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Almada L, Santos L, Freitas K, Rodrigues J, Diniz E, Mazini-Filho M, Leitão L, Pereira E, Oliveira C, Moreira O. Effect of Detraining on Muscle Strength, Functional Capacity, Mental Health, and Body Composition in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:900. [PMID: 39063477 PMCID: PMC11277164 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21070900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a condition that significantly affects the quality of life (QoL) of individuals, causing motor, physiological, social, and psychological impairments. Physical exercise plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and functional capacity of these individuals, helping to minimize the negative impacts of SCI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of detraining (DT) (reduction or cessation of physical exercise) during the pandemic on five individuals with thoracic SCI. We assessed muscle strength using strength tests, functional capacity using a functional agility test, mental health using anxiety and depression inventories, and body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The results after 33 months of DT showed significant losses in functional agility and MS, as well as a worsening in symptoms of anxiety and depression. It was observed that total body mass and fat mass (FM) exhibited varied behaviors among the individuals. Similarly, the results for lean body mass were heterogeneous, with one participant showing significant deterioration. It is concluded that DT caused by the pandemic worsened the physical and mental condition of individuals with SCI, highlighting the importance of continuous exercise for this population and underscoring the need for individual assessments to fully understand the impacts of DT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Almada
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (L.A.); (L.S.); (K.F.); (J.R.); (E.D.); (E.P.); (C.O.)
| | - Lucas Santos
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (L.A.); (L.S.); (K.F.); (J.R.); (E.D.); (E.P.); (C.O.)
| | - Karla Freitas
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (L.A.); (L.S.); (K.F.); (J.R.); (E.D.); (E.P.); (C.O.)
| | - Joel Rodrigues
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (L.A.); (L.S.); (K.F.); (J.R.); (E.D.); (E.P.); (C.O.)
| | - Elizângela Diniz
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (L.A.); (L.S.); (K.F.); (J.R.); (E.D.); (E.P.); (C.O.)
| | - Mauro Mazini-Filho
- Southeast Federal Institute of Minas Gerais, Cataguases Campus, Cataguases 36773-563, MG, Brazil;
| | - Luís Leitão
- Superior School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2914-504 Setubal, Portugal;
| | - Eveline Pereira
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (L.A.); (L.S.); (K.F.); (J.R.); (E.D.); (E.P.); (C.O.)
| | - Cláudia Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (L.A.); (L.S.); (K.F.); (J.R.); (E.D.); (E.P.); (C.O.)
| | - Osvaldo Moreira
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Florestal Campus, Florestal 35690-000, MG, Brazil
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Al-Mhanna SB, Batrakoulis A, Norhayati MN, Mohamed M, Drenowatz C, Irekeola AA, Afolabi HA, Gülü M, Alkhamees NH, Wan Ghazali WS. Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training Improves Body Composition, Alters Cardiometabolic Risk, and Ameliorates Cancer-Related Indicators in Breast Cancer Patients and Survivors with Overweight/Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Sports Sci Med 2024; 23:366-395. [PMID: 38841642 PMCID: PMC11149074 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer survivors with obesity are at a high risk of cancer recurrence, comorbidity, and mortality. This review aims to systematically evaluate the effects of combined aerobic and resistance training (CART) on body composition, lipid homeostasis, inflammation, adipokines, cancer-related fatigue, sleep, and quality of life in breast cancer patients and survivors with overweight/obesity. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases from inception up to January 8, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting the inclusion criteria were selected for the analysis. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess eligible studies, and the GRADE method to evaluate the quality of evidence. A random-effects model was used, and data were analyzed using mean (MD) and standardized mean differences (SMD) for continuous variables with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We assessed the data for risk of bias, heterogeneity, sensitivity, reporting bias, and quality of evidence. A total of 17 randomized controlled trials were included in the systematic review involving 1,148 female patients and survivors (mean age: 54.0 ± 3.4 years). The primary outcomes showed significant improvements in body mass index (SMD -0.57 kg/m2, p = 0.04), body fat (SMD -0.50%, p = 0.02), fat mass (SMD -0.63 kg, p = 0.04), hip circumference (MD -3.14 cm, p = 0.02), and fat-free mass (SMD 1.03 kg, p < 0.001). The secondary outcomes indicated significant increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD -0.05 mmol/L, p = 0.008), natural killer cells (SMD 0.42%, p = 0.04), reductions in triglycerides (MD -81.90 mg/dL, p < 0.01), total cholesterol (SMD -0.95 mmol/L, p < 0.01), tumor necrosis factor α (SMD -0.89 pg/mL, p = 0.03), and leptin (SMD -0.63 ng/mL, p = 0.03). Also, beneficial alterations were found in cancer-related fatigue (SMD -0.98, p = 0.03), sleep (SMD -1.17, p < 0.001), and quality of life (SMD 2.94, p = 0.02) scores. There was very low to low confidence in the estimated effect of most of the outcomes. The present findings reveal that CART could be considered an adjunct therapy in supporting the conventional clinical approach observed following exercise. However, further high-quality research is needed to evaluate whether CART would be a valuable intervention to lower aggressive pharmacologic use in breast cancer patients with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Badri Al-Mhanna
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Alexios Batrakoulis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, Greece
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Mohd Noor Norhayati
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kubang Keria, Malaysia
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Teacher Education Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hafeez Abiola Afolabi
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital University Sains Malaysia, University Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mehmet Gülü
- Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Nouf H Alkhamees
