1
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Ago Y, Rintz E, Musini KS, Ma Z, Tomatsu S. Molecular Mechanisms in Pathophysiology of Mucopolysaccharidosis and Prospects for Innovative Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1113. [PMID: 38256186 PMCID: PMC10816168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of inborn errors of the metabolism caused by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzymes required to break down molecules called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). These GAGs accumulate over time in various tissues and disrupt multiple biological systems, including catabolism of other substances, autophagy, and mitochondrial function. These pathological changes ultimately increase oxidative stress and activate innate immunity and inflammation. We have described the pathophysiology of MPS and activated inflammation in this paper, starting with accumulating the primary storage materials, GAGs. At the initial stage of GAG accumulation, affected tissues/cells are reversibly affected but progress irreversibly to: (1) disruption of substrate degradation with pathogenic changes in lysosomal function, (2) cellular dysfunction, secondary/tertiary accumulation (toxins such as GM2 or GM3 ganglioside, etc.), and inflammatory process, and (3) progressive tissue/organ damage and cell death (e.g., skeletal dysplasia, CNS impairment, etc.). For current and future treatment, several potential treatments for MPS that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and bone have been proposed and/or are in clinical trials, including targeting peptides and molecular Trojan horses such as monoclonal antibodies attached to enzymes via receptor-mediated transport. Gene therapy trials with AAV, ex vivo LV, and Sleeping Beauty transposon system for MPS are proposed and/or underway as innovative therapeutic options. In addition, possible immunomodulatory reagents that can suppress MPS symptoms have been summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Ago
- Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Rd., Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (Y.A.); (K.S.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Estera Rintz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Krishna Sai Musini
- Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Rd., Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (Y.A.); (K.S.M.); (Z.M.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Zhengyu Ma
- Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Rd., Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (Y.A.); (K.S.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Nemours Children’s Health, 1600 Rockland Rd., Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (Y.A.); (K.S.M.); (Z.M.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1112, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA
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2
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Tavares AMV, Gonzalez EA, Viana IS, Visioli F, Vera LNP, Baldo G. Characterization of heart disease in mucopolysaccharidosis type II mice. Cardiovasc Pathol 2023; 67:107575. [PMID: 37730078 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2023.107575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPSII) is a progressive lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the IDS gene, that leads to iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS) enzyme deficiency. The enzyme catalyzes the first step of degradation of two glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). The consequences of MPSII are progressively harmful and can lead to death by cardiac failure. The aim of this study was to characterize the cardiovascular disease in MPSII mice. Thus, we evaluated the cardiovascular function of MPSII male mice at 6, 8, and 10 months of age, through functional, histological, and biochemical analyzes. Echocardiographic analyses showed a progressive loss in cardiac function, observed through parameters such as reduction in ejection fraction (46% in control versus 28% in MPS II at 10 months, P < .01) and fractional area change (31% versus 23%, P < .05). Similar results were found in parameters of vascular competence, obtained by echo Doppler. Both aortic dilatation and an increase in pulmonary resistance were observed at all time points in MPSII mice. The histological analyses showed an increase in the thickness of the heart valves (2-fold thicker than control values at 10 months). Biochemical analyzes confirmed GAG storage in these tissues, with a massive elevation of DS in the myocardium. Furthermore, an important increase in the activity of proteases such as cathepsin S and B (up to 5-fold control values) was found and could be related to the progressive loss of cardiac function observed in MPSII mice. In this work, we demonstrated that loss of cardiac function in MPSII mice started at 6 months of age, although its global cardiac capacity was still preserved at this time. Disease progressed at later time points leading to heart failure. The MPSII mice at later times reproduce many of the cardiovascular events found in patients with Hunter's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Vicente Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, CEP: 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Esteban Alberto Gonzalez
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-903, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular - UFRGS Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, CEP 91501970, RS, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Souza Viana
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-903, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-903, RS, Brazil
| | - Luisa Natalia Pimentel Vera
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-903, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular - UFRGS Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, CEP 91501970, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, CEP: 90035-003, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa Experimental- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-903, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular - UFRGS Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, CEP 91501970, RS, Brazil.
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3
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Yoon M, Phan V, Podvin S, Mosier C, O’Donoghue AJ, Hook V. Distinct Cleavage Properties of Cathepsin B Compared to Cysteine Cathepsins Enable the Design and Validation of a Specific Substrate for Cathepsin B over a Broad pH Range. Biochemistry 2023; 62:2289-2300. [PMID: 37459182 PMCID: PMC10399199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The biological and pathological functions of cathepsin B occur in acidic lysosomes and at the neutral pH of cytosol, nuclei, and extracellular locations. Importantly, cathepsin B displays different substrate cleavage properties at acidic pH compared to neutral pH conditions. It is, therefore, desirable to develop specific substrates for cathepsin B that measure its activity over broad pH ranges. Current substrates used to monitor cathepsin B activity consist of Z-Phe-Arg-AMC and Z-Arg-Arg-AMC, but they lack specificity since they are cleaved by other cysteine cathepsins. Furthermore, Z-Arg-Arg-AMC monitors cathepsin B activity at neutral pH and displays minimal activity at acidic pH. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design and validate specific fluorogenic peptide substrates that can monitor cathepsin B activity over a broad pH range from acidic to neutral pH conditions. In-depth cleavage properties of cathepsin B were compared to those of the cysteine cathepsins K, L, S, V, and X via multiplex substrate profiling by mass spectrometry at pH 4.6 and pH 7.2. Analysis of the cleavage preferences predicted the tripeptide Z-Nle-Lys-Arg-AMC as a preferred substrate for cathepsin B. Significantly, Z-Nle-Lys-Arg-AMC displayed the advantageous properties of measuring high cathepsin B specific activity over acidic to neutral pHs and was specifically cleaved by cathepsin B over the other cysteine cathepsins. Z-Nle-Lys-Arg-AMC specifically monitored cathepsin B activity in neuronal and glial cells which were consistent with relative abundances of cathepsin B protein. These findings validate Z-Nle-Lys-Arg-AMC as a novel substrate that specifically monitors cathepsin B activity over a broad pH range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
C. Yoon
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Biomedical
Sciences Graduate Program, University of
California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Von Phan
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Biomedical
Sciences Graduate Program, University of
California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Sonia Podvin
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Charles Mosier
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Vivian Hook
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Biomedical
Sciences Graduate Program, University of
California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Neurosciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
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4
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The Interplay of Glycosaminoglycans and Cysteine Cathepsins in Mucopolysaccharidosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030810. [PMID: 36979788 PMCID: PMC10045161 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) consists of a group of inherited lysosomal storage disorders that are caused by a defect of certain enzymes that participate in the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The abnormal accumulation of GAGs leads to progressive dysfunctions in various tissues and organs during childhood, contributing to premature death. As the current therapies are limited and inefficient, exploring the molecular mechanisms of the pathology is thus required to address the unmet needs of MPS patients to improve their quality of life. Lysosomal cysteine cathepsins are a family of proteases that play key roles in numerous physiological processes. Dysregulation of cysteine cathepsins expression and activity can be frequently observed in many human diseases, including MPS. This review summarizes the basic knowledge on MPS disorders and their current management and focuses on GAGs and cysteine cathepsins expression in MPS, as well their interplay, which may lead to the development of MPS-associated disorders.
