M, Fatima S. Mediatory role of NMDA, AMPA/kainate, GABA A and Alpha 2 receptors in topiramate neuroprotective effects against methylphenidate induced neurotoxicity in rat. Life Sci 2017; 179:37-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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