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Bittante G, Cecchinato A, Tagliapietra F, Verdiglione R, Simonetto A, Schiavon S. Crossbred young bulls and heifers sired by double-muscled Piemontese or Belgian Blue bulls exhibit different effects of sexual dimorphism on fattening performance and muscularity but not on meat quality traits. Meat Sci 2017; 137:24-33. [PMID: 29149626 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
As double-muscled Belgian Blue (BB) and Piemontese (PIEM) breeds are heavily selected for different objectives (the former mainly for muscularity, the latter for ease of calving), the aim of this study was to compare sexual dimorphism in 56 crossbred young bulls and heifers obtained from dairy cows mated to bulls of the two beef breeds. Young PIEM- and BB-sired bulls had similar fattening performances and beef traits, although the BB crossbreds were slightly more muscular. Otherwise, the BB-sired heifers exceeded the PIEM-sired heifers in growth rate (1.12 vs. 0.98kg/d), feed efficiency (0.129 vs. 0.121kg/kg DM), increases in muscle scores (1.45 vs. 0.98 SEUROP scores) and carcass yield (0.612 vs. 0.605), but not in fatness, retail cut proportions and meat quality traits. Sexual dimorphism is, therefore, less distinct in BB than in PIEM crossbreds. In conclusion, BB sires are to be preferred for "product quality", and PIEM sires for "process quality", on account of welfare and ethical issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Franco Tagliapietra
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Rina Verdiglione
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Alberto Simonetto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Stefano Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
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Ciepłoch A, Rutkowska K, Oprządek J, Poławska E. Genetic disorders in beef cattle: a review. Genes Genomics 2017; 39:461-471. [PMID: 28458779 PMCID: PMC5387086 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of present review is to describe and organize autosomal recessive disorders (arachnomelia, syndactylism, osteopetrosis, dwarfism, crooked tail syndrome, muscular hyperplasia, glycogen storage disease, protoporphyria), which occur among beef cattle, and methods that can be applied to detect these defects. Prevalence of adverse alleles in beef breeds happens due to human activity—selections of favorable features, e.g. developed muscle tissue. Unfortunately, carriers of autosomal recessive diseases are often characterized by these attributes. Fast and effective identification of individuals, that may carry faulty genes, can prevent economical losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ciepłoch
- Department of Animal Improvement, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Karolina Rutkowska
- Department of Animal Improvement, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Jolanta Oprządek
- Department of Animal Improvement, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Ewa Poławska
- Department of Animal Improvement, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
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Albertí P, Gómez I, Mendizabal JA, Ripoll G, Barahona M, Sarriés V, Insausti K, Beriain MJ, Purroy A, Realini C. Effect of whole linseed and rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid enriched diets on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and adipose tissue development in young Holstein bulls. Meat Sci 2013; 94:208-14. [PMID: 23501252 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Forty-eight young Holstein bulls (slaughtered at 458.6±9.79 kg body weight) were used to evaluate the effect of whole linseed and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on animal performance, adipose tissue development, and carcass characteristics. The animals were fed with one of four isoenergetic and isoproteic diets: control (0% linseed, 0% CLA), linseed (10% linseed, 0% CLA), CLA (0% linseed, 2% CLA), and linseed plus CLA (10% linseed, 2% CLA). Animal performance and carcass characteristics were unaffected by diet composition. Adding linseed or CLA to the concentrate diet did not result in significant differences in adipocyte size and number or lipogenic enzyme activity. However, while the frequency distribution of subcutaneous adipocyte diameters followed a normal distribution, the frequency distribution of intramuscular adipocyte diameters was not normal in any dietary group (skewness coefficients: 0.8, 1.2, 0.9, 0.8 for control, linseed, CLA, and linseed plus CLA, respectively; P<0.05), indicative of adipocyte proliferation in the intramuscular adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Albertí
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA), Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Schiavon S, Bittante G. Double-muscled and conventional cattle have the same net energy requirements if these are related to mature and current body protein mass, and to gain composition. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:3973-87. [PMID: 22829619 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis tested in this paper is that double-muscled (DBM) and conventional cattle, considerably differing in body composition, have similar NE requirements when: a) NE(m) is scaled as a function of current (P(i)) and adult (P(m)) protein mass; and b) ME for gain (ME(g)) is estimated from protein (Pr) and lipid (Lr) retention and their partial ME use efficiencies, the k(p) and k(l) values, respectively. First, 2 databases were examined: 1 was developed combining well known literature information from comparative slaughter trials conducted on British beef steers; the other was based on a trial conducted using extremely lean DBM Piemontese bulls. From the first database, NE(m) was calculated to be 1.625 × P(i) ÷ P(m) × P(m)(0.73) (MJ/kg(0.73)). From the second database, the daily ME(g) was determined as 22.8 MJ × Pr ÷ k(p) + 38.74 MJ × Lr ÷ k(l), assuming (from prior reports) that k(p) = 0.20 and k(l) = 0.75. Thereafter, ME(m) was defined as ME intake minus ME(g), and, hence, NE(m) was predicted as 1.625 × P(i) ÷ P(m) × P(m)(0.73) (where 1.625 was the value obtained from the first dataset). The resulting