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5
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Gonzalez EA, Nader H, Siebert M, Suarez DA, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Baldo G. Genome Editing Tools for Lysosomal Storage Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1429:127-155. [PMID: 37486520 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33325-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing has multiple applications in the biomedical field. They can be used to modify genomes at specific locations, being able to either delete, reduce, or even enhance gene transcription and protein expression. Here, we summarize applications of genome editing used in the field of lysosomal disorders. We focus on the development of cell lines for study of disease pathogenesis, drug discovery, and pathogenicity of specific variants. Furthermore, we highlight the main studies that use gene editing as a gene therapy platform for these disorders, both in preclinical and clinical studies. We conclude that gene editing has been able to change quickly the scenario of these disorders, allowing the development of new therapies and improving the knowledge on disease pathogenesis. Should they confirm their hype, the first gene editing-based products for lysosomal disorders could be available in the next years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Alberto Gonzalez
- Cell, Tissue and Gene Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Helena Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Farmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Siebert
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Unit of Laboratorial Research, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego A Suarez
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos J Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Cell, Tissue and Gene Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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6
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Yoon MC, Hook V, O'Donoghue AJ. Cathepsin B Dipeptidyl Carboxypeptidase and Endopeptidase Activities Demonstrated across a Broad pH Range. Biochemistry 2022; 61:1904-1914. [PMID: 35981509 PMCID: PMC9454093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cathepsin B is a lysosomal protease that participates
in protein
degradation. However, cathepsin B is also active under neutral pH
conditions of the cytosol, nuclei, and extracellular locations. The
dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase (DPCP) activity of cathepsin B, assayed
with the Abz-GIVR↓AK(Dnp)-OH substrate, has been reported to
display an acidic pH optimum. In contrast, the endopeptidase activity,
monitored with Z-RR-↓AMC, has a neutral pH optimum. These observations
raise the question of whether other substrates can demonstrate cathepsin
B DPCP activity at neutral pH and endopeptidase activity at acidic
pH. To address this question, global cleavage profiling of cathepsin
B with a diverse peptide library was conducted under acidic and neutral
pH conditions. Results revealed that cathepsin B has (1) major DPCP
activity and modest endopeptidase activity under both acidic and neutral
pH conditions and (2) distinct pH-dependent amino acid preferences
adjacent to cleavage sites for both DPCP and endopeptidase activities.
The pH-dependent cleavage preferences were utilized to design a new
Abz-GnVR↓AK(Dnp)-OH DPCP substrate,
with norleucine (n) at the P3 position, having improved DPCP activity
of cathepsin B at neutral pH compared to the original Abz-GIVR↓AK(Dnp)-OH
substrate. The new Z-VR-AMC and Z-ER-AMC substrates displayed improved
endopeptidase activity at acidic pH compared to the original Z-RR-AMC.
These findings illustrate the new concept that cathepsin B possesses
DPCP and endopeptidase activities at both acidic and neutral pH values.
