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Yin L, Ying L, Guo R, Hao M, Liang Y, Bi Y, Chen Y, Yu C, Yang Z. Ligustilide induces apoptosis and reduces proliferation in human bladder cancer cells by NFκB1 and mitochondria pathway. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:1252-1261. [PMID: 36751909 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Ligustilide (LIG), the bioactive constituent of Angelica sinensis, may exert potential benefits in cancer treatment. However, the potential mechanism of LIG in the suppression of bladder cancer (BC) has not been reported yet. This study uncovered the inhibitory effect of LIG on the proliferation and cell cycle arrest of BC cells (T24 and EJ-1) along with unveiling the underlying molecular mechanism. The IC50 values of LIG-treated T24 for 24 and 48 h are 39.91 μg/mL (209.8 μM) and 40.94 μg/mL (215.2 μM) separately. The same conditions, the IC50 values of EJ-1 are 45.73 μg/mL (240.4 μM) and 43.81 μg/mL (230.3 μM), separately. Additionally, LIG induced apoptosis and cycle arrest of T24 and EJ-1 cells in sub-G1 phase. Further studies showed that LIG induced apoptosis of BC cells by upregulating Caspase-8, truncated BID (tBID) and BAX proteins, and downregulating NFκB1 (p50) protein. In conclusion, LIG significantly inhibits the growth of BC cells in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis and is inexpensive, making it a promising candidate for novel anti-BC drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Yin
- Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Ying
- Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxuan Hao
- Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Youfeng Liang
- Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Bi
- Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Urology, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Changyuan Yu
- Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
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Ligustilide Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis by Downregulating VEGFA Secretion from Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Prostate Cancer via TLR4. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102406. [PMID: 35626012 PMCID: PMC9140166 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
CAFs secrete VEGFA in the tumor microenvironment to induce angiogenesis and promote tumor growth. The downregulation of VEGFA secretion from CAFs helps block angiogenesis and exerts an anti-tumor effect. In vivo experiments showed that the angiogenesis of the tumor-bearing mice in the ligustilide group was significantly reduced. The results of MTT, tube formation, Transwell and scratch experiments showed that ligustilide did not affect the proliferation of HUVECs in a certain concentration range (<60 μM), but it inhibited the proliferation, tube formation and migration of HUVECs induced by CAFs. At this concentration, ligustilide did not inhibit CAF proliferation. The qPCR and WB results revealed that ligustilide downregulated the level of VEGFA in CAFs via the TLR4-ERK/JNK/p38 signaling pathway, and the effect was attenuated by blockers of the above molecules. Ligustilide also downregulated the autocrine VEGFA of HUVECs induced by CAFs, which inhibited angiogenesis more effectively. In addition, ligustilide inhibited glycolysis and HIF-1 expression in CAFs. Overall, ligustilide downregulated the VEGFA level in CAFs via the TLR4-ERK/JNK/p38 signaling pathway and inhibited the promotion of angiogenesis. This study provides a new strategy for the anti-tumor effect of natural active molecules, namely, blockade of angiogenesis, and provides a new candidate molecule for blocking angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment.
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