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Ma N, Zhou T, Li C, Luo X, Chen S, Zhu XY, Chen XH, Liu H, Tian HY, Gao QJ, Zhao DW. A pan-cancer analysis of the prognosis and immune infiltration of eEF1A2 and its potential function in thyroid carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24455. [PMID: 38314298 PMCID: PMC10837510 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1α2 (eEF1A2) promotes tumour progression in various cancers. We performed a pan-cancer analysis of eEF1A2 and explored its role in thyroid carcinoma (THCA). Methods Databases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer data analysis Portal (UALCAN), and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) were used to investigate the differential expression of eEF1A2 in pan-cancer. The pathological stage, prognostic characteristics, tumour microenvironment (TME), tumour mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) were analysed in diverse tumours with different expression levels of eEF1A2. The expression levels in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and its specific role in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell glycolysis in PTC cells were verified by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, cell counting kit-8, colony formation, wound healing, Transwell assay, and lactate acid and glucose assays.Results:eEF1A2 was differentially expressed in various malignant tumour tissues compared to control tissues and was associated with poor pathological stage and prognosis in most types of tumours. Moreover, eEF1A2 expression closely correlated with the infiltration of immunosuppressive cells, TMB, and MSI in some tumour types. Expression of eEF1A2 in PTC is higher than the para-carcinoma, and eEF1A2 downregulation suppressed TPC-1 and BCPAP cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis. Conclusion Our study suggests that the expression of eEF1A2 is related to the prognosis and immune infiltration of some tumours and may be a predictor of prognosis and immunotherapy. eEF1A2 could promote malignant behaviour of PTC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- GuiZhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- GuiZhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Song Chen
- GuiZhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xue-Yin Zhu
- GuiZhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xing-Hong Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Haoxi Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hai-Ying Tian
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qing-Jun Gao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Dai-Wei Zhao
- GuiZhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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El-Tanani M, Nsairat H, Aljabali AA, Matalka II, Alkilany AM, Tambuwala MM. Dual-loaded liposomal carriers to combat chemotherapeutic resistance in breast cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:309-324. [PMID: 38284386 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2311812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The resistance to chemotherapy is a significant hurdle in breast cancer treatment, prompting the exploration of innovative strategies. This review discusses the potential of dual-loaded liposomal carriers to combat chemoresistance and improve outcomes for breast cancer patients. AREAS COVERED This review discusses breast cancer chemotherapy resistance and dual-loaded liposomal carriers. Drug efflux pumps, DNA repair pathways, and signaling alterations are discussed as chemoresistance mechanisms. Liposomes can encapsulate several medicines and cargo kinds, according to the review. It examines how these carriers improve medication delivery, cancer cell targeting, and tumor microenvironment regulation. Also examined are dual-loaded liposomal carrier improvement challenges and techniques. EXPERT OPINION The use of dual-loaded liposomal carriers represents a promising and innovative strategy in the battle against chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer. This article has explored the various mechanisms of chemoresistance in breast cancer, emphasizing the potential of dual-loaded liposomal carriers to overcome these challenges. These carriers offer versatility, enabling the encapsulation and precise targeting of multiple drugs with different modes of action, a crucial advantage when dealing with the complexity of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Tanani
- College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Alaa A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ismail I Matalka
- Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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