- Department of Rehabilitation, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wan Syaheedah Wan Ghazali
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Bao C, Feng Y, Huang J, Wang Z, Wang X, Hou Y, He C. The efficacy of exercise training for improving body composition in patients with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Rehabil 2024:2692155241232399. [PMID: 38794843 DOI: 10.1177/02692155241232399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of exercise in improving body composition in patients with breast cancer; the effects of exercise on weight and BMI were evaluated as secondary outcomes. DATA SOURCES Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials published in English from database inception to 29 November 2023. METHODS The effects of exercise on body composition in patients with breast cancer were explored. After separately extracting the data, two reviewers assessed the overall quality of the evidence as well as the methodological quality of the included studies. RESULTS Fourteen studies with 1241 participants were included, of which 12 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Exercise significantly reduced body fat (mean difference [MD], -0.33; 95% CI, -0.37 to -0.29; P < 0.00001) and increased lean mass (MD, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.49; P < 0.00001) in patients with breast cancer. Further, exercise intervention was associated with increased BMI of patients with breast cancer (MD, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.06; P = 0.01), while no significant difference in weight was detected between the exercise and the non-exercise groups. Subgroup analysis results showed that only resistance exercise reduced fat mass (MD, -0.22; 95% CI, -0.27 to -0.16; P < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS Exercise effectively improves body composition in patients with breast cancer. Clinicians should encourage patients to engage in exercise and develop optimized exercise prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncha Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zezhang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Darmochwal S, Bischoff C, Thieme R, Gockel I, Tegtbur U, Hillemanns P, Schulze A, Voss J, Falz R, Busse M. Impact of home-based training and nutritional behavior on body composition and metabolic markers in cancer patients: data from the CRBP-TS study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1152218. [PMID: 37794972 PMCID: PMC10546323 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1152218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity and physical inactivity are known to affect cancer's development and prognosis. In this context, physical aerobic and resistance training as well as a Mediterranean nutrition have been proven to have many positive health effects. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of home-based training on body composition and certain metabolic laboratory parameters. Methods Patients with breast, colorectal and prostate cancer who underwent curative surgery at stages T1N0M0-T3N3M0 were eligible for this trial and randomized to an intervention and control group. In the intervention group the patients carried out online-based strength-endurance home training during the 6-month study period. Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis (baseline, 3 months and 6 months). Metabolic blood parameters were also analyzed and nutrition behavior determined using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Results The intervention group's fat mass decreased while their lean body mass increased (time effect p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). We found no interaction effect in body weight (p = 0.19), fat mass [p = 0.06, 6-months estimates -0.9 (95% CI -1.8 to -0.1)] and lean body mass (p = 0.92). Blood samples also failed to show a statistically significant interaction effect between time × group for HbA1c% (p = 0.64), Insulin (p = 0.33), Adiponectin (p = 0.87), Leptin (p = 0.52) and Triglycerides (p = 0.43). Only Adiponectin revealed significance in the time effect (p < 0.001) and Leptin in the group effect (p = 0.03). Dietary behavior during the study period was similar in patients in the intervention and control groups (interaction p = 0.81; group p = 0.09 and time p = 0.03). Discussion Individualized online-based home training in postoperative cancer patients revealed only minor changes, with no group differences in body composition or metabolic laboratory parameters, which were predominantly in the reference range at baseline. More studies investigating effects of online-based home training on body composition and nutrition behavior are needed. Trial registration https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00020499, DRKS-ID: DRKS00020499.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Darmochwal
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Bischoff
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - René Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Tegtbur
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antina Schulze
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Voss
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roberto Falz
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Busse
- Institute of Sport Medicine and Prevention, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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He M, Hu S, Wang J, Wang J, Găman MA, Hariri Z, Tian Y. Effect of resistance training on lipid profile in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 288:18-28. [PMID: 37421743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical exercise decreases cardiovascular risk and can alter the lipid profile in postmenopausal women. Although it is believed that resistance training can potentially decrease serum lipid levels in postmenopausal females, the evidence remains inconclusive. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to clarify the impact of resistance training on the lipid profile in postmenopausal women. METHODS Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/Medline and Embase were searched. RCTs that evaluated the effect of resistance training on total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels were included in this review. Effect size was estimated using the random effects model. Subgroup analyses based on age, duration of intervention, pre-enrolment serum lipid levels and body mass index were performed. RESULTS Data pooled from 19 RCTs revealed that resistance training can reduce TC [weighted mean difference (WMD) -11.47 mg/dl; p = 0.002], LDL-C (WMD -8.48 mg/dl; p = 0.01) and TG (WMD -6.61 mg/dl; p = 0.043) levels. TC levels decreased particularly in subjects aged < 60 years (WMD -10.77 mg/dl; p = 0.003), in RCTs lasting < 16 weeks (WMD -15.70 mg/dl; p = 0.048), and in subjects with hypercholesterolaemia (WMD -12.36 mg/dl; p = 0.001) or obesity (WMD -19.35 mg/dl; p = 0.006) before RCT enrolment. There was a significant decrease in LDL-C (WMD -14.38 mg/dl; p = 0.002) levels in patients with LDL-C ≥ 130 mg/dl before trial enrolment. Resistance training reduced HDL-C (WMD -2.97 mg/dl; p = 0.01) levels particularly in subjects with obesity. TG (WMD -10.71 mg/dl; p = 0.01) levels decreased particularly when the intervention lasted < 16 weeks. CONCLUSION Resistance training can decrease TC, LDL-C and TG levels in postmenopausal females. The impact of resistance training on HDL-C levels was small, and was only observed in individuals with obesity. The effect of resistance training on the lipid profile was more notable in short-term interventions and in postmenopausal women with dyslipidaemia or obesity before trial enrolment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- Departments of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Sha Hu
- Departments of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Departments of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Departments of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Haematology, Centre of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Zahra Hariri
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yu Tian
- Departments of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.
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Kim J, Hong Y, Baek S, Lee KP, Ahn S. The synergistic effect of physical activity and nutrition to improve the quality of life in breast cancer patients: a systemic review. Phys Act Nutr 2022; 26:22-31. [PMID: 36775648 PMCID: PMC9925113 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2022.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Medical recommendations for balanced control of exercise, physical activity, and nutritional intake after breast cancer diagnosis remain unclear. Therefore, this review aims to summarize effective exercise methods and dietary opinions by reviewing clinical trial results. METHODS We systematically reviewed studies that evaluated 1) the relationship between exercise methods and quality of life improvement in patients with breast cancer and 2) the recommendations for physical activity, exercise, nutrition, and potential ways to improve life after breast cancer. To conduct this literature review, we searched the PubMed database for articles published until October 1, 2022, using the terms "physical activity OR exercise," "breast cancer," and "nutrition." After a primary review of the retrieved articles, we included clinical trials in this systematic review. RESULTS We hypothesized that physical activity improves the quality of life after the onset of breast cancer, suggesting that a balanced approach to aerobic exercise and resistance exercise increases the efficacy of anticancer treatment. From a nutritional point of view, it is recommended that both physical activity and diet management are necessary for patients with breast cancer. CONCLUSION Customized exercise and diet can help with weight loss, the reduction of cancer-induced fatigue, the regulation of hormonal changes, the reduction of inflammatory factors, and the improvement of mental health and vitality. Understanding the integrated mechanisms of physical activity and nutritional balance will improve the quality of life of patients with breast cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously advance exercise programs and develop an alimentary balance control program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science Graduate School of Konkuk University, Republic of Korea,Physical Activity & Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoogyung Hong
- Research and Development Center, UMUST R&D Corporation, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Baek
- Research and Development Center, UMUST R&D Corporation, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Pa Lee
- Research and Development Center, UMUST R&D Corporation, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author : Kang Pa Lee Research and Development Center, UMUST R&D Corporation, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea. Tel: +82-10-9288-2744 E-mail:
| | - Sanghyun Ahn
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author : Kang Pa Lee Research and Development Center, UMUST R&D Corporation, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea. Tel: +82-10-9288-2744 E-mail:
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Friedenreich CM, Morielli AR, Lategan I, Ryder-Burbidge C, Yang L. Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Survival-Epidemiologic Evidence and Potential Biologic Mechanisms. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:717-741. [PMID: 35953663 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the biologic mechanisms that may be operative between physical activity and survival after breast cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Physical activity decreases risk of mortality from breast cancer by up to 40%. Several biologic mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain this association. Previous cohort studies and randomized trials have examined the primary mechanisms that appear to be operative, which involve a decrease in sex hormone levels, insulin resistance, and inflammation. The evidence is still inconsistent and several limitations in the existing literature exist. Understanding the biologic mechanisms involved in the association of physical activity and breast cancer survival will provide more precision to physical activity guidelines for cancer survival. To achieve this objective, future research should include direct measurements of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and health-related fitness to provide a more comprehensive assessment of these factors and their association with biomarkers and survival after breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre, 2210-2nd St SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Andria R Morielli
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre, 2210-2nd St SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Irizelle Lategan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre, 2210-2nd St SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Charlotte Ryder-Burbidge
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre, 2210-2nd St SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre, 2210-2nd St SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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