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Lee HW, Karki R, Han JH. Inhibition of the RPS6KA1/FoxO1 signaling axis by hydroxycitric acid attenuates HFD-induced obesity through MCE suppression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155551. [PMID: 38569293 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because obesity is associated with a hyperplasia-mediated increase in adipose tissue, inhibiting cell proliferation during mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) is a leading strategy for preventing obesity. Although (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is used to control obesity, the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects on MCE are poorly understood. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of HCA on MCE and underlying molecular mechanisms affecting adipogenesis and obesity improvements. METHODS Preadipocyte cell line, 3T3-L1, were treated with HCA; oil red O, cell proliferation, cell cycle, and related alterations in signaling pathways were examined. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were administered HCA for 12 weeks; body and adipose tissues weights were evaluated, and the regulation of signaling pathways in epidydimal white adipose tissue were examined in vivo. RESULTS Here, we report that during MCE, HCA attenuates the proliferation of the preadipocyte cell line, 3T3-L1, by arresting the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. In addition, HCA markedly inhibits Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) phosphorylation, thereby inducing the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B and suppressing the levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 2, cyclin E1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and phosphorylated retinoblastoma. Importantly, we found that ribosomal protein S6 kinase A1 (RPS6KA1) influences HCA-mediated inactivation of FoxO1 and its nuclear exclusion. An animal model of obesity revealed that HCA reduced high-fat diet-induced obesity by suppressing adipocyte numbers as well as epididymal and mesenteric white adipose tissue mass, which is attributed to the regulation of RPS6KA1, FoxO1, CDKN1B and PCNA that had been consistently identified in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide novel insights into the mechanism by which HCA regulates adipogenesis and highlight the RPS6KA1/FoxO1 signaling axis as a therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Won Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Nexus Institute of Research and Innovation (NIRI), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Joo-Hui Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea.
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Li Y, Chen Q, Sun HJ, Zhang JH, Liu X. The Active Ingredient Catalpol in Rehmannia glutinosa Reduces Blood Glucose in Diabetic Rats via the AMPK Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1761-1767. [PMID: 38645660 PMCID: PMC11032140 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s446318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a huge threat to population health globally, and more drugs need to be explored for treatment. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of active ingredient catalpol in Rehmannia glutinosa on reduces blood glucose in diabetic. Methods The T2DM model was constructed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin into Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, which were randomly grouped into diabetes model group, pioglitazone group, Rehmannia glutinosa group, catalpol high-dose group, catalpol low-dose group and normal control group.The intervention was continued for 28 d, and changes in body weight, fasting blood glucose, insulin and lipid levels were observed. Results Of all the drugs, pioglitazone had the most pronounced hypoglycemic effect, which began to decline after 2 weeks of treatment in the low-dose catalpol group and had no hypoglycemic effect in the high-dose catalpol group. Among them, Rehmannia glutinosa was able to increase serum triglyceride level, and pioglitazone effectively reduced total cholesterol level in rats. The low dose of catalpol decreased the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), while the high dose of catalpol increased the concentration of LDL. Conclusion As an active ingredient in Rehmannia glutinosa, catalpol has the potential to lower blood glucose and improve blood lipids in diabetes treatment, and its action may be achieved by regulating the adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, which provides a new idea for the development of new diabetes therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, the Fourth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, the Fourth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Juan Sun
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, the Fourth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, the Fourth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, the Fourth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Gureev AP, Silachev DN, Sadovnikova IS, Krutskikh EP, Chernyshova EV, Volodina DE, Samoylova NA, Potanina DV, Burakova IY, Smirnova YD, Popov VN, Plotnikov EY. The Ketogenic Diet but not Hydroxycitric Acid Keeps Brain Mitochondria Quality Control and mtDNA Integrity Under Focal Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03325-8. [PMID: 37074549 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in the ischemic brain is one of the hallmarks of stroke. Dietary interventions such as the ketogenic diet and hydroxycitric acid supplementation (a caloric restriction mimetic) may potentially protect neurons from mitochondrial damage induced by focal stroke in mice. We showed that in control mice, the ketogenic diet and the hydroxycitric acid did not impact significantly on the mtDNA integrity and expression of genes involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial quality control in the brain, liver, and kidney. The ketogenic diet changed the bacterial composition of the gut microbiome, which via the gut-brain axis may affect the increase in anxiety behavior and reduce mice mobility. The hydroxycitric acid causes mortality and suppresses mitochondrial biogenesis in the liver. Focal stroke modelling caused a significant decrease in the mtDNA copy number in both ipsilateral and contralateral brain cortex and increased the levels of mtDNA damage in the ipsilateral hemisphere. These alterations were accompanied by a decrease in the expression of some of the genes involved in maintaining mitochondrial quality control. The ketogenic diet consumption before stroke protects mtDNA in the ipsilateral cortex, probably via activation of the Nrf2 signaling. The hydroxycitric acid, on the contrary, increased stroke-induced injury. Thus, the ketogenic diet is the most preferred variant of dietetic intervention for stroke protection compared with the hydroxycitric acid supplementation. Our data confirm some reports about hydroxycitric acid toxicity, not only for the liver but also for the brain under stroke condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem P Gureev
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology, 394036, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Denis N Silachev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina S Sadovnikova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Ekaterina P Krutskikh
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Chernyshova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Daria E Volodina
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Natalia A Samoylova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Daria V Potanina
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology, 394036, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Inna Yu Burakova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology, 394036, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Yuliya D Smirnova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology, 394036, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Vasily N Popov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology, 394036, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia.
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Huang C, Gao X, Shi Y, Guo L, Zhou C, Li N, Chen W, Yang F, Li G, Zhuang Y, Liu P, Hu G, Guo X. Inhibition of Hepatic AMPK Pathway Contributes to Free Fatty Acids-Induced Fatty Liver Disease in Laying Hen. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090825. [PMID: 36144229 PMCID: PMC9502618 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most common causes of liver disease; however, the underlying processes remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the changes of free fatty acids (FFA) on the expression of genes related to the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in the primary hepatocytes of laying hens. The primary hepatocytes of laying hens were treated with FFA (containing a 2:1 ratio of oleic and palmitic acids) for 24 h. FFA significantly increased lipid droplet accumulation, decreased glycogen synthesis, increased the levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glucose content in the supernatant (GLU) in the primary hepatocytes of laying hens, and decreased the levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The results of the PCR array combined with Western blotting experiments showed that the activity of AMPK was inhibited. Inhibition of AMPK signaling pathway decreases the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, increases the expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis, decreases the expression of genes involved in glycogen synthesis, increases the expression of genes involved in glycolysis, increases the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress, and increases the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Taken together, our results suggest that FFA can affect the homeostasis of the AMPK signaling pathway by altering energy metabolic homeostasis, inducing oxidative stress, and adjusting the onset of cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiaona Gao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Lianying Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Changming Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ning Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Guyue Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiaoquan Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-8381-3345
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Desai S, Sharma P, Kashyap P, Choudhary B, Kaur J. Bioactive compounds, bio‐functional properties, and food applications of
Garcinia indica
: A review. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14344. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Desai
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
| | - Poorva Sharma
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
| | - Piyush Kashyap
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
| | | | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
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Zhang X, Hu Y, Ansari AR, Akhtar M, Chen Y, Cheng R, Cui L, Nafady AA, Elokil AA, Abdel-Kafy ESM, Liu H. Caecal microbiota could effectively increase chicken growth performance by regulating fat metabolism. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:844-861. [PMID: 34264533 PMCID: PMC8913871 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been established that gut microbiota influences chicken growth performance and fat metabolism. However, whether gut microbiota affects chicken growth performance by regulating fat metabolism remains unclear. Therefore, seven‐week‐old chickens with high or low body weight were used in the present study. There were significant differences in body weight, breast and leg muscle indices, and cross‐sectional area of muscle cells, suggesting different growth performance. The relative abundance of gut microbiota in the caecal contents at the genus level was compared by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results of LEfSe indicated that high body weight chickens contained Microbacterium and Sphingomonas more abundantly (P < 0.05). In contrast, low body weight chickens contained Slackia more abundantly (P < 0.05). The results of H & E, qPCR, IHC, WB and blood analysis suggested significantly different fat metabolism level in serum, liver, abdominal adipose, breast and leg muscles between high and low body weight chickens. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that fat metabolism positively correlated with the relative abundance of Microbacterium and Sphingomonas while negatively correlated with the abundance of Slackia. Furthermore, faecal microbiota transplantation was performed, which verified that transferring faecal microbiota from adult chickens with high body weight into one‐day‐old chickens improved growth performance and fat metabolism in liver by remodelling the gut microbiota. Overall, these results suggested that gut microbiota could affect chicken growth performance by regulating fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yafang Hu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Abdur Rahman Ansari
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CVAS) Jhang, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Ranran Cheng
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Abdallah A Nafady
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Abdelmotaleb A Elokil
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, 13736, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed M Abdel-Kafy
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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Zheng X, Wang M, Ke Y, Wang Y, Liu T, Li Y, Shan Z, Mi W, Zhou N, Feng W. Processed rehmanniae radix can improve cold syndrome damage of rats by regulating glycolipid metabolism. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_282_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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8
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Chen M, Huang N, Liu J, Huang J, Shi J, Jin F. AMPK: A bridge between diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2020; 400:113043. [PMID: 33307136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis and etiology of diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) share many common cellular and molecular themes. Recently, a growing body of research has shown that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a biomolecule that regulates energy balance and glucose and lipid metabolism, plays key roles in DM and AD. In this review, we summarize the relevant research on the roles of AMPK in DM and AD, including its functions in gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance (IR) and its relationships with amyloid β-protein (Aβ), Tau and AMPK activators. In DM, AMPK is involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and IR. AMPK is closely related to gluconeogenesis, which can not only be activated by the upstream kinases liver kinase B1 (LKB1), transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) but also regulate the downstream kinases glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK), thereby affecting gluconeogenesis and ameliorating DM. Moreover, AMPK can regulate glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and free fatty acids to improve IR. In AD, AMPK can ameliorate abnormal brain energy metabolism, not only by reduces Aβ deposition through β-secretase but also reduces tau hyperphosphorylation through sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Therefore, AMPK is a bridge between DM and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Nanqu Huang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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