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Ma H, Mu X, Jin Y, Luo Y, Wu M, Han Z. Multimorbidity, lifestyle, and cognitive function: A cross-cultural study on the role of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:560-568. [PMID: 39019233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of lifestyle factors on cognitive function related to four major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases, and the relationship between these NCDs and cognitive function have not been fully studied. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations between these NCDs and cognitive function in middle-aged and older people, and the combined effects of lifestyle factors. METHODS By employing the data from three large-scale cohort studies from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (2010-2019), English Longitudinal Study of Aging (2014-2019), and China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2019), this study carried out a multi-cohort analysis to 77, 210 participants. Fixed-effects regression models were used to examine associations between NCD status and cognitive function. Margin plots were used to illustrate the effect of lifestyle factors. RESULTS Our findings revealed the dose-dependent association between mounting these NCDs and declining cognitive performance, ranging from one NCD (β = -0.05, 95 % CI: -0.08 to -0.02) to four NCDs (β = -0.51, 95 % CI: -0.75 to -0.28). Decline in cognitive function associated with NCDs was exacerbated with physical inactivity, current smoking status, and an increase in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. LIMITATIONS The observational study design precludes causal interrogation of lifestyles and four NCDs on cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS An increasing number of these NCDs were dose-dependently associated with the decline in cognitive function score. Unhealthy lifestyle factors expedite decline in cognitive function linked to these NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Ma
- School of Medical Management, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomin Mu
- School of Healthcare Security, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yinzi Jin
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Luo
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Healthcare Security, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyan Han
- School of Healthcare Security, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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Liao K, Lou Q. Alzheimer's disease increases the risk of erectile dysfunction independent of cardiovascular diseases: A mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303338. [PMID: 38870203 PMCID: PMC11175418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has underscored the correlation between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and erectile dysfunction (ED). However, due to inherent limitations of observational studies, the causative relationship remains inconclusive. METHODS Utilizing publicly available data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics, this study probed the potential causal association between AD and ED using univariate Mendelian randomization (MR). Further, the multivariable MR assessed the confounding effects of six cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The primary approach employed was inverse variance weighted (IVW), supplemented by three additional methods. A series of sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness of the results. RESULTS In the forward MR analysis, the IVW method revealed causal evidence of genetically predicted AD being a risk factor for ED (OR = 1.077, 95% CI 1.007∼1.152, P = 0.031). Reverse analysis did not demonstrate any causal evidence linking ED to AD (OR = 1.018, 95% CI 0.974∼1.063, P = 0.430). Multivariable MR analysis showed that after adjusting for coronary heart disease (OR = 1.082, 95% CI 0.009∼1.160, P = 0.027), myocardial infarction (OR = 1.085, 95% CI 1.012∼1.163, P = 0.022), atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.076, 95% CI 1.002∼1.154, P = 0.043), heart failure (OR = 1.103, 95% CI 1.024∼1.188, P = 0.010), ischemic stroke (OR = 1.079, 95% CI 1.009∼1.154, P = 0.027), hypertension (OR = 1.092, 95% CI 1.011∼1.180, P = 0.025), and all models (OR = 1.115, 95% CI 1.024∼1.214, P = 0.012), the causal association between AD and ED persisted. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the absence of pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and outliers, validating the robustness of our results (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This MR study consistently evidences a causal effect of genetically predicted AD on the risk of ED, independent of certain CVDs, yet offers no evidence for a reverse effect from ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisen Liao
- Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Lou
- Department of Andrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Abouelmagd ME, Abdelmeseh M, Elrosasy A, Saad YH, Alnajjar AZ, Eid M, Hassan A, Abbas A. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors use and the risk of alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07583-9. [PMID: 38795271 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses considerable challenges, necessitating the pursuit of innovative therapeutic approaches. Recent research has spotlighted the promising role of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) in reducing the prevalence of AD, utilizing their vasodilatory properties to suggest a potential neuroprotective effect. This meta-analysis and systematic review aims to assess the relationship between the use of PDE5Is and the risk of AD. METHODS A detailed examination was carried out across several electronic databases till March 2024, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CENTRAL, and Embase. The focus was on identifying studies that compare the occurrence of AD among PDE5I users vs non-users. Through a random-effects model, pooled hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated, in alignment with guidelines from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and the PRISMA standards. RESULTS This analysis included six studies, cumulating a participant count of 8,337,313, involving individuals treated with sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil, against a control group undergoing other or no treatments. The cumulative HR for AD risk among PDE5I users versus the control group was 0.53 (95% CI: 0.32-0.86, p = 0.008), signaling a markedly reduced likelihood of AD development in the PDE5I group. Particularly, sildenafil usage showed a significant risk reduction (HR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.31-0.70, p < 0.001), while findings for tadalafil and vardenafil were not significant. Test of subgroup differences found no difference between male and female participants in the risk of AD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the use of PDE5Is is associated with a reduced risk of AD, highlighting its potential as a protective agent against neurodegenerative diseases. Given the very low quality of evidence and the heterogeneity among the included studies, further high-quality research is warranted to confirm these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Register number PROSPERO 2024: CRD42024522197.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amr Elrosasy
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mahmoud Eid
- Faculty of Medicine, October 6Th University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Atef Hassan
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Abdallah Abbas
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
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Kuhn AJ, Chan K, Sajimon M, Yoo S, Balasco Serrão VH, Lee J, Abrams B, Nowick JS, Uversky VN, Wheeler C, Raskatov JA. Amyloid-α Peptide Formed through Alternative Processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Attenuates Alzheimer's Amyloid-β Toxicity via Cross-Chaperoning. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2634-2645. [PMID: 38236059 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid aggregation is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a primary target for past and present therapeutic efforts. Recent research is making it increasingly clear that the heterogeneity of amyloid deposits, extending past the commonly targeted amyloid-β (Aβ), must be considered for successful therapy. We recently demonstrated that amyloid-α (Aα or p3), a C-terminal peptidic fragment of Aβ, aggregates rapidly to form amyloids and can expedite the aggregation of Aβ through seeding. Here, we advance the understanding of Aα biophysics and biology in several important ways. We report the first cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of an Aα amyloid fibril, proving unambiguously that the peptide is fibrillogenic. We demonstrate that Aα induces Aβ to form amyloid aggregates that are less toxic than pure Aβ aggregates and use nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to provide insights into specific interactions between Aα and Aβ in solution. This is the first evidence that Aα can coassemble with Aβ and alter its biological effects at relatively low concentrations. Based on the above, we urge researchers in the field to re-examine the significance of Aα in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel J Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Ka Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Maria Sajimon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Stan Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Vitor Hugo Balasco Serrão
- Biomolecular Cryoelectron Microscopy Facility, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jack Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Benjamin Abrams
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Life Sciences Microscopy Center, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - James S Nowick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, MDC07, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Christopher Wheeler
- World Brain Mapping Foundation, Society for Brain Mapping & Therapeutics, 860 Via De La Paz, Suite E-1, Pacific Palisades, California 90272-3668, United States
- StemVax Therapeutics (Subsidiary of NovAccess Global), 8584 E. Washington Street #127, Chagrin Falls, Ohio 44023, United States
- StemVax Therapeutics (Subsidiary of NovAccess Global), 2265 E. Foothill Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91107, United States
- T-Neuro Pharma, 1451 Innovation Parkway SE, Suite 600, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
- T-Neuro Pharma, P.O. Box 781, Aptos, California 95003, United States
| | - Jevgenij A Raskatov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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Ribaudo G, Gianoncelli A. Natural and Synthetic Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in 2023: an Update on the Impact on Neurological and Psychiatric Conditions. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:568-570. [PMID: 37817520 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575267412230926055026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective provides an updated overview on the involvement of phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoforms and of the corresponding inhibitors in neurological disorders, including dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, neuropsychiatric conditions and cerebral ischemia. Particular attention has been dedicated to natural and semi-synthetic compounds. Translation into the clinic of preclinical results, toxicity profile and bioavailability represent the challenging aspects in the development of PDE inhibitors. With the aim of providing the latest updates to the reader, the 2023 contributions in the field were considered for the preparation of this Perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ribaudo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
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