1
|
Huang R, Fu P, Ma L. Kidney fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapeutic medicines. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:129. [PMID: 36932062 PMCID: PMC10023808 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is estimated to affect 10-14% of global population. Kidney fibrosis, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition leading to scarring, is a hallmark manifestation in different progressive CKD; However, at present no antifibrotic therapies against CKD exist. Kidney fibrosis is identified by tubule atrophy, interstitial chronic inflammation and fibrogenesis, glomerulosclerosis, and vascular rarefaction. Fibrotic niche, where organ fibrosis initiates, is a complex interplay between injured parenchyma (like tubular cells) and multiple non-parenchymal cell lineages (immune and mesenchymal cells) located spatially within scarring areas. Although the mechanisms of kidney fibrosis are complicated due to the kinds of cells involved, with the help of single-cell technology, many key questions have been explored, such as what kind of renal tubules are profibrotic, where myofibroblasts originate, which immune cells are involved, and how cells communicate with each other. In addition, genetics and epigenetics are deeper mechanisms that regulate kidney fibrosis. And the reversible nature of epigenetic changes including DNA methylation, RNA interference, and chromatin remodeling, gives an opportunity to stop or reverse kidney fibrosis by therapeutic strategies. More marketed (e.g., RAS blockage, SGLT2 inhibitors) have been developed to delay CKD progression in recent years. Furthermore, a better understanding of renal fibrosis is also favored to discover biomarkers of fibrotic injury. In the review, we update recent advances in the mechanism of renal fibrosis and summarize novel biomarkers and antifibrotic treatment for CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongshuang Huang
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ma
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miescher I, Wolint P, Opelz C, Snedeker JG, Giovanoli P, Calcagni M, Buschmann J. Impact of High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid on Gene Expression in Rabbit Achilles Tenocytes In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147926. [PMID: 35887273 PMCID: PMC9320370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Surgical tendon repair often leads to adhesion formation, leading to joint stiffness and a reduced range of motion. Tubular implants set around sutured tendons might help to reduce peritendinous adhesions. The lubricant hyaluronic acid (HA) is a viable option for optimizing such tubes with the goal of further enhancing the anti-adhesive effect. As the implant degrades over time and diffusion is presumed, the impact of HA on tendon cells is important to know. (2) Methods: A culture medium of rabbit Achilles tenocytes was supplemented with high-molecular-weight (HMW) HA and the growth curves of the cells were assessed. Additionally, after 3, 7 and 14 days, the gene expression of several markers was analyzed for matrix assembly, tendon differentiation, fibrosis, proliferation, matrix remodeling, pro-inflammation and resolution. (3) Results: The addition of HA decreased matrix marker genes, downregulated the fibrosis marker α-SMA for a short time and slightly increased the matrix-remodeling gene MMP-2. Of the pro-inflammatory marker genes, only IL-6 was significantly upregulated. IL-6 has to be kept in check, although IL-6 is also needed for a proper initial inflammation and efficient resolution. (4) Conclusions: The observed effects in vitro support the intended anti-adhesion effect and therefore, the use of HMW HA is promising as a biodegradable implant for tendon repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Miescher
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (I.M.); (P.W.); (C.O.); (P.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Petra Wolint
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (I.M.); (P.W.); (C.O.); (P.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Christine Opelz
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (I.M.); (P.W.); (C.O.); (P.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Jess G. Snedeker
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University Clinic Balgrist, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Pietro Giovanoli
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (I.M.); (P.W.); (C.O.); (P.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Maurizio Calcagni
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (I.M.); (P.W.); (C.O.); (P.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (I.M.); (P.W.); (C.O.); (P.G.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-255-98-95
