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Fatahi N, Jafari-Sabet M, Vahabzadeh G, Komaki A. Role of hippocampal and prefrontal cortical cholinergic transmission in combination therapy valproate and cannabidiol in memory consolidation in rats: involvement of CREB- BDNF signaling pathways. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5029-5047. [PMID: 38189934 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cognitive disorders are associated with valproate and drugs used to treat neuropsychological diseases. Cannabidiol (CBD) has beneficial effects on cognitive function. This study examined the effects of co-administration of CBD and valproate on memory consolidation, cholinergic transmission, and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HPC). METHODS One-trial, step-through inhibitory test was used to evaluate memory consolidation in rats. The intra-CA1 injection of physostigmine and atropine was performed to assess the role of cholinergic transmission in this co-administration. Phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB)/CREB ratio and BDNF levels in the PFC and HPC were evaluated. RESULTS Post-training intraperitoneal (i.p.) valproate injection reduced memory consolidation; however, post-training co-administration of CBD with valproate ameliorated memory impairment induced by valproate. Post-training intra-CA1 injection of physostigmine at the ineffective doses in memory consolidation (0.5 and 1 µg/rat), plus injection of 10 mg/kg of CBD as an ineffective dose, improved memory loss induced by valproate, which was associated with BDNF and p-CREB level enhancement in the PFC and HPC. Conversely, post-training intra-CA1 injection of ineffective doses of atropine (1 and 2 µg/rat) reduced the positive effects of injection of CBD at a dose of 20 mg/kg on valproate-induced memory loss associated with BDNF and p-CREB level reduction in the PFC and HPC. CONCLUSION The results indicated a beneficial interplay between valproate and CBD in the process of memory consolidation, which probably creates this interaction through the BDNF-CREB signaling pathways in the cholinergic transmission of the PFC and HPC regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Fatahi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Jafari-Sabet
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
- Razi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gelareh Vahabzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Razi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Traina G, Tuszynski JA. The Neurotransmission Basis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders by the Fear Conditioning Paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16327. [PMID: 38003517 PMCID: PMC10671801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fear conditioning constitutes the best and most reproducible paradigm to study the neurobiological mechanisms underlying emotions. On the other hand, studies on the synaptic plasticity phenomena underlying fear conditioning present neural circuits enforcing this learning pattern related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Notably, in both humans and the rodent model, fear conditioning and context rely on dependent neurocircuitry in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, and hippocampus. In this review, an overview of the role that classical neurotransmitters play in the contextual conditioning model of fear, and therefore in PTSD, was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Traina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Romana, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Jack A. Tuszynski
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
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Tamman AJF, Wendt FR, Pathak GA, Krystal JH, Southwick SM, Sippel LM, Gelernter J, Polimanti R, Pietrzak RH. Attachment Style Moderates Polygenic Risk for Incident Posttraumatic Stress in U.S. Military Veterans: A 7-Year, Nationally Representative, Prospective Cohort Study. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:637-646. [PMID: 34955171 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops consequent to complex gene-by-environment interactions beyond the precipitating trauma. To date, however, no known study has used a prospective design to examine how polygenic risk scores (PRSs) interact with social-environmental factors such as attachment style to predict PTSD development. METHODS PRSs were derived from a genome-wide association study of PTSD symptoms (N = 186,689; Million Veteran Program cohort). We evaluated combined effects of PRS and attachment style in predicting incident PTSD in a 7-year, nationally representative cohort of trauma-exposed, European-American U.S. military veterans without PTSD (N = 1083). We also conducted multivariate gene-by-environment interaction and drug repositioning analyses to identify loci that interact with multiple environmental factors and potential pharmacotherapies that may be repurposed for this disorder. RESULTS Veterans with higher PTSD PRS were more likely to have an incident-positive screen for PTSD over 7 years. A gene-by-environment interaction was also observed, such that higher PRS only predicted incident PTSD in veterans with an insecure attachment style and not those with a secure attachment style. At an individual locus level, the strongest gene-by-environment interaction was observed for the rs4702 variant of the FURIN gene with cumulative lifetime trauma burden. Drug repositioning revealed that genes implicated in PRS are perturbated by the drug doxylamine. CONCLUSIONS Attachment style moderates polygenic risk for the development of PTSD in European-American veterans. These findings may inform PTSD prevention and treatment for veterans with high polygenic risk for PTSD and suggest a potential pharmacotherapeutic target for risk genes moderated by social-environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J F Tamman
- Department of Psychology, St John's University, Queens, New York; Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Frank R Wendt
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gita A Pathak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Clinical Neurosciences Division, National Center for PTSD, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Steven M Southwick
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lauren M Sippel
- Executive Division, National Center for PTSD, White River Junction, Vermont; Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut; Clinical Neurosciences Division, National Center for PTSD, West Haven, Connecticut
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Mohammadi-Farani A, Limoee M, Shirooie S. Sodium butyrate enhances fear extinction and rescues hippocampal acetylcholinesterase activity in a rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:413-421. [PMID: 33883448 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
It is believed that impaired extinction of fear memories is an underlying cause for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are enzymes that modulate extinction by changing the chromatin structure and altering protein synthesis in the brain. Studies show that stress modifies both HDAC activity and cerebral cholinergic neurotransmission. The present work aims to evaluate the effect of sodium butyrate (NaBu), an HDAC inhibitor, on behavioral markers of extinction and biochemical changes in HDAC and acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus. NaBu was administered for 7 days in a group of rats that were exposed to single prolonged stress (SPS), as a model for PTSD. Contextual fear conditioning was performed on the 8th day, and fear extinction was measured in the next 4 consecutive days. Other behavioral tests to measure anxiety, locomotor activity and working memory were performed for further interpretation of the results. Hippocampal acetylcholinesterase and HDAC activity were also measured through biochemical tests. Behavioral results showed that treatment with NaBu can reverse the SPS-induced extinction deficits. Biochemical data indicated that while SPS induced overactivity in hippocampal HDAC, it decreased acetylcholinesterase activity in the region. Both effects were reversed after NaBu treatment. It seems that at least part of extinction deficiency in SPS exposed rats is related to hypoacetylation of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampus. Preemptive therapy with an HDAC inhibitor reverses this process and is worth further evaluation as a possible therapeutic approach in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mohammadi-Farani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Health Institute
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy
| | - Mazdak Limoee
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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USLU ZSAGIM. Recent advancements in behavioral testing in rodents. MethodsX 2021; 8:101536. [PMID: 35004195 PMCID: PMC8720839 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2021.101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Vaseghi S, Nasehi M, Zarrindast MR. How do stupendous cannabinoids modulate memory processing via affecting neurotransmitter systems? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:173-221. [PMID: 33171142 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we wanted to review the role of cannabinoids in learning and memory in animal models, with respect to their interaction effects with six principal neurotransmitters involved in learning and memory including dopamine, glutamate, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), serotonin, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline. Cannabinoids induce a wide-range of unpredictable effects on cognitive functions, while their mechanisms are not fully understood. Cannabinoids in different brain regions and in interaction with different neurotransmitters, show diverse responses. Previous findings have shown that cannabinoids agonists and antagonists induce various unpredictable effects such as similar effect, paradoxical effect, or dualistic effect. It should not be forgotten that brain neurotransmitter systems can also play unpredictable roles in mediating cognitive functions. Thus, we aimed to review and discuss the effect of cannabinoids in interaction with neurotransmitters on learning and memory. In addition, we mentioned to the type of interactions between cannabinoids and neurotransmitter systems. We suggested that investigating the type of interactions is a critical neuropharmacological issue that should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang Y, Cao X, Wang P, Wang G, Lei G, Shou Z, Xie S, Huang F, Luo N, Luo M, Bian Y, Zhang J, Xiao Q. Emotional "inflection point" in public health emergencies with the 2019 new coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in China. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:797-803. [PMID: 32738664 PMCID: PMC7369017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of the new coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in Wuhan, Hubei, has caused very serious consequences and severely affected people's lives and mental health. The outbreak will cause bad emotions such as tension, anxiety, fear, and so on. College students who have returned home from school face infection, isolation, and delay in starting school, and thus, their emotional stress should be observed. METHODS This study used self-designed questionnaires and artificial intelligence (AI) to assess and analyze the emotional state of over 30,000 college students during the outbreak period in January (T1) and home quarantine in February (T2). This survey used online questionnaire (www.wjx.cn) to investigate the emotion information of college students. RESULTS In the T1 survey, the "Typhoon Eye Effect" appeared. College students in Hubei are calmer than those outside Hubei in T1. However, in T2, an emotional "infection point" appeared, there was an "Exposure Effect", the negative emotions of students in Hubei largely increased and became higher than students outside Hubei. CONCLUSION This survey found that there is an emotional "infection point" in February among college students, especially in the Hubei area. College students in Hubei are calmer than those outside Hubei in T1. In contrast, college students in Hubei were more nervous and scared than those outside Hubei in T2. This epidemic has caused the students to experience significant pressure and negative emotions. Therefore, universities and society should pay attention to their emotional adjustment, there are some suggestions such as establish the mental health organizations, test students' emotion status regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Educational Science, Central China Think Tank, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaochen Cao
- School of Educational Science, Central China Think Tank, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine in The Seventh Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, Guangzhou, China; Institute of medical robots of Shang Hai Jiao Tong University, Shang Hai, China.
| | - Guixiang Wang
- School of Educational Science, Central China Think Tank, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; City of College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanghui Lei
- Center of Student Development Research and Guidance, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhexing Shou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Simiao Xie
- School of Educational Science, Central China Think Tank, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Educational Science, Central China Think Tank, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Luo
- School of Educational Science, Central China Think Tank, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyan Luo
- School of Educational Science, Central China Think Tank, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueran Bian
- School of Educational Science, Central China Think Tank, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Center of Student Development Research and Guidance, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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