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Chen J, Chen Z, Li Y, Wang B, Lu Y, Jian J, Tang J, Cai J. Characterization and functional analysis of SOCS9 from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) during virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109424. [PMID: 38311091 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins family have twelve members including eight known mammalian SOCS members (CISH, SOCS1-7) and four new discovery members (SOCS3b, SOCS5b, SOCS8 and SOCS9) that is regarded as a classic feedback inhibitor of cytokine signaling. Although the function of the mammalian SOCS proteins have been well studied, little is known about the roles of SOCS in fish during viral infection. In this study, the molecular characteristics of SOCS9 from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides, EcSOCS9) is investigated. The EcSOCS9 protein encoded 543 amino acids with typical SH2 (389-475aa) and SOCS_box (491-527aa), sharing high identities with reported fish SOCS9. EcSOCS9 was expressed in all detected tissues and highly expressed in kidney. After red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection, the expression of EcSOCS9 was significantly induced in vitro. Furthermore, EcSOCS9 overexpression enhanced RGNNV replication, promoted virus-induced mitophagy that evidenced by the increased level of LC3-Ⅱ, BCL2, PGAM5 and decreased level of BNIP3 and FUNDC1. Besides, EcSOCS9 overexpression suppressed the expression levels of ATP6, CYB, ND4, ATP level and induced ROS level. The expression levels of interferon (IFN) related factors (IRF1, IRF3, IRF7, P53), inflammatory factors (IL1-β, IL8, TLR2, TNF-α) and IFN-3, ISRE, NF-κB, AP1 activities were also reduced by overexpressing EcSOCS9. These date suggests that EcSOCS9 impacts RGNNV infection through modulating mitophagy, regulating the expression levels of IFN- related and inflammatory factors, which will expand our understanding of fish immune responses during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Chen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Zhaofeng Chen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Yishan Lu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Jufen Tang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Jia Cai
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China.
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Kiepura A, Suski M, Stachyra K, Kuś K, Czepiel K, Wiśniewska A, Ulatowska-Białas M, Olszanecki R. The Influence of the FFAR4 Agonist TUG-891 on Liver Steatosis in ApoE-Knockout Mice. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07430-7. [PMID: 36705799 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitutes an independent risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease. Low-grade inflammation has been shown to play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and NAFLD. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4/GPR120), which is involved in damping inflammatory reactions, may represent a promising target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of TUG-891, the synthetic agonist of FFAR4/GPR120, on fatty liver in vivo. METHODS The effect of TUG-891 on fatty liver was investigated in apoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), using microscopic, biochemical, molecular, and proteomic methods. RESULTS Treatment with TUG-891 inhibited the progression of liver steatosis in apoE-/- mice, as evidenced by histological analysis, and reduced the accumulation of TG in the liver. This action was associated with a decrease in plasma AST levels. TUG-891 decreased the expression of liver genes and proteins involved in de novo lipogenesis (Srebp-1c, Fasn and Scd1) and decreased the expression of genes related to oxidation and uptake (Acox1, Ehhadh, Cd36, Fabp1). Furthermore, TUG-891 modified the levels of selected factors related to glucose metabolism (decreased Glut2, Pdk4 and Pklr, and increased G6pdx). CONCLUSION Pharmacological stimulation of FFAR4 may represent a promising lead in the search for drugs that inhibit NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kiepura
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Suski
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamila Stachyra
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kuś
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Czepiel
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Wiśniewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ulatowska-Białas
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Krakow, Poland.
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