These results advance understanding of the pH-dependent cleavage properties
of the dual DPCP and endopeptidase activities of cathepsin B that
function under different cellular pH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Yoon
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vivian Hook
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Department of Neurosciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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7
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Henckes NAC, Chuang L, Bosak I, Carazzai R, Garcez T, Kuhl CP, de Oliveira FDS, Loureiro Dos Santos LA, Visioli F, Cirne-Lima EO. Tissue engineering application combining epoxidized natural rubber blend and mesenchymal stem cells in in vivo response. J Biomater Appl 2022; 37:698-711. [PMID: 35733325 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221110476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate biocompatibility, integration, and tissue host response of the Poly (Lactic-co-Glycolic acid) (PLGA)/Poly (isoprene) (PI) epoxidized (PLGA/PIepox) innovative scaffold combined with adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC). We implanted the scaffold subcutaneously on the back of 18 female rats and monitored them for up to 14 days. When compared to controls, PLGA/PIepox + ADSC demonstrated an earlier vascularization, a tendency of inflammation reduction, an adequate tissue integration, higher cell proliferation, and a tendency of expression of collagen decreasing. However, 14 days post-implantation we found similar levels of CD31, Ki67 and AE1/AE3 in PLGA/PIepox when compared to control groups. The interesting results, lead us to the assumption that PLGA/PIepox is able to provide an effective delivery system for ADSC on tissue host. This animal study assesses PLGA/PIepox + ADSC in in vivo tissue functionality and validation of use, serving as a proof of concept for future clinical translation as it presents an innovative and promising tissue engineering opportunity for the use in tissue reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Andréa Corbellini Henckes
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, 37895Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, 28124Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura Chuang
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, 37895Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isadora Bosak
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, 37895Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Carazzai
- Laboratório de Biomateriais e Cerâmicas Avançadas, Departamento de Materiais, 28124Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tuane Garcez
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, 37895Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Palma Kuhl
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, 37895Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, 28124Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Dos Santos de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, 37895Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Alberto Loureiro Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biomateriais e Cerâmicas Avançadas, Departamento de Materiais, 28124Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Unidade de Patologia Experimental - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, 37895Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia, 28124Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Obino Cirne-Lima
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, 37895Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, 28124Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, 28124Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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8
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Wiesinger AM, Bigger B, Giugliani R, Scarpa M, Moser T, Lampe C, Kampmann C, Lagler FB. The Inflammation in the Cytopathology of Patients With Mucopolysaccharidoses- Immunomodulatory Drugs as an Approach to Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:863667. [PMID: 35645812 PMCID: PMC9136158 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.863667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). GAG storage-induced inflammatory processes are a driver of cytopathology in MPS and pharmacological immunomodulation can bring improvements in brain, cartilage and bone pathology in rodent models. This manuscript reviews current knowledge with regard to inflammation in MPS patients and provides hypotheses for the therapeutic use of immunomodulators in MPS. Thus, we aim to set the foundation for a rational repurposing of the discussed molecules to minimize the clinical unmet needs still remaining despite enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Wiesinger
- Institute of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, MetabERN, Udine, Italy
- *Correspondence: Anna-Maria Wiesinger,
| | - Brian Bigger
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, MetabERN, Udine, Italy
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Department of Genetics, Medical Genetics Service and Biodiscovery Laboratory, HCPA, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maurizio Scarpa
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, MetabERN, Udine, Italy
- Regional Coordinating Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Tobias Moser
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christina Lampe
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, MetabERN, Udine, Italy
- Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Center of Rare Diseases, University Hospitals Giessen/Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kampmann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian B. Lagler
- Institute of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, MetabERN, Udine, Italy
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9
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Yoon MC, Christy MP, Phan VV, Gerwick WH, Hook G, O'Donoghue AJ, Hook V. Molecular Features of CA-074 pH-Dependent Inhibition of Cathepsin B. Biochemistry 2022; 61:228-238. [PMID: 35119840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CA-074 is a selective inhibitor of cathepsin B, a lysosomal cysteine protease. CA-074 has been utilized in numerous studies to demonstrate the role of this protease in cellular and physiological functions. Cathepsin B in numerous human disease mechanisms involves its translocation from acidic lysosomes of pH 4.6 to neutral pH 7.2 of cellular locations, including the cytosol and extracellular environment. To gain in-depth knowledge of CA-074 inhibition under these different pH conditions, this study evaluated the molecular features, potency, and selectivity of CA-074 for cathepsin B inhibition under acidic and neutral pH conditions. This study demonstrated that CA-074 is most effective at inhibiting cathepsin B at an acidic pH of 4.6 with nM potency, which was more than 100-fold more potent than its inhibition at a neutral pH of 7.2. The pH-dependent inhibition of CA-074 was abolished by methylation of its C-terminal proline, indicating the requirement for the free C-terminal carboxyl group for pH-dependent inhibition. Under these acidic and neutral pH conditions, CA-074 maintained its specificity for cathepsin B over other cysteine cathepsins, displayed irreversible inhibition, and inhibited diverse cleavages of peptide substrates of cathepsin B assessed by profiling mass spectrometry. Molecular docking suggested that pH-dependent ionic interactions of the C-terminal carboxylate of CA-074 occur with His110 and His111 residues in the S2' subsite of the enzyme at pH 4.6, but these interactions differ at pH 7.2. While high levels of CA-074 or CA-074Me (converted by cellular esterases to CA-074) are used in biological studies to inhibit cathepsin B at both acidic and neutral pH locations, it is possible that adjusted levels of CA-074 or CA-074Me may be explored to differentially affect cathepsin B activity at these different pH values. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the molecular, kinetic, and protease specificity features of CA-074 pH-dependent inhibition of cathepsin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Yoon
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0021, United States.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0021, United States
| | - Mitchell P Christy
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0021, United States
| | - Von V Phan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0021, United States.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0021, United States
| | - William H Gerwick
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0021, United States
| | - Gregory Hook
- American Life Sciences Pharmaceuticals, Inc., La Jolla, California 92037-5149, United States
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0021, United States
| | - Vivian Hook
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0021, United States.,Department of Neurosciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0021, United States
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10