k(m) (NE(m)/ME(m)) averaged 0.67. This k(m) value did not differ from that (0.65; P = 0.12) predicted by Garrett's equation, which uses dietary ME content as the only predictive variable. Second, the procedure was tested for the ability to detect effects on k(m) caused by increasing BW and dietary factors not estimable from the dietary ME content only. Data were gathered from a trial involving 48 DBM Piemontese bulls divided into 4 groups fed 1 of 4 diets differing in CP content (145 or 108 g/kg DM), with or without addition of 80 g/d of rumen-protected CLA (rpCLA). Bulls were examined at 3 consecutive periods of growth, corresponding to 365, 512 and 631 kg of average BW. All energy balance items were influenced by increasing BW, except k(m) (P = 0.61), in agreement with the expectation that NE(m) requirement depends on the degree of maturity (P(i)/P(m)) and the P(m)(0.73) of an animal, whereas k(m) reflects characteristics of the feed provided. The k(m) value was also influenced by the CP × rpCLA interaction (P = 0.013). We conclude that DBM and British beef steers have similar NE requirements when these are scaled as a function of P(i) and P(m), and gain composition, considering Pr, k(p), Lr and k(l). The proposed procedure will be useful to predict the energy requirements and feed use in cattle of different types that vary in BW, provided that body and gain compositions are known or accurately predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
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Cecchinato A, De Marchi M, Penasa M, Casellas J, Schiavon S, Bittante G. Genetic analysis of beef fatty acid composition predicted by near-infrared spectroscopy1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:429-38. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M. De Marchi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M. Penasa
- Department of Animal Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - J. Casellas
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S. Schiavon
- Department of Animal Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - G. Bittante
- Department of Animal Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Schiavon S, De Marchi M, Tagliapietra F, Bailoni L, Cecchinato A, Bittante G. Effect of high or low protein ration combined or not with rumen protected conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on meat CLA content and quality traits of double-muscled Piemontese bulls. Meat Sci 2011; 89:133-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cecchinato A, De Marchi M, Penasa M, Albera A, Bittante G. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy predictions as indicator traits in breeding programs for enhanced beef quality1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:2687-95. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Schiavon S, Tagliapietra F, Dal Maso M, Bailoni L, Bittante G. Effects of low-protein diets and rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid on production and carcass traits of growing double-muscled Piemontese bulls1. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:3372-83. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Martínez A, Aldai N, Celaya R, Osoro K. Effect of breed body size and the muscular hypertrophy gene in the production and carcass traits of concentrate-finished yearling bulls. J Anim Sci 2009; 88:1229-39. [PMID: 19966157 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the extent of the effect of muscular hypertrophy character in beef of northern-Spanish breeds, animal performance and carcass characteristics of 152 finishing steers from 5 genotypes were studied: 32 yearling bulls from a rustic Asturiana de la Montaña (AM) breed, 96 yearling bulls from Asturiana de los Valles (AV) breed, divided in 3 groups depending on the presence of the gene responsible for double-muscling (i.e., 32 AV mh/mh, 32 AV mh/+, 32 AV +/+), and 24 yearling bulls from AM x AV cross were used. Each genotype was composed of 8 animals per year (4 animals per pen) for 4 yr, except for the AM x AV genotype, which was only evaluated in the last 3 yr of the experiment. All animals were fed indoors with concentrate meal and barley straw ad libitum. Average daily gains in AV animals (1.41 kg/d) were greater (P < 0.01) than in AM (1.12 kg/d), whereas AM x AV were intermediate (1.29 kg/d) to these. No significant differences (P = 0.604) in ADG were found among the 3 AV genotypes. Longer fattening periods (P < 0.001) were taken for AM animals to reach acceptable BW at slaughter. Double-muscled animals (AV mh/mh) were found to have the best feed efficiencies when expressed as G:F (P < 0.001). However, residual feed intake calculated on a daily basis showed a greater efficiency in AV mh/mh and AM than in other genotypes. Carcasses from double-muscled animals had greater BW, yield, conformation and compactness index, and less fat cover than the other genotypes (P < 0.001). Carcasses from AM breed were the lightest and had the worst conformation, whereas those from AM x AV generally presented intermediate characteristics between AV and AM. Double-muscled animals had the greatest LM weight and area. The sixth-rib dissection revealed a greater percentage of muscle (84.6%) and decreased percentages of subcutaneous fat (1.1%), intermuscular fat (4.7%), bone (8.5%), and other tissues (1.2%) in AV mh/mh compared with other genotypes. Water-holding capacity was greatest in AM and least in AV mh/mh. In conclusion, double-muscled AV bulls would provide the greatest economic returns at intensive feeding systems because of their greater efficiency, reduced feeding costs, greater carcass weight and conformation, and greater lean yields, though some LM characteristics (reduced fat content and water-holding capacity) could negatively affect the sensory attributes of the meat compared with other genotypes with greater fatness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martínez
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Area de Sistemas de Producción Animal, Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Rural, Principado de Asturias, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
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Lazzaroni C, Biagini D. Effect of pre- and post-pubertal castