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Mousavi S, Qiu H, Andrews MT, Checco JW. Peptidomic Analysis Reveals Seasonal Neuropeptide and Peptide Hormone Changes in the Hypothalamus and Pituitary of a Hibernating Mammal. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2569-2581. [PMID: 37395621 PMCID: PMC10529138 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During the winter, hibernating mammals undergo extreme changes in physiology, which allow them to survive several months without access to food. These animals enter a state of torpor, which is characterized by decreased metabolism, near-freezing body temperatures, and a dramatically reduced heart rate. The neurochemical basis of this regulation is largely unknown. Based on prior evidence suggesting that the peptide-rich hypothalamus plays critical roles in hibernation, we hypothesized that changes in specific cell-cell signaling peptides (neuropeptides and peptide hormones) underlie physiological changes during torpor/arousal cycles. To test this hypothesis, we used a mass spectrometry-based peptidomics approach to examine seasonal changes of endogenous peptides that occur in the hypothalamus and pituitary of a model hibernating mammal, the thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). In the pituitary, we observed changes in several distinct peptide hormones as animals prepared for torpor in October, exited torpor in March, and progressed from spring (March) to fall (August). In the hypothalamus, we observed an overall increase in neuropeptides in October (pre-torpor), a decrease as the animal entered torpor, and an increase in a subset of neuropeptides during normothermic interbout arousals. Notable changes were observed for feeding regulatory peptides, opioid peptides, and several peptides without well-established functions. Overall, our study provides critical insight into changes in endogenous peptides in the hypothalamus and pituitary during mammalian hibernation that were not available from transcriptomic measurements. Understanding the molecular basis of the hibernation phenotype may pave the way for future efforts to employ hibernation-like strategies for organ preservation, combating obesity, and treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mousavi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Haowen Qiu
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
- The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Matthew T. Andrews
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - James W. Checco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
- The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
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Zhang R, Chen M, Deng Z, Kong L, Shen B, Zhang L. Delta Opioid Peptide Targets Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Reducing Apoptosis to Relieve Hypoxia-Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010046. [PMID: 36678674 PMCID: PMC9861451 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death. (D-ala2, D-leu5) enkephalin (DADLE) is a synthetic peptide and highly selective delta opioid receptor (δOR) agonist that has exhibited protective properties in ischemia. However, the specific target and mechanism are still unclear. The present study explores the expression of δOR on brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and whether DADLE could relieve I/R-induced injury by reducing apoptosis. A lateral ventricular injection of DADLE for pretreatment, the neurofunctional behavior score, and TTC staining, were used to evaluate the protective effect of DADLE. Immunofluorescence technology was used to label different types of cells with apoptosis-positive signals to test co-localization status. Primary cultured BMECs were separated and treated with DADLE, accompanied by OGD/R. The CCK-8 test was conducted to evaluate cell viability and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-end Labelling (TUNEL) staining to test apoptosis levels. The levels of apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. The co-localization results showed that BMECs, but not astrocytes, microglia, or neurons, presented mostly TUNEL-positive signals, especially in the Dentate gyrus (DG) area of the hippocampus. Either activation of δORs on rats' brains or primary BMECs mainly reduce cellular apoptosis and relieve the injury. Interference with the expression δOR could block this effect. DADLE also significantly increased levels of Bcl-2 and reduced levels of Bax. δOR's expressions can be detected on the BMECs, but not on the HEK293 cells, by Western blotting and IFC. Therefore, DADLE exerts a cytoprotective effect, primarily under hypoxia-ischemic injury/reperfusion conditions, by targeting BMECs to inhibit apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Meixuan Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhongfang Deng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lingchao Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lesha Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Correspondence:
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Simats A, Ramiro L, Valls R, de Ramón H, García-Rodríguez P, Orset C, Artigas L, Sardon T, Rosell A, Montaner J. Ceruletide and Alpha-1 Antitrypsin as a Novel Combination Therapy for Ischemic Stroke. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:513-527. [PMID: 35226340 PMCID: PMC9226209 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Beyond the approved thrombolytic therapies, there is no effective treatment to mitigate its progression. Drug repositioning combinational therapies are becoming promising approaches to identify new uses of existing drugs to synergically target multiple disease-response mechanisms underlying complex pathologies. Here, we used a systems biology-based approach based on artificial intelligence and pattern recognition tools to generate in silico mathematical models mimicking the ischemic stroke pathology. Combinational treatments were acquired by screening these models with more than 5 million two-by-two combinations of drugs. A drug combination (CA) formed by ceruletide and alpha-1 antitrypsin showing a predicted value of neuroprotection of 92% was evaluated for their synergic neuroprotective effects in a mouse pre-clinical stroke model. The administration of both drugs in combination was safe and effective in reducing by 39.42% the infarct volume 24 h after cerebral ischemia. This neuroprotection was not observed when drugs were given individually. Importantly, potential incompatibilities of the drug combination with tPA thrombolysis were discarded in vitro and in vivo by using a mouse thromboembolic stroke model with t-PA-induced reperfusion, revealing an improvement in the forepaw strength 72 h after stroke in CA-treated mice. Finally, we identified the predicted mechanisms of action of ceruletide and alpha-1 antitrypsin and we demonstrated that CA modulates EGFR and ANGPT-1 levels in circulation within the acute phase after stroke. In conclusion, we have identified a promising combinational treatment with neuroprotective effects for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Simats
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Laura Ramiro
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | | | - Helena de Ramón
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Paula García-Rodríguez
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Cyrille Orset
- Inserm UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Université Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | | | | | - Anna Rosell
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.
- Stroke Research Program, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.
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