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Yoon MC, Solania A, Jiang Z, Christy MP, Podvin S, Mosier C, Lietz CB, Ito G, Gerwick WH, Wolan DW, Hook G, O’Donoghue AJ, Hook V. Selective Neutral pH Inhibitor of Cathepsin B Designed Based on Cleavage Preferences at Cytosolic and Lysosomal pH Conditions. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1628-1643. [PMID: 34416110 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin B is a cysteine protease that normally functions within acidic lysosomes for protein degradation, but in numerous human diseases, cathepsin B translocates to the cytosol having neutral pH where the enzyme activates inflammation and cell death. Cathepsin B is active at both the neutral pH 7.2 of the cytosol and the acidic pH 4.6 within lysosomes. We evaluated the hypothesis that cathepsin B may possess pH-dependent cleavage preferences that can be utilized for design of a selective neutral pH inhibitor by (1) analysis of differential cathepsin B cleavage profiles at neutral pH compared to acidic pH using multiplex substrate profiling by mass spectrometry (MSP-MS), (2) design of pH-selective peptide-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) substrates, and (3) design and validation of Z-Arg-Lys-acyloxymethyl ketone (AOMK) as a selective neutral pH inhibitor. Cathepsin B displayed preferences for cleaving peptides with Arg in the P2 position at pH 7.2 and Glu in the P2 position at pH 4.6, represented by its primary dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase and modest endopeptidase activity. These properties led to design of the substrate Z-Arg-Lys-AMC having neutral pH selectivity, and its modification with the AOMK warhead to result in the inhibitor Z-Arg-Lys-AOMK. This irreversible inhibitor displays nanomolar potency with 100-fold selectivity for inhibition of cathepsin B at pH 7.2 compared to pH 4.6, shows specificity for cathepsin B over other cysteine cathepsins, and is cell permeable and inhibits intracellular cathepsin B. These findings demonstrate that cathepsin B possesses pH-dependent cleavage properties that can lead to development of a potent, neutral pH inhibitor of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Yoon
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Angelo Solania
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Zhenze Jiang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mitchell P. Christy
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sonia Podvin
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Charles Mosier
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christopher B. Lietz
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Gen Ito
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dennis W. Wolan
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Gregory Hook
- American Life Sciences Pharmaceuticals, Inc., La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vivian Hook
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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11
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Soares LDF, Villalba Silva GC, Kubaski F, Giugliani R, Matte U. MPSBase: Comprehensive repository of differentially expressed genes for mucopolysaccharidoses. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 133:372-377. [PMID: 34147352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) caused by the deficiency of enzymes essential for the metabolism of extracellular matrix components called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). To understand the physiopathology and alterations due to the lysosomal accumulation resulting from enzymatic deficiencies and their secondary outcomes can improve the diagnosis and treatment of rare genetic diseases. This work presents a database for differentially expressed genes from different public MPS data. We developed our database, including 13 studies previously deposited in the GEO (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). The website is hosted in the UFRGS data processing center (CPD) and is available at <https://www.ufrgs.br/mpsbase/>. The site was constructed in PHP, and the analyses were performed in R. The organisms represented by the datasets are Canis lupus familiaris, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, and Rattus norvegicus. The user can search for the differentially expressed genes and ontologies by species, MPS type, or tissue type. For each comparison, a heatmap with the 50 top differentially expressed genes is available as well as dot plots for the 30 top ontologies divided by biological process, cellular component, KEGG pathways, and molecular function. This data is also fully available in tables. There are 54 possible comparisons involving about 5000 to 10,000 genes each. This website is the only specific database for MPS with filtering and presenting their results in a one-click approach to the best of our knowledge. The development of such analytical and automated strategies accessible to health professionals is essential for fostering MPS research. The MPSBase is a web user-friendly, comprehensive repository of differentially expressed genes and ontologies regarding the MPS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Dias Ferreira Soares
- Graduation Program on Biotechnology/Bioinformatics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil; Cells, Tissues and Genes Laboratory, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil; Bioinformatics Core, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil
| | - Gerda Cristal Villalba Silva
- Cells, Tissues and Genes Laboratory, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil; Bioinformatics Core, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501970, Brazil
| | - Francyne Kubaski
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501970, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil; Biodiscovery Lab, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Cells, Tissues and Genes Laboratory, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil; Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501970, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil; Biodiscovery Lab, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- Cells, Tissues and Genes Laboratory, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil; Bioinformatics Core, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501970, Brazil; Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501970, Brazil.
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12
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Gonzalez EA, Tobar Leitão SA, Soares DDS, Tavares AMV, Giugliani R, Baldo G, Matte U. Cardiac pathology in mucopolysaccharidosis I mice: Losartan modifies ERK1/2 activation during cardiac remodeling. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:740-750. [PMID: 33145772 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the IDUA gene, that codifies the alpha-L-iduronidase enzyme, which deficiency leads to storage of glycosaminoglycans, with multiple clinical manifestations. One of the leading causes of death in MPS I patients are cardiac complications such as cardiac valve thickening, conduction abnormalities, myocardial dysfunction, and cardiac hypertrophy. The mechanism leading to cardiac dysfunction in MPS I is not entirely understood. In a previous study, we have demonstrated that losartan and propranolol improved the cardiac function in MPS I mice. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether the pathways influenced by these drugs may modulate the cardiac remodeling process in MPS I mice. According to our previous observation, losartan and propranolol restore the heart function, without altering valve thickness. MPS I mice presented reduced activation of AKT and ERK1/2, increased activity of cathepsins, but no alteration in metalloproteinase activity was observed. Animals treated with losartan showed a reduction in cathepsin activity and restored ERK1/2 activation. While both losartan and propranolol improved heart function, no mechanistic evidence was found for propranolol so far. Our results suggest that losartan or propranolol could be used to ameliorate the cardiac disease in MPS I and could be considered as adjuvant treatment candidates for therapy optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Alberto Gonzalez
- Postgraduate Program in Genetic and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Cells, Tissues, and Genes Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Santiago Alonso Tobar Leitão
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Douglas Dos Santos Soares
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Vicente Tavares
- Cells, Tissues, and Genes Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Postgraduate Program in Genetic and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Cells, Tissues, and Genes Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Postgraduate Program in Genetic and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Cells, Tissues, and Genes Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- Postgraduate Program in Genetic and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Cells, Tissues, and Genes Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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13
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Gu Y, Zhu Y, Deng G, Liu S, Sun Y, Lv W. Curcumin analogue AI-44 alleviates MSU-induced gouty arthritis in mice via inhibiting cathepsin B-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107375. [PMID: 33517224 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NOD-like receptors (NLRs), as a part of intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRR), are important regulators in innate immune system. The NLRP3 inflammasome which is a member of NLRs has been linked to several human inflammatory diseases. Gouty arthritis is triggered when the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in joints induces acute inflammation characterized by the recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils. In this study, we explored the curcumin analogue AI-44 alleviated the gouty arthritis in mice via suppressing MSU engaging NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that AI-44 inhibited the interaction of cathepsin B and NLRP3 to prevent the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Moreover, we found AI-44 inhibited the enzyme activity of cathepsin B and bound to the key residue E122 in cytoplasm but not in lysosome. Collectively, these data suggest that AI-44 is a novel drug candidate for the treatment of gouty arthritis through targeting cathepsin B and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpin Gu
- Department of Gynecology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 234 Gucui Road, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yongcheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guoliang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Songjun Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 234 Gucui Road, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wen Lv
- Department of Gynecology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 234 Gucui Road, Hangzhou 310012, China; Center for Uterine Cancer Diagnosis & Therapy Research in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China.
