1
|
Long J, Xu Y, Zhang X, Wu B, Wang C. Role of FXR in the development of NAFLD and intervention strategies of small molecules. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 757:110024. [PMID: 38703803 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains a prevailing etiological agent behind hepatocyte diseases like chronic liver disease. The spectrum of processes involved in NAFLD stages includes hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Without intervention, the progression of NASH can further deteriorate into cirrhosis and ultimately, hepatocellular carcinoma. The cardinal features that characterize NAFLD are insulin resistance, lipogenesis, oxidative stress and inflammation, extracellular matrix deposition and fibrosis. Due to its complex pathogenesis, existing pharmaceutical agents fail to take a curative or ameliorative effect on NAFLD. Consequently, it is imperative to identify novel therapeutic targets and strategies for NAFLD, ideally to improve the aforementioned key features in patients. As an enterohepatic regulator of bile acid homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and inflammation, FarnesoidX receptor (FXR) is an important pharmacological target for the treatment of NAFLD. Manipulating FXR to regulate lipid metabolic signaling pathways is a potential mechanism to mitigate NAFLD. Therefore, elucidating the modulatory character of FXR in regulating lipid metabolism in NAFLD has the potential to yield groundbreaking perspectives for drug design. This review details recent advances in the regulation of lipid depletion in hepatocytes and investigates the pivotal function of FXR in the progress of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuanhang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xuerong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bingxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Caiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fernández-Arjona MDM, Navarro JA, López-Gambero AJ, de Ceglia M, Rodríguez M, Rubio L, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Barrios V, Chowen JA, Argente J, Rivera P, Suárez J. Sex-based differences in growth-related IGF1 signaling in response to PAPP-A2 deficiency: comparative effects of rhGH, rhIGF1 and rhPAPP-A2 treatments. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:34. [PMID: 38589872 PMCID: PMC11000399 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A2 (PAPP-A2) mutations resulting in low levels of bioactive insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) and progressive postnatal growth retardation have improved growth velocity and height following recombinant human (rh)IGF1 treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate whether Pappa2 deficiency and pharmacological manipulation of GH/IGF1 system are associated with sex-specific differences in growth-related signaling pathways. METHODS Plasma, hypothalamus, pituitary gland and liver of Pappa2ko/ko mice of both sexes, showing reduced skeletal growth, and liver of these mice treated with rhGH, rhIGF1 and rhPAPP-A2 from postnatal day (PND) 5 to PND35 were analyzed. RESULTS Reduced body and femur length of Pappa2ko/ko mice was associated with increases in: (1) components of IGF1 ternary complexes (IGF1, IGFBP5/Igfbp5, Igfbp3, Igfals) in plasma, hypothalamus and/or liver; and (2) key signaling regulators (phosphorylated PI3K, AKT, mTOR, GSK3β, ERK1/2 and AMPKα) in hypothalamus, pituitary gland and/or liver, with Pappa2ko/ko females having a more prominent effect. Compared to rhGH and rhIGF1, rhPAPP-A2 specifically induced: (1) increased body and femur length, and reduced plasma total IGF1 and IGFBP5 concentrations in Pappa2ko/ko females; and (2) increased Igf1 and Igf1r levels and decreased Ghr, Igfbp3 and Igfals levels in the liver of Pappa2ko/ko females. These changes were accompanied by lower phospho-STAT5, phospho-AKT and phospho-ERK2 levels and higher phospho-AMPK levels in the liver of Pappa2ko/ko females. CONCLUSIONS Sex-specific differences in IGF1 system and signaling pathways are associated with Pappa2 deficiency, pointing to rhPAPP-A2 as a promising drug to alleviate postnatal growth retardation underlying low IGF1 bioavailability in a female-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Del Mar Fernández-Arjona
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, Málaga, 29010, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Navarro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, Málaga, 29010, Spain
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús López-Gambero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, Málaga, 29010, Spain
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Marialuisa de Ceglia
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, Málaga, 29010, Spain
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Miguel Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, Málaga, 29010, Spain
- Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 32, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Leticia Rubio
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, Málaga, 29010, Spain
- Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 32, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, Málaga, 29010, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 65, Madrid, 28009, Spain
- La Princesa Research Institute, Madrid, 28009, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 65, Madrid, 28009, Spain
- La Princesa Research Institute, Madrid, 28009, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM & CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 65, Madrid, 28009, Spain.