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pan-Lysyl Oxidase Inhibitor PXS-5505 Ameliorates Multiple-Organ Fibrosis by Inhibiting Collagen Crosslinks in Rodent Models of Systemic Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105533. [PMID: 35628342 PMCID: PMC9146019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterised by progressive multiple organ fibrosis leading to morbidity and mortality. Lysyl oxidases play a vital role in the cross-linking of collagens and subsequent build-up of fibrosis in the extracellular matrix. As such, their inhibition provides a novel treatment paradigm for SSc. A novel small molecule pan-lysyl oxidase inhibitor, PXS-5505, currently in clinical development for myelofibrosis treatment was evaluated using in vivo rodent models resembling the fibrotic conditions in SSc. Both lysyl oxidase and lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) expression were elevated in the skin and lung of SSc patients. The oral application of PXS-5505 inhibited lysyl oxidase activity in the skin and LOXL2 activity in the lung. PXS-5505 exhibited anti-fibrotic effects in the SSc skin mouse model, reducing dermal thickness and α-smooth muscle actin. Similarly, in the bleomycin-induced mouse lung model, PXS-5505 reduced pulmonary fibrosis toward normal levels, mediated by its ability to normalise collagen/elastin crosslink formation. PXS-5505 also reduced fibrotic extent in models of the ischaemia-reperfusion heart, the unilateral ureteral obstruction kidney, and the CCl4-induced fibrotic liver. PXS-5505 consistently demonstrates potent anti-fibrotic efficacy in multiple models of organ fibrosis relevant to the pathogenesis of SSc, suggesting that it may be efficacious as a novel approach for treating SSc.
Collapse
|
4
|
Saifi MA, Shaikh AS, Kaki VR, Godugu C. Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2516-2527. [PMID: 35285015 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is one of the major health burdens affecting a considerable number of people worldwide. The aberrant regulation of lysyl oxidase (LOX) family of enzymes results in establishment of dense extracellular matrix (ECM). Since, LOX enzymes need copper (Cu) for their proper catalytic activity; the present study investigated the efficacy of a copper chelator, disulfiram (DSF) in renal fibrosis. Antifibrotic activity of DSF was investigated in kidney epithelial cells stimulated by transforming growth factor-β1 (5 ng/ml) as well as in two animal models. The renal injury was induced in animals by unilateral ureteral obstruction and folic acid administration (250 mg/kg). The DSF (3 and 10 mg/kg, every 3rd day) and standard LOX inhibitor, β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN, 100 mg/kg, daily) administration was started on day 0 and continued till the day of sacrifice. DSF was found to be a potent LOX/LOXL2 inhibitor to reduce crosslinking of collagen fibrils leading to reduction in the collagen deposition. In addition, the DSF was demonstrated to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the tubular cells and fibrotic kidneys. Our results suggested that DSF, being a clinically available drug could be translated to clinics for its potent antifibrotic activity due to its inhibitory effect on LOX proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aslam Saifi
- Department of Biological Sciences (Regulatory Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Arbaz Sujat Shaikh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Venkata Rao Kaki
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Biological Sciences (Regulatory Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ali SA, Saifi MA, Godugu C, Talla V. Silibinin alleviates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis: Potential role in modulating inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5290-5304. [PMID: 34250649 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a devastating interstitial lung disease resulting from indefinite causes with very few limited, those too ineffective therapeutic options. Earlier evidence reported inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are the major threats in PF. The present study was aimed to examine the anti-fibrotic activity of silibinin (SB) in PF. PF was induced by administering oropharyngeal 1.5 mg/mice silica on day 1, followed by treatment with and without oral SB for 14 days. Lung injury was assessed by x-ray analysis on day 14 and all the animals were sacrificed on day 15. The results showed that silica remarkably altered the histoarchitecture and induced the expression of inflammatory components in BALF and pulmonary tissue. Immunoblotting investigation quantified the expression of TGF-β, p-smad2/3, collagen-I, fibronectin, and α-SMA in the pulmonary tissue. To this end, treatment with SB alleviated inflammatory components, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the fibrotic tissue. Moreover, SB harnessed the tissue architecture, improved diffusive scattering of x-ray signals, and modulated epithelial-mesenchymal phenotypic alterations, including TGF-β, p-smad2/3, and collagen-I. Altogether, the significant reduction of inflammatory signaling, collagen deposition, and epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation by SB suggested that it could be used as a potential therapeutic candidate to treat pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Afroz Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-(NIPER), Hyderabad, India.,Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-(NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mohd Aslam Saifi