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14
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Stahl-Meyer J, Stahl-Meyer K, Jäättelä M. Control of mitosis, inflammation, and cell motility by limited leakage of lysosomes. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 71:29-37. [PMID: 33684809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal membrane permeabilization and subsequent leakage of lysosomal hydrolases into the cytosol are considered as the major hallmarks of evolutionarily conserved lysosome-dependent cell death. Contradicting this postulate, new sensitive methods that can detect a minimal lysosomal membrane damage have demonstrated that lysosomal leakage does not necessarily equal cell death. Notably, cells are not only able to survive minor lysosomal membrane permeabilization, but some of their normal functions actually depend on leaked lysosomal hydrolases. Here we discuss emerging data suggesting that spatially and temporally controlled lysosomal leakage delivers lysosomal hydrolases to specific subcellular sites of action and controls at least three essential cellular processes, namely mitotic chromosome segregation, inflammatory signaling, and cellular motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stahl-Meyer
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Stahl-Meyer
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Orphazyme A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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15
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Santos HS, Poletto E, Schuh R, Matte U, Baldo G. Genome editing in mucopolysaccharidoses and mucolipidoses. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 182:327-351. [PMID: 34175047 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) and mucolipidoses (ML) are disorders that alter lysosome function. While MPS are caused by mutation in enzymes that degrade glycosaminoglycans, the ML are disorders characterized by reduced function in the phosphotransferase enzyme. Multiple clinical features are associated with these diseases and the exact mechanisms that could explain such different clinical manifestations in patients are still unknown. Furthermore, there are no curative treatment for any of MPS and ML conditions so far. Gene editing holds promise as a tool for the creation of cell and animal models to help explain disease pathogenesis, as well as a platform for gene therapy. In this chapter, we discuss the main studies involving genome editing for MPS and the prospect applications for ML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallana Souza Santos
- Laboratório Células, Tecidos e Genes do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Edina Poletto
- Laboratório Células, Tecidos e Genes do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselena Schuh
- Laboratório Células, Tecidos e Genes do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- Laboratório Células, Tecidos e Genes do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Laboratório Células, Tecidos e Genes do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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16
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Sasaki T, Ogata M, Kajihama A, Nakau K, Okizaki A. Dysostosis in mucopolysaccharidosis type 2: A case of longitudinal follow up and literature review. Radiol Case Rep 2021; 16:656-660. [PMID: 33488893 PMCID: PMC7809250 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type 2 is a congenital lysosomal disease characterized by iduronate-2-sulfatase deficiency, which leads to excessive accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in tissue. Dysostosis, which primarily involves decreased bone mineralization with morphological changes in the bone, is a major skeletal condition in mucopolysaccharidosis, but its pathophysiology is not well known. Here, we report a case of mucopolysaccharidosis type 2 diagnosed at the age of 2 years with longitudinal follow-up data for more than 15 years. Although the patient underwent bone marrow transplantation, the developmental quotient did not improve, and cranial hyperostosis progressed prominently with a faintly dilated perivascular space. Other dysostoses and contraction of the joints were observed but did not improve either.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Sasaki
- Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Miki Ogata
- Department of Radiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Aya Kajihama
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kouichi Nakau
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Atsutaka Okizaki
- Department of Radiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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17
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Zimmer A, Teixeira RB, Constantin RL, Campos-Carraro C, Aparicio Cordero EA, Ortiz VD, Donatti L, Gonzalez E, Bahr AC, Visioli F, Baldo G, Luz de Castro A, Araujo AS, Belló-Klein A. The progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by monocrotaline is characterized by lung nitrosative and oxidative stress, and impaired pulmonary artery reactivity. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 891:173699. [PMID: 33160936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The time-course of pulmonary arterial hypertension in the monocrotaline (MCT) model was investigated. Male rats were divided into two groups: MCT (received a 60 mg/kg i.p. injection) and control (received saline). The MCT and control groups were further divided into three cohorts, based on the follow-up interval: 1, 2, and 3 weeks. Right ventricle (RV) catheterization was performed and RV hypertrophy (RVH) was estimated. The lungs were used for biochemical, histological, molecular, and immunohistochemical analysis, while pulmonary artery rings were used for vascular reactivity. MCT promoted lung perivascular edema, inflammatory cells exudation, greater neutrophils and lymphocytes profile, and arteriolar wall thickness, compared to CTR group. Increases in pulmonary artery pressure and in RVH were observed in the MCT 2- and 3-week groups. The first week was marked by the presence of nitrosative stress (50% moderate and 33% accentuated staining by nitrotyrosine). These alterations lead to an adaptation of NO production by NO synthase activity after 2 weeks. Oxidative stress was evident in the third week, probably by an imbalance between endothelin-1 receptors, resulting in extracellular matrix remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, and RVH. Also, it was found a reduced pulmonary arterial vasodilatory response to acetylcholine after 2 (55%) and 3 (45%) weeks in MCT groups. The relevance of this study is precisely to show that nitrosative and oxidative stress predominate in distinct time windows of the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexsandra Zimmer
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Rayane Brinck Teixeira
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Rosalia Lempk Constantin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Cristina Campos-Carraro
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Vanessa Duarte Ortiz
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Donatti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Esteban Gonzalez
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Alan Christhian Bahr
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Luz de Castro
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Alex Sander Araujo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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18
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Chazeirat T, Denamur S, Bojarski KK, Andrault PM, Sizaret D, Zhang F, Saidi A, Tardieu M, Linhardt RJ, Labarthe F, Brömme D, Samsonov SA, Lalmanach G, Lecaille F. The abnormal accumulation of heparan sulfate in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis prevents the elastolytic activity of cathepsin V. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 253:117261. [PMID: 33278943 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) are rare inherited diseases characterized by accumulation of lysosomal glycosaminoglycans, including heparan sulfate (HS). Patients exhibit progressive multi-visceral dysfunction and shortened lifespan mainly due to a severe cardiac/respiratory decline. Cathepsin V (CatV) is a potent elastolytic protease implicated in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Whether CatV is inactivated by HS in lungs from MPS patients remained unknown. Herein, CatV colocalized with HS in MPS bronchial epithelial cells. HS level correlated positively with the severity of respiratory symptoms and negatively to the overall endopeptidase activity of cysteine cathepsins. HS bound tightly to CatV and impaired its activity. Withdrawal of HS by glycosidases preserved exogenous CatV activity, while addition of Surfen, a HS antagonist, restored elastolytic CatV-like activity in MPS samples. Our data suggest that the pathophysiological accumulation of HS may be deleterious for CatV-mediated ECM remodeling and for lung tissue homeostasis, thus contributing to respiratory disorders associated to MPS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Chazeirat
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team "Mécanismes Protéolytiques Dans l'Inflammation", Tours, France.
| | - Sophie Denamur
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team "Mécanismes Protéolytiques Dans l'Inflammation", Tours, France; Pediatric Department, Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism ToTeM, CHRU Tours, France.
| | | | - Pierre-Marie Andrault
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Damien Sizaret
- Anatomical Pathology and Cytology Department, Bretonneau Hospital, CHRU Tours, France.
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA.
| | - Ahlame Saidi
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team "Mécanismes Protéolytiques Dans l'Inflammation", Tours, France.
| | - Marine Tardieu
- Pediatric Department, Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism ToTeM, CHRU Tours, France.
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA.
| | - François Labarthe
- Pediatric Department, Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism ToTeM, CHRU Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer (N2C), Tours, France.
| | - Dieter Brömme
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | | | - Gilles Lalmanach
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team "Mécanismes Protéolytiques Dans l'Inflammation", Tours, France.
| | - Fabien Lecaille
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team "Mécanismes Protéolytiques Dans l'Inflammation", Tours, France.
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19
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Azambuja AS, Pimentel-Vera LN, Gonzalez EA, Poletto E, Pinheiro CV, Matte U, Giugliani R, Baldo G. Evidence for inflammasome activation in the brain of mucopolysaccharidosis type II mice. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:1231-1236. [PMID: 32623553 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hunter syndrome or mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is an X-linked recessive disease caused by the deficiency of iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS), leading to storage of undegraded heparan and dermatan sulfate. Patients with the severe form present neurological abnormalities, but the mechanisms of such alterations are unknown. Here, we hypothesized that the undegraded substances found in this disease could be recognized as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS), leading to activation of the inflammasome. Brains from 2 and 5 months normal and MPS II mice were studied. We observed an increase in cathepsin B activity in the brain tissue and leakage of this enzyme from the lysosome to the cytoplasm in a MPS II neuronal cell line, which is a known activator of the inflammasome. Furthermore, Caspase-1 activity and IL-1-beta levels were elevated at 5 months, confirming that this pathway is indeed altered. Our results suggest that undegraded GAG activate the inflammasome pathway in MPS II and future studies could focus on blocking such pathway to better understand the role of this process to the pathogenesis of MPS II.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Azambuja
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Terapia Gênica-HCPA, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - L N Pimentel-Vera
- Centro de Terapia Gênica-HCPA, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - E A Gonzalez
- Centro de Terapia Gênica-HCPA, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - E Poletto
- Centro de Terapia Gênica-HCPA, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C V Pinheiro
- Centro de Terapia Gênica-HCPA, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - U Matte
- Centro de Terapia Gênica-HCPA, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R Giugliani
- Centro de Terapia Gênica-HCPA, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Centro de Terapia Gênica-HCPA, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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20
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Wang N, Yuan Y, Bai X, Han W, Han L, Qing B. Association of cathepsin B and cystatin C with an age-related pulmonary subclinical state in a healthy Chinese population. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2020; 14:1753466620921751. [PMID: 32401159 PMCID: PMC7223214 DOI: 10.1177/1753466620921751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cathepsin B (CTSB) and cystatin C (CYSC) are new biomarkers for several physiological and pathological processes as their activities increase with age. The aim of this study was to explore population-level associations between serum CTSB and CYSC with an age-related pulmonary subclinical state. Methods: We examined 401 healthy participants (aged 36–87 years, of which 44.3% were male) in northern Chinese cities. We used a standard spirometer to determine lung function. Serum CTSB and CYSC levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: For all participants, serum CTSB was related to maximum vital capacity (VC MAX), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s, peak expiratory flow, forced expiratory flow at 25% of FVC, forced expiratory volume in 3 s (FEV3), and inspiratory vital capacity (VC IN). These associations were lost after full adjustment. CYSC remained significantly associated with inspiratory capacity (IC), breath frequency (BF; p < 0.001), minute ventilation (MV), the ratio of FEV3 and FVC (FEV3%FVC), and expiratory reserve volume (p < 0.05) after adjusting for all other possible confounders. In males, serum CYSC levels exhibited significant and independent associations with FVC, FEV3 (p < 0.05), and IC (p < 0.001) and serum CTSB levels exhibited significant and independent associations with BF (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results confirmed serum CYSC concentration associations with an age-related lung function in healthy people. However, the association between serum CTSB and lung function was not well confirmed. Serum measurements of CYSC may provide valuable predictors of pulmonary function in healthy people, especially healthy elderly adults. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yajun Yuan
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaojuan Bai
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Wen Han
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lulu Han
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bijuan Qing
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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21
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De Pasquale V, Moles A, Pavone LM. Cathepsins in the Pathophysiology of Mucopolysaccharidoses: New Perspectives for Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040979. [PMID: 32326609 PMCID: PMC7227001 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins (CTSs) are ubiquitously expressed proteases normally found in the endolysosomal compartment where they mediate protein degradation and turnover. However, CTSs are also found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and extracellular matrix where they actively participate in cell signaling, protein processing, and trafficking through the plasma and nuclear membranes and between intracellular organelles. Dysregulation in CTS expression and/or activity disrupts cellular homeostasis, thus contributing to many human diseases, including inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, obesity, cancer, kidney dysfunction, and others. This review aimed to highlight the involvement of CTSs in inherited lysosomal storage disorders, with a primary focus to the emerging evidence on the role of CTSs in the pathophysiology of Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs). These latter diseases are characterized by severe neurological, skeletal and cardiovascular phenotypes, and no effective cure exists to date. The advance in the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the activity of CTSs in MPSs may open a new challenge for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the cure of such intractable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Anna Moles
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Spanish Research Council, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7463043
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22
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Vizovišek M, Vidak E, Javoršek U, Mikhaylov G, Bratovš A, Turk B. Cysteine cathepsins as therapeutic targets in inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:573-588. [PMID: 32228244 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1746765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cysteine cathepsins are involved in the development and progression of numerous inflammation-associated diseases such as cancer, arthritis, bone and immune disorders. Consequently, there is a drive to progress research efforts focused on cathepsin use in diagnostics and as therapeutic targets in disease.Areas covered: This review discusses the potential of cysteine cathepsins as therapeutic targets in inflammation-associated diseases and recent advances in preclinical and clinical research. We describe direct targeting of cathepsins for treatment purposes and their indirect use in diagnostics.Expert opinion: The targeting of cysteine cathepsins has not translated into the clinic; this failure is attributed to off- and on-target side effects and/or the lack of companion biomarkers. This field now embraces developments in diagnostic imaging, the activation of prodrugs and antibody-drug conjugates for targeted drug delivery. The future lies in improved molecular tools and therapeutic concepts that will find a wide spectrum of uses in diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Vizovišek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Vidak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Javoršek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Georgy Mikhaylov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Bratovš
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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23
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Patel N, Mills P, Davison J, Cleary M, Gissen P, Banushi B, Doykov I, Dorman M, Mills K, Heywood WE. Free urinary glycosylated hydroxylysine as an indicator of altered collagen degradation in the mucopolysaccharidoses. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:309-317. [PMID: 31452203 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) disruption is known to be an early pathological feature of the Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS). Collagen is the main component of the ECM and its metabolism could act as a useful indicator of ECM disruption. We have measured the specific collagen breakdown products; urinary free hydroxylated (Lys-OH) and glycosylated hydroxylysines (Lys-O-Gal and Lys-O-GalGlc) in MPS patients using a tandem liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. A pilot study cohort analysis indicated that concentrations of lysine and Lys-OH were raised significantly in MPS I (Hurler) disease patients. Lys-O-GalGlc was raised in MPS II and MPS VI patients and demonstrated a significant difference between MPS I Hurler and an MPS I Hurler-Scheie group. Further analysis determined an age association for glycosylated hydroxylysine in control samples similar to that observed for the glycosaminoglycans. Using defined age ranges and treatment naïve patient samples we confirmed an increase in glycosylated hydroxylysines in MPS I and in adult MPS IVA. We also looked at the ratio of Lys-O-Gal to Lys-O-GalGlc, an indicator of the source of collagen degradation, and noticed a significant change in the ratio for all pediatric MPS I, II, and IV patients, and a small significant increase in adult MPS IV. This indicated that the collagen degradation products were coming from a source other than bone such as cartilage or connective tissue. To see how specific the changes in glycosylated hydroxylysine were to MPS patients we also looked at levels in patients with other inherited metabolic disorders. MPS patients showed a trend towards increased glycosylated hydroxylysines and an elevated ratio compared to other metabolic disorders that included Battens disease, Fabry disease, Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (due to mutations in ALDH7A1), and Niemann Pick C disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Patel
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Philippa Mills
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - James Davison
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Maureen Cleary
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Blerida Banushi
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ivan Doykov
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Megan Dorman
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Kevin Mills
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wendy E Heywood
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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24
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Viana GM, Gonzalez EA, Alvarez MMP, Cavalheiro RP, do Nascimento CC, Baldo G, D’Almeida V, de Lima MA, Pshezhetsky AV, Nader HB. Cathepsin B-associated Activation of Amyloidogenic Pathway in Murine Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I Brain Cortex. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041459. [PMID: 32093427 PMCID: PMC7073069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is caused by genetic deficiency of α-l-iduronidase and impairment of lysosomal catabolism of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. In the brain, these substrates accumulate in the lysosomes of neurons and glial cells, leading to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Their storage also affects lysosomal homeostasis-inducing activity of several lysosomal proteases including cathepsin B (CATB). In the central nervous system, increased CATB activity has been associated with the deposition of amyloid plaques due to an alternative pro-amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), suggesting a potential role of this enzyme in the neuropathology of MPS I. In this study, we report elevated levels of protein expression and activity of CATB in cortex tissues of 6-month-old MPS I (Idua -/- mice. Besides, increased CATB leakage from lysosomes to the cytoplasm of Idua -/- cortical pyramidal neurons was indicative of damaged lysosomal membranes. The increased CATB activity coincided with an elevated level of the 16-kDa C-terminal APP fragment, which together with unchanged levels of β-secretase 1 was suggestive for the role of this enzyme in the amyloidogenic APP processing. Neuronal accumulation of Thioflavin-S-positive misfolded protein aggregates and drastically increased levels of neuroinflammatory glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes and CD11b-positive activated microglia were observed in Idua -/- cortex by confocal fluorescent microscopy. Together, our results point to the existence of a novel CATB-associated alternative amyloidogenic pathway in MPS I brain induced by lysosomal storage and potentially leading to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Monteiro Viana
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil; (M.M.P.A.); (R.P.C.); (H.B.N.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.V); (A.V.P); Tel.: +55-11-55764438 (ext. 1188) (G.M.V.); Tel.: +1 (514)-345-4931 (ext. 2736) (A.V.P.)
| | - Esteban Alberto Gonzalez
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-903, Brazil; (E.A.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Marcela Maciel Palacio Alvarez
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil; (M.M.P.A.); (R.P.C.); (H.B.N.)
| | - Renan Pelluzzi Cavalheiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil; (M.M.P.A.); (R.P.C.); (H.B.N.)
| | - Cinthia Castro do Nascimento
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04024-002, Brazil; (C.C.d.N.); (V.D.)
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-903, Brazil; (E.A.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Vânia D’Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04024-002, Brazil; (C.C.d.N.); (V.D.)
| | - Marcelo Andrade de Lima
- Molecular & Structural Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Alexey V. Pshezhetsky
- Division of Medical Genetics, CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Correspondence: (G.M.V); (A.V.P); Tel.: +55-11-55764438 (ext. 1188) (G.M.V.); Tel.: +1 (514)-345-4931 (ext. 2736) (A.V.P.)
| | - Helena Bonciani Nader
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil; (M.M.P.A.); (R.P.C.); (H.B.N.)
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25
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Parker H, Ellison SM, Holley RJ, O'Leary C, Liao A, Asadi J, Glover E, Ghosh A, Jones S, Wilkinson FL, Brough D, Pinteaux E, Boutin H, Bigger BW. Haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy with IL-1Ra rescues cognitive loss in mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11185. [PMID: 32057196 PMCID: PMC7059006 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA is a neuronopathic lysosomal storage disease, characterised by heparan sulphate and other substrates accumulating in the brain. Patients develop behavioural disturbances and cognitive decline, a possible consequence of neuroinflammation and abnormal substrate accumulation. Interleukin (IL)‐1β and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) expression were significantly increased in both murine models and human MPSIII patients. We identified pathogenic mechanisms of inflammasome activation, including that disease‐specific 2‐O‐sulphated heparan sulphate was essential for priming an IL‐1β response via the Toll‐like receptor 4 complex. However, mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA primary and secondary storage substrates, such as amyloid beta, were both required to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and initiate IL‐1β secretion. IL‐1 blockade in mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA mice using IL‐1 receptor type 1 knockout or haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy over‐expressing IL‐1Ra reduced gliosis and completely prevented behavioural phenotypes. In conclusion, we demonstrate that IL‐1 drives neuroinflammation, behavioural abnormality and cognitive decline in mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA, highlighting haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy treatment with IL‐1Ra as a potential neuronopathic lysosomal disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Parker
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart M Ellison
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rebecca J Holley
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire O'Leary
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Aiyin Liao
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jalal Asadi
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emily Glover
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Arunabha Ghosh
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon Jones
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Fiona L Wilkinson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,The Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - David Brough
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hervé Boutin
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian W Bigger
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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26
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Lysosomal Abnormalities in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030811. [PMID: 32012649 PMCID: PMC7036830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysosome, a key organelle for cellular clearance, is associated with a wide variety of pathological conditions in humans. Lysosome function and its related pathways are particularly important for maintaining the health of the cardiovascular system. In this review, we highlighted studies that have improved our understanding of the connection between lysosome function and cardiovascular diseases with an emphasis on a recent breakthrough that characterized a unique autophagosome-lysosome fusion mechanism employed by cardiomyocytes through a lysosomal membrane protein LAMP-2B. This finding may impact the development of future therapeutic applications.
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27
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3D vessel-wall virtual histology of whole-body perfused mice using a novel heavy element stain. Sci Rep 2019; 9:698. [PMID: 30679558 PMCID: PMC6345940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtual histology – utilizing high-resolution three-dimensional imaging – is becoming readily available. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is widely available and is often coupled with x-ray attenuating histological stains that mark specific tissue components for 3D virtual histology. In this study we describe a new tri-element x-ray attenuating stain and perfusion protocol that provides micro-CT contrast of the entire vasculature of an intact mouse. The stain – derived from an established histology stain (Verhoeff’s) – is modified to enable perfusion through the vasculature; the attenuating elements of the stain are iodine, aluminum, and iron. After a 30-minute perfusion through the vasculature (10-minute flushing with detergent-containing saline followed by 15-minute perfusion with the stain and a final 5-minute saline flush), animals are scanned using micro-CT. We demonstrate that the new staining protocol enables sharp delineation of the vessel walls in three dimensions over the whole body; corresponding histological analysis verified that the CT stain is localized primarily in the endothelial cells and media of large arteries and the endothelium of smaller vessels, such as the coronaries. The rapid perfusion and scanning protocol ensured that all tissues are available for further analysis via higher resolution CT of smaller sections or traditional histological sectioning.
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28
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Parker H, Bigger BW. The role of innate immunity in mucopolysaccharide diseases. J Neurochem 2018; 148:639-651. [PMID: 30451296 PMCID: PMC6590380 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses are lysosomal storage disorders characterised by accumulation of abnormal pathological glycosaminoglycans, cellular dysfunction and widespread inflammation, resulting in progressive cognitive and motor decline. Lysosomes are important mediators of immune cell function, and therefore accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and other abnormal substrates could affect immune function and directly impact on disease pathogenesis. This review summarises current knowledge with regard to inflammation in mucopolysaccharidosis, with an emphasis on the brain and outlines a potential role for GAGs in induction of inflammation. We propose a model by which the accumulation of GAGs and other factors may impact on innate immune signalling with particular focus on the Toll‐like receptor 4 pathway. Innate immunity appears to have a dominating role in mucopolysaccharidosis; however, furthering understanding of innate immune signalling would have significant impact on highlighting novel anti‐inflammatory therapeutics for use in mucopolysaccharide diseases. ![]()
This article is part of the Special Issue “Lysosomal Storage Disorders”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Parker
- Stem Cell and NeurotherapiesDivision of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Brian W. Bigger
- Stem Cell and NeurotherapiesDivision of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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