- La Princesa Research Institute, Madrid, 28009, Spain.
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM & CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, Málaga, 29010, Spain.
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, 29010, Spain.
| | - Juan Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, Málaga, 29010, Spain.
- Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 32, Málaga, 29071, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fang C, Liu S, Yang W, Zheng G, Zhou F, Gao X, Qin L, Yang G, Yang J, Zhu G, Wang X, Huang K, Yang X, Wei Y, Peng S, Li L. Exercise ameliorates lipid droplet metabolism disorder by the PLIN2-LIPA axis-mediated lipophagy in mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167045. [PMID: 38306800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Excessive hepatic lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation-induced lipid metabolism disorder contributes to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Exercise is a promising therapeutic strategy for NAFLD. However, the mechanism by which exercise ameliorates NAFLD through regulating the catabolism of hepatic LDs remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of perilipin2 (PLIN2)-lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA) axis mediating exercise-triggered lipophagy in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mouse model. Our results showed that exercise could reduce HFD-induced hepatic LDs accumulation and change the expression of lipolysis-related enzymes. Moreover, exercise upregulated the expression of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and autophagy-related proteins, and downregulated sequestosome 1 (P62) expression and promoted autophagosomes formation. Interestingly, exercise downregulated PLIN2 expression, upregulated LIPA expression, and increased the activity of hepatic LIPA and serum levels of LIPA in the NAFLD mouse model. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator-5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) treatment significantly increased mRNA levels and protein expression of LIPA and LC3II and decreased levels of PLIN2 and P62 in palmitic acid (PA)-treated HepG2 cells. PLIN2 silencing and LIPA overexpression notably increased the mRNA level and protein expression of LC3II and decreased the mRNA level and protein expression of p62, respectively. In summary, our findings reveal novel insights into the effect of exercise on improving lipid droplet metabolism disorder in NAFLD. Enhancing the PLIN2-LIPA axis-mediated lipophagy may be one of the key mechanisms involved in NAFLD alleviation by exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlu Fang
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Shujing Liu
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Wenqi Yang
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Guohua Zheng
- Institute of leisure, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Sports Training Institute, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Lian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Guirong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Jiapei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Guangming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Xinzhuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Kailing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Xincheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China.
| | - Shuang Peng
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China.
| | - Liangming Li
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bima A, Eldakhakhny B, Alamoudi AA, Awan Z, Alnami A, Abo-Elkhair SM, Sakr H, Ghoneim FM, Elsamanoudy A. Molecular Study of the Protective Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet against Brain Insulin Resistance in an Animal Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1383. [PMID: 37891752 PMCID: PMC10605073 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain insulin resistance is linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS). A low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet has been proposed to have a protective effect. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the brain insulin resistance markers in a rat animal model of MetS and the protective effects of the LCHF diet. Four groups of male rats (10/group) were created. Group I (Control) was fed a regular diet. Groups II-IV were injected with dexamethasone (DEX) to induce MetS. Group II received DEX with a regular diet. Group III (DEX + LCHF) rates were fed a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet, while Group IV (DEX + HCLF) rats were fed a high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HCLF) diet. At the end of the four-week experiment, HOMA-IR was calculated. Moreover, cerebral gene expression analysis of S-100B, BDNF, TNF-α, IGF-1, IGF-1 R, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-5, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 was carried out. In the DEX group, rats showed a significant increase in the HOMA-IR and a decrease in the gene expression of IGF-1, IGF-1 R, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-5, BDNF, and Bcl2, with a concomitant rise in S100B, TNF-α, Bax, and caspase-3. The LCHF diet group showed a significantly opposite effect on all parameters. In conclusion, MetS is associated with dysregulated cerebral gene expression of BDNF, S100B, and TNF-α and disturbed IGF-1 signaling, with increased apoptosis and neuroinflammation. Moreover, the LCHF diet showed a protective effect, as evidenced by preservation of the investigated biochemical and molecular parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhadi Bima
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.A.); (Z.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Basmah Eldakhakhny
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.A.); (Z.A.); (A.A.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliaa A. Alamoudi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.A.); (Z.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Zuhier Awan
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.A.); (Z.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Abrar Alnami
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.A.); (Z.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Salwa Mohamed Abo-Elkhair
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Hussein Sakr
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman;
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Fatma Mohamed Ghoneim
- Faculty Development Unit, Physiological Science and Medical Education Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 23323, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ayman Elsamanoudy
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.A.); (Z.A.); (A.A.)
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baxter RC. Signaling Pathways of the Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:753-778. [PMID: 36974712 PMCID: PMC10502586 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The 6 high-affinity insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are multifunctional proteins that modulate cell signaling through multiple pathways. Their canonical function at the cellular level is to impede access of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-2 to their principal receptor IGF1R, but IGFBPs can also inhibit, or sometimes enhance, IGF1R signaling either through their own post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation or limited proteolysis, or by their interactions with other regulatory proteins. Beyond the regulation of IGF1R activity, IGFBPs have been shown to modulate cell survival, migration, metabolism, and other functions through mechanisms that do not appear to involve the IGF-IGF1R system. This is achieved by interacting directly or functionally with integrins, transforming growth factor β family receptors, and other cell-surface proteins as well as intracellular ligands that are intermediates in a wide range of pathways. Within the nucleus, IGFBPs can regulate the diverse range of functions of class II nuclear hormone receptors and have roles in both cell senescence and DNA damage repair by the nonhomologous end-joining pathway, thus potentially modifying the efficacy of certain cancer therapeutics. They also modulate some immune functions and may have a role in autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. IGFBPs have been proposed as attractive therapeutic targets, but their ubiquity in the circulation and at the cellular level raises many challenges. By understanding the diversity of regulatory pathways with which IGFBPs interact, there may still be therapeutic opportunities based on modulation of IGFBP-dependent signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Baxter
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital,St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jin B, Cheng X, Fei G, Sang S, Zhong C. Identification of diagnostic biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease by integrated bioinformatic analysis and machine learning strategies. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1169620. [PMID: 37434738 PMCID: PMC10331604 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1169620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, and is becoming one of the most burdening and lethal diseases. More useful biomarkers for diagnosing AD and reflecting the disease progression are in need and of significance. Methods The integrated bioinformatic analysis combined with machine-learning strategies was applied for exploring crucial functional pathways and identifying diagnostic biomarkers of AD. Four datasets (GSE5281, GSE131617, GSE48350, and GSE84422) with samples of AD frontal cortex are integrated as experimental datasets, and another two datasets (GSE33000 and GSE44772) with samples of AD frontal cortex were used to perform validation analyses. Functional Correlation enrichment analyses were conducted based on Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and the Reactome database to reveal AD-associated biological functions and key pathways. Four models were employed to screen the potential diagnostic biomarkers, including one bioinformatic analysis of Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA)and three machine-learning algorithms: Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and random forest (RF) analysis. The correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation between the identified biomarkers with CDR scores and Braak staging. Results The pathways of the immune response and oxidative stress were identified as playing a crucial role during AD. Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), early growth response 1 (EGR1), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) were screened as diagnostic markers of AD. The diagnostic efficacy of TXNIP, EGR1, and IGFBP5 was validated with corresponding AUCs of 0.857, 0.888, and 0.856 in dataset GSE33000, 0.867, 0.909, and 0.841 in dataset GSE44770. And the AUCs of the combination of these three biomarkers as a diagnostic tool for AD were 0.954 and 0.938 in the two verification datasets. Conclusion The pathways of immune response and oxidative stress can play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. TXNIP, EGR1, and IGFBP5 are useful biomarkers for diagnosing AD and their mRNA level may reflect the development of the disease by correlation with the CDR scores and Breaking staging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boru Jin
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Fei
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoming Sang
- Shanghai Raising Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.Shanghai, China
| | - Chunjiu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhai M, Zhang C, Cui J, Liu J, Li Y, Xie K, Luo E, Tang C. Electromagnetic fields ameliorate hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress: potential role of CaMKKβ/AMPK/SREBP-1c and Nrf2 pathways. Biomed Eng Online 2023; 22:51. [PMID: 37217972 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, and is related to disturbed lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis. However, a definitive drug treatment has not been approved for this disease. Studies have found that electromagnetic fields (EMF) can ameliorate hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the mechanism remains unclear. METHODS NAFLD models were established by feeding mice a high-fat diet. Simultaneously, EMF exposure is performed. The effects of the EMF on hepatic lipid deposition and oxidative stress were investigated. Additionally, the AMPK and Nrf2 pathways were analysed to confirm whether they were activated by the EMF. RESULTS Exposure to EMF decreased the body weight, liver weight and serum triglyceride (TG) levels and restrained the excessive hepatic lipid accumulation caused by feeding the HFD. The EMF boosted CaMKKβ protein expression, activated AMPK phosphorylation and suppressed mature SREBP-1c protein expression. Meanwhile, the activity of GSH-Px was enhanced following an increase in nuclear Nrf2 protein expression by PEMF. However, no change was observed in the activities of SOD and CAT. Consequently, EMF reduced hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA levels, which means that EMF relieved liver damage caused by oxidative stress in HFD-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS EMF may activate the CaMKKβ/AMPK/SREBP-1c and Nrf2 pathways to control hepatic lipid deposition and oxidative stress. This investigation indicates that EMF may be a novel therapeutic method for NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jinxiu Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuanzhe Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Kangning Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Erping Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Chi Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lv H, Tao F, Peng L, Chen S, Ren Z, Chen J, Yu B, Wei H, Wan C. In Vitro Probiotic Properties of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis SF and Its Alleviating Effect on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061355. [PMID: 36986084 PMCID: PMC10053994 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease with many influencing factors. With the increasing role of the gut–liver axis in various liver diseases, research on the prevention and treatment of NAFLD with probiotics is increasing. In the present study, a Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. strain, B. lactis SF, was isolated from the feces of healthy infants and characterized by sequencing of the 16S rDNA. A systematic probiotic evaluation was carried out, and a diet-induced mouse model was constructed to study the effect and mechanism of B. lactis SF on diet-induced NAFLD. Results show that B. lactis SF has excellent gastrointestinal fluid tolerance and intestinal colonization, and strong antibacterial and antioxidant capabilities. In vivo, B. lactis SF modulated intestinal flora, restored the intestinal barrier, and inhibited LPS entrance into the portal circulation, which subsequently inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB and modulated the PI3K-Akt/AMPK signaling pathway, attenuated the inflammatory response, and reduced lipid accumulation. In addition, B. lactis SF attenuated oxidative stress and further alleviated autophagy, resulting in an ameliorative effect on NAFLD. Therefore, our study provides a new dietary method for the treatment of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (H.L.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (Z.R.); (J.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Feiyue Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (H.L.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (Z.R.); (J.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Lingling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (H.L.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (Z.R.); (J.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Shufang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (H.L.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (Z.R.); (J.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Zhongyue Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (H.L.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (Z.R.); (J.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Jiahui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (H.L.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (Z.R.); (J.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Bo Yu
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China;
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (H.L.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (Z.R.); (J.C.); (H.W.)
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China;
| | - Cuixiang Wan
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-8833-4578; Fax: +86-791-8833-3708
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fang QL, Qiao X, Yin XQ, Zeng YC, Du CH, Xue YM, Zhao XJ, Hu CY, Huang F, Lin YP. Flavonoids from Scutellaria amoena C. H. Wright alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and regulate oxidative stress via Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis in rats with high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114160. [PMID: 36571996 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is among the most common liver diseases in the world. Flavonoids from Scutellaria amoena (SAF) are used in the treatment of hepatopathy in China. However, the effect and mechanism against NASH remain unclear. We investigated the alleviating effect of SAF on NASH via regulating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. METHODS The effects of SAF on NASH were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo methods. L02 cells were induced by fat emulsion to establish an adipocytes model, followed by treatment with SAF for 24 h. NASH rat models were established by the administration of a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and were administered SAF for six weeks. Changes in body weight, organ indexes, lipid levels, inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial indicators, and fatty acid metabolism were investigated. RESULTS SAF significantly improved body weight, organ indexes, lipid levels, liver injury, and inflammatory infiltration in NASH rats. SAF notably regulated interleukin-6, tumor necrotic factor-alpha, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Additionally, SAF improved mitochondrial dysfunction, increased the levels of GSH, SOD, ATP synthase, complex I and II, and decreased the level of MDA in liver mitochondria. SAF regulated the expression of β-oxidation genes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor -gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1) A, CPT1B, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and PPARα. CONCLUSION SAF can alleviate NASH by regulating mitochondrial function and oxidative stress via the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-Lian Fang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xun-Qing Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yong-Cheng Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng-Hong Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yong-Mei Xue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Chun-Yan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Feng Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.
| | - Yu-Ping Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kaserman JE, Werder RB, Wang F, Matte T, Higgins MI, Dodge M, Lindstrom-Vautrin J, Bawa P, Hinds A, Bullitt E, Caballero IS, Shi X, Gerszten RE, Brunetti-Pierri N, Liesa M, Villacorta-Martin C, Hollenberg AN, Kotton DN, Wilson AA. Human iPSC-hepatocyte modeling of alpha-1 antitrypsin heterozygosity reveals metabolic dysregulation and cellular heterogeneity. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111775. [PMID: 36476855 PMCID: PMC9780780 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals homozygous for the "Z" mutation in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency are known to be at increased risk for liver disease. It has also become clear that some degree of risk is similarly conferred by the heterozygous state. A lack of model systems that recapitulate heterozygosity in human hepatocytes has limited the ability to study the impact of a single Z alpha-1 antitrypsin (ZAAT) allele on hepatocyte biology. Here, we describe the derivation of syngeneic induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) engineered to determine the effects of ZAAT heterozygosity in iPSC-hepatocytes (iHeps). We find that heterozygous MZ iHeps exhibit an intermediate disease phenotype and share with ZZ iHeps alterations in AAT protein processing and downstream perturbations including altered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial morphology, reduced mitochondrial respiration, and branch-specific activation of the unfolded protein response in cell subpopulations. Our model of MZ heterozygosity thus provides evidence that a single Z allele is sufficient to disrupt hepatocyte homeostatic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Kaserman
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA,The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Rhiannon B. Werder
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Feiya Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Taylor Matte
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Michelle I. Higgins
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mark Dodge
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jonathan Lindstrom-Vautrin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Pushpinder Bawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anne Hinds
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Esther Bullitt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ignacio S. Caballero
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xu Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Robert E. Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marc Liesa
- Departments of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Villacorta-Martin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anthony N. Hollenberg
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Darrell N. Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA,The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Andrew A. Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA,The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Waters JA, Urbano I, Robinson M, House CD. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5: Diverse roles in cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1052457. [PMID: 36465383 PMCID: PMC9714447 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1052457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) and the associated signaling components in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion. Of the IGFBPs, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) is the most evolutionarily conserved with a dynamic range of IGF-dependent and -independent functions, and studies on the actions of IGFBP5 in cancer have been somewhat paradoxical. In cancer, the IGFBPs respond to external stimuli to modulate disease progression and therapeutic responsiveness in a context specific manner. This review discusses the different roles of IGF signaling and IGFBP5 in disease with an emphasis on discoveries within the last twenty years, which underscore a need to clarify the IGF-independent actions of IGFBP5, the impact of its subcellular localization, the differential activities of each of the subdomains, and the response to elements of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Additionally, recent advances addressing the role of IGFBP5 in resistance to cancer therapeutics will be discussed. A better understanding of the contexts in which IGFBP5 functions will facilitate the discovery of new mechanisms of cancer progression that may lead to novel therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Waters
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ixchel Urbano
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mikella Robinson
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Carrie D. House
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States,Moore’s Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Carrie D. House,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abudujilile D, Wang W, Aimaier A, Chang L, Dong Y, Wang Y, Fan X, Ma Y, Wang Y, Ziyayiding D, Ma Y, Lv J, Li J. Cistanche tubulosa phenylethanoid glycosides suppressed adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and improved obesity and insulin resistance in high-fat diet induced obese mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:270. [PMID: 36229811 PMCID: PMC9564091 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03743-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cistanche tubulosa is an editable and medicinal traditional Chinese herb and phenylethanoid glycosides are its major components, which have shown various beneficial effects such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidant and neuroprotective activities. However, the anti-obesity effect of C. tubulosa phenylethanoid glycosides (CTPG) and their regulatory effect on gut microbiota are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated its anti-obesity effect and regulatory effect on gut microbiota by 3T3-L1 cell model and obesity mouse model. Methods 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used to evaluate CTPG effects on adipogenesis and lipids accumulation. Insulin resistant 3T3-L1 cells were induced and used to measure CTPG effects on glucose consumption and insulin sensitivity. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6 obese mice were used to investigate CTPG effects on fat deposition, glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and intestinal microorganism. Results In vitro data showed that CTPG significantly decreased the triglyceride (TG) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) contents of the differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner without cytotoxicity, and high concentration (100 µg/ml) of CTPG treatment dramatically suppressed the level of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. Meanwhile, CTPG increased glucose consumption and decreased NEFA level in insulin resistant 3T3-L1 cells. We further found that CTPG protected mice from the development of obesity by inhibiting the expansion of adipose tissue and adipocyte hypertrophy, and improved hepatic steatosis by activating AMPKα to reduce hepatic fat accumulation. CTPG ameliorated HFD-induced hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, inflammation and insulin resistance by activating IRS1/Akt/GLUT4 insulin signaling pathway in white adipose tissue. Moreover, gut microbiota structure and metabolic functions in HFD-induced obese mice was changed by CTPG, especially short chain fatty acids-producing bacteria including Blautia, Roseburia, Butyrivibrio and Bacteriodes were significantly increased by CTPG treatment. Conclusions CTPG effectively suppressed adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and ameliorated HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance through activating AMPKα and IRS1/AKT/GLUT4 signaling pathway and regulating the composition and metabolic functions of gut microbiota. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03743-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilinazi Abudujilile
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Weilan Wang
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Alimu Aimaier
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Lili Chang
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Yuliang Dong
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Yiye Wang
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Xu Fan
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Yu Ma
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Yongli Wang
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Dilinigeer Ziyayiding
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Yuan Ma
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Jie Lv
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Jinyao Li
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Blaj I, Tetens J, Bennewitz J, Thaller G, Falker-Gieske C. Structural variants and tandem repeats in the founder individuals of four F 2 pig crosses and implications to F 2 GWAS results. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:631. [PMID: 36057580 PMCID: PMC9440560 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural variants and tandem repeats are relevant sources of genomic variation that are not routinely analyzed in genome wide association studies mainly due to challenging identification and genotyping. Here, we profiled these variants via state-of-the-art strategies in the founder animals of four F2 pig crosses using whole-genome sequence data (20x coverage). The variants were compared at a founder level with the commonly screened SNPs and small indels. At the F2 level, we carried out an association study using imputed structural variants and tandem repeats with four growth and carcass traits followed by a comparison with a previously conducted SNPs and small indels based association study. RESULTS A total of 13,201 high confidence structural variants and 103,730 polymorphic tandem repeats (with a repeat length of 2-20 bp) were profiled in the founders. We observed a moderate to high (r from 0.48 to 0.57) level of co-localization between SNPs or small indels and structural variants or tandem repeats. In the association step 56.56% of the significant variants were not in high LD with significantly associated SNPs and small indels identified for the same traits in the earlier study and thus presumably not tagged in case of a standard association study. For the four growth and carcass traits investigated, many of the already proposed candidate genes in our previous studies were confirmed and additional ones were identified. Interestingly, a common pattern on how structural variants or tandem repeats regulate the phenotypic traits emerged. Many of the significant variants were embedded or nearby long non-coding RNAs drawing attention to their functional importance. Through which specific mechanisms the identified long non-coding RNAs and their associated structural variants or tandem repeats contribute to quantitative trait variation will need further investigation. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides insights into the characteristics of structural variants and tandem repeats and their role in association studies. A systematic incorporation of these variants into genome wide association studies is advised. While not of immediate interest for genomic prediction purposes, this will be particularly beneficial for elucidating biological mechanisms driving the complex trait variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Blaj
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Jens Tetens
- Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörn Bennewitz
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Breeding, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Georg Thaller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang X, Gao Y, Cao H, Li J, Mo S, Li T, Wu J, Guo K, Wei R, Zhang K. Effects of scoparone on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease revealed by RNA sequencing. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1004284. [PMID: 36157436 PMCID: PMC9500212 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1004284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Scoparone (SCO) is known to have curative effect of alleviating liver injury. The purpose of this study was to observe the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of SCO against high-fat diet (HFD) induced non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) through in vivo experiments and RNA sequencing. Male Kunming mice were fed with HFD for 8 weeks to establish a mouse model of NAFLD, and SCO was used to treat NAFLD. Histopathology and biochemical indicators were used to evaluate the liver injury and the efficacy of SCO. RNA sequencing analysis was performed to elucidate the hepatoprotective mechanism of SCO. Finally, the differentially expressed genes of cholesterol synthesis and fatty acid (triglyceride) synthesis pathways were verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The histopathological results showed that HFD could lead to significant steatosis in mice, while SCO could alleviate liver steatosis remarkably in NAFLD mice. The determination of biochemical indicators showed that SCO could inhibit the increased serum transaminase activity and liver lipid level induced by HFD. RNA sequencing analysis of liver tissues found that 2742 and 3663 genes were significantly changed by HFD and SCO, respectively. SCO reversed the most of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis and fatty acid (triglyceride) metabolism induced by HFD. the results of the validation experiment were mostly consistent with the RNA sequencing. SCO alleviated liver injury and steatosis in NAFLD mice, which may be closely related to the regulation of cholesterol and fatty acid (triglyceride) metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Huang
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Houkang Cao
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siyi Mo
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Ting Li
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jianzhao Wu
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Riming Wei
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Riming Wei, ; Kefeng Zhang,
| | - Kefeng Zhang
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Riming Wei, ; Kefeng Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mu JK, Zi L, Li YQ, Yu LP, Cui ZG, Shi TT, Zhang F, Gu W, Hao JJ, Yu J, Yang XX. Jiuzhuan Huangjing Pills relieve mitochondrial dysfunction and attenuate high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112092. [PMID: 34449316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a common global chronic liver disease. Jiuzhuan Huangjing Pills (JHP) have been used for the treatment of human disease for over a thousand years, but their efficacy and underlying mechanism(s) of action against MAFLD are unknown. We investigated the alleviating effects of JHP on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MAFLD. METHODS In vitro and in vivo methods were used to evaluate the effects of JHP on MAFLD. L02 adipocyte models were induced by fat emulsion and adipocytes were treated with JHP for 24 h. MAFLD rat models were induced by HFD-feeding and were intragastrically administered JHP for 12 weeks. Changes in fat accumulation, L02 cell damage, body weight, food intake, histological parameters, organ indexes, biochemical parameters, and mitochondrial indicators including ultrastructure, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism were investigated. RESULTS JHP attenuated the increase in levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase levels, and significantly increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol. JHP up-regulated levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and down-regulated malondialdehyde (MDA). JHP afforded protection to the mitochondrial ultrastructure, and inhibited the HFD-induced increase in MDA and the reduction of SOD, GSH, ATP synthase, and complex I and II, in liver mitochondria. JHP regulated the expression of β-oxidation genes, including acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, cyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α and peroxide proliferator activated receptor α. CONCLUSION JHP alleviates HFD-induced MAFLD through the protection of mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Kang Mu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Zi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yan-Qin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li-Ping Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Science, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji 910-1193, Japan
| | - Ting-Ting Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wen Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun-Jie Hao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xing-Xin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li L, Li Q, Huang W, Han Y, Tan H, An M, Xiang Q, Zhou R, Yang L, Cheng Y. Dapagliflozin Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis by Restoring Autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:589273. [PMID: 34093169 PMCID: PMC8176308 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.589273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a newly approved oral hypoglycaemic agent, the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin, which is derived from the natural product phlorizin can effectively reduce blood glucose. Recent clinical studies have found that dapagliflozin alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the specific mechanism remains to be explored. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of dapagliflozin in alleviating hepatocyte steatosis in vitro and in vivo. We fed the spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus rats with high-fat diets and cultured human normal liver LO2 cells and human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells with palmitic acid (PA) to induce hepatocellular steatosis. Dapagliflozin attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation both in vitro and in vivo. In Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, dapagliflozin reduced hepatic lipid accumulation via promoting phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), and upregulating lipid β-oxidation enzyme acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1). Furthermore, dapagliflozin increased the expression of the autophagy-related markers LC3B and Beclin1, in parallel with a drop in p62 level. Similar effects were observed in PA-stimulated LO2 cells and HepG2 cells. Dapagliflozin treatment could also significantly activated AMPK and reduced the phosphorylation of mTOR in ZDF rats and PA-stimulated LO2 cells and HepG2 cells. We demonstrated that dapagliflozin ameliorates hepatic steatosis by decreasing lipogenic enzyme, while inducing fatty acid oxidation enzyme and autophagy, which could be associated with AMPK activation. Moreover, our results indicate that dapagliflozin induces autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR pathway. These findings reveal a novel clinical application and functional mechanism of dapagliflozin in the treatment of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuran Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibing Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiting Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min An
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianru Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nutrition, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanzhen Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cleveland BM, Habara S, Oikawa J, Radler LM, Shimizu M. Compensatory Response of the Somatotropic Axis from IGFBP-2b Gene Editing in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121488. [PMID: 33322039 PMCID: PMC7763687 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rainbow trout with gene editing-induced reductions in serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-2b exhibit similar growth performance compared to fish without IGFBP-2b gene disruption. The objective of this study is to determine how the components of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/IGFBP system respond to a reduction in serum IGFBP-2b abundance. Editing the IGFBP-2b genes in rainbow trout resulted in an 83% decrease in serum IGFBP-2b in mutants. This resulted in a 35% reduction in serum IGF-I, which was offset by reduced expression of hepatic igfbp-1a2 and increased muscle igfr-1a; these responses suggest that an increased IGF-I signaling capacity offset reductions in serum IGF-I. During feed deprivation, the differential expression of igfbp genes supports the attenuation of the growth inhibitory response, likely due to the further reduction in serum IGF-I that alleviated the need for an IGF-inhibitory response. Unique igfbp expression patterns occurred during refeeding, suggesting an enhanced IGF-I signaling capacity in controls. Collectively, these findings support that the role of IGFBP-2b is to regulate serum IGF-I concentrations. The compensatory regulation of IGF/IGFBP system genes indicates that adjustments in other IGFBP, both circulating and at the local level, maintain IGF-I signaling at a level appropriate for the nutritional state of the fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beth M. Cleveland
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Leetown, WV 25430, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1304-724-8340 (ext. 2133)
| | - Shiori Habara
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan; (S.H.); (J.O.)
| | - Jin Oikawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan; (S.H.); (J.O.)
| | - Lisa M. Radler
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Leetown, WV 25430, USA;
| | - Munetaka Shimizu
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|