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-(NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-(NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Venu Talla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-(NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Inhibition of discoidin domain receptors by imatinib prevented pancreatic fibrosis demonstrated in experimental chronic pancreatitis model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12894. [PMID: 34145346 PMCID: PMC8213731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Discoidin domain receptors (DDR1 and DDR2) are the collagen receptors of the family tyrosine kinases, which play significant role in the diseases like inflammation, fibrosis and cancer. Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibro-inflammatory disease in which recurrent pancreatic inflammation leads to pancreatic fibrosis. In the present study, we have investigated the role of DDR1 and DDR2 in CP. The induced expression of DDR1 and DDR2 was observed in primary pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and cerulein-induced CP. Subsequently, the protective effects of DDR1/DDR2 inhibitor, imatinib (IMT) were investigated. Pharmacological intervention with IMT effectively downregulated DDR1 and DDR2 expression. Further, IMT treatment reduced pancreatic injury, inflammation, extracellular matrix deposition and PSCs activation along with inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that inhibition of DDR1 and DDR2 controls pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis, which could represent an attractive and promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CP.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ali SA, Saifi MA, Pulivendala G, Godugu C, Talla V. Ferulic acid ameliorates the progression of pulmonary fibrosis via inhibition of TGF-β/smad signalling. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:111980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.111980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
8
|
A direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran etexilate protects from renal fibrosis by inhibiting protease activated receptor-1. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 893:173838. [PMID: 33359646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves interstitial fibrosis as an influential underlying pathological process associated with compromised renal function regardless of etiological cause of the injury. The tubulointerstitial fibrosis is found to be well correlated with declining renal function and its subsequent culmination into renal failure. Given the prominent role of thrombin in multiple diseases, it was tempting for us to investigate the outcome of a direct thrombin inhibitor in renal injury. We investigated the involvement of thrombin in renal injury and fibrosis by using an FDA approved orally active, direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran etexilate (DB). We used a robust experimental model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal injury which shows progressive tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) along with tubular injury and inflammation. The obstructed kidney showed severe TIF as compared to control kidneys. The administration of DB significantly inhibited UUO-induced collagen-1 and TIF by inhibition of thrombin activated protease activated receptor (PAR)-1 expression in fibrotic kidney. In addition, DB administration improved histoarchitecture of obstructed kidney, inhibited TGF-β and SNAI2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. Our study highlights the importance of thrombin signalling in TIF and provides strong evidences to support the notion that a direct thrombin inhibitor ameliorates TIF by PAR-1 mediated mechanism.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bansod S, Godugu C. Nimbolide ameliorates pancreatic inflammation and apoptosis by modulating NF-κB/SIRT1 and apoptosis signaling in acute pancreatitis model. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107246. [PMID: 33310297 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a potential gastrointestinal problem most commonly associated with pancreatic inflammation and acinar cells injury. Nimbolide (NB), isolated from the tree Azadirachta indica, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we aimed to investigate the pancreatic protective effects of NB in ameliorating cerulein-induced pancreatic inflammation and apoptosis in AP model and evaluate the potential mechanism of action. AP was induced in Swiss albino mice by six-hourly intraperitoneal exposures of cerulein (50 µg/kg/hr) and pre-treatment of NB (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) 7 days prior to the cerulein exposure. Various parameters associated with AP in plasma and pancreatic tissues were evaluated. Severity of AP was effectively ameliorated by NB as shown by reducing pancreatic edema, plasma amylase and lipase levels, MPO levels and in cerulein-induced histological damage. Further, the antioxidant effect of NB was associated with a significant inhibition of oxidative-nitrosative stress in Raw 264.7 cells and cerulein-induced AP mice. Moreover, NB suppressed proinflammatory cytokines, iNOS and nitrotyrosine expression. In addition, NB inhibited NF-κB activation and increased SIRT1 expression in cerulein challenged mice. Furthermore, NB also inhibited pancreatic apoptosis by downregulating cleaved caspase 3 and Bax while upregulating Bcl2 expression in cerulein-treated mice. Inhibition of pancreatic inflammation and apoptosis resulted in attenuation of cerulein-induced AP. These results suggest that NB exerts strong anti-pancreatitis effects against cerulein-induced AP by combating inflammatory and apoptosis signaling via SIRT1 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sapana Bansod
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chilvery S, Bansod S, Saifi MA, Godugu C. Piperlongumine attenuates bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis in mice via inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad and EMT pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106909. [PMID: 32882664 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis (LF) is a progressive liver injury that may result in excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). However, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) play a central role in the progression of LF through the activation of matrix producing hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Piperlongumine (PL), an alkaloid extracted from Piper longum, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in various diseases but its hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects have not been reported yet. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the protective effect of PL in bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced LF model and explored the molecular mechanisms underlying its antifibrotic effect. BDL group displayed a significant degree of liver damage, oxidative-nitrosative stress, hepatic inflammation and collagen deposition in the liver while these pathological changes were effectively attenuated by treatment with PL. Furthermore, we found that PL treatment greatly inhibited HSCs activation and ECM deposition via downregulation of fibronectin, α-SMA, collagen1a, and collagen3a expression in the fibrotic livers. We further demonstrated that PL administration significantly inhibited TGF-β1/Smad and EMT signaling pathways. Our study demonstrated that PL exerted strong hepatoprotective and antifibrotic activities against BDL-induced LF and might be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of LF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrilekha Chilvery
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sapana Bansod
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohd Aslam Saifi
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang N, Cao DF, Yin XX, Zhou HH, Mao XY. Lysyl oxidases: Emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110791. [PMID: 33152948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of extracellular proteins has attracted huge attention in treating human diseases. The lysyl oxidases (LOXs) are a family of secreted copper-dependent enzymes which initiate the covalent crosslinking of collagen and elastin fibers in the extracellular microenvironment, thereby facilitating extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and ECM homeostasis. Apart from ECM-dependent roles, LOXs are also involved in other biological processes such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and transcriptional regulation, especially following hypoxic stress. Dysregulation of LOXs is found to underlie the onset and progression of multiple pathologies, such as carcinogenesis and cancer metastasis, fibrotic diseases, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we make a comprehensive summarization of clinical and experimental evidences that support roles of for LOXs in disease pathology and points out LOXs as promising therapeutic targets for improving prognosis. Additionally, we also propose that LOXs reshape cell-ECM interaction or cell-cell interaction due to ECM-dependent and ECM-independent roles for LOXs. Therapeutic intervention of LOXs may have advantages in the maintenance of communication between ECM and cell or intercellular signaling, finally recovering organ function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Dan-Feng Cao
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
| | - Xi-Xi Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Riociguat ameliorates kidney injury and fibrosis in an animal model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:706-712. [PMID: 32768189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the greatest health burdens with an increasing global prevalence. Renal fibrosis (RF) is the hallmark of all forms of CKD which shows a strong positive correlation with severity of the disease. However, there are no therapeutic options available for treatment of RF. In the present study, we used an animal model based on unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), for renal injury and fibrosis. The UUO animals were treated with soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) stimulator, riociguat (RIO) (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) to investigate its possible renoprotective effects. Kidneys of animals treated with RIO were found to show less abnormalities as compared to UUO control. Further, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines were reduced in RIO treated group. Furthermore, administration of RIO reduced expression of collagen-1, TGF-β, CTGF, α-SMA, vimentin along with transcription factors including Snail and Slug. The results of the present study provided strong evidence to support the antifibrotic activity of RIO.
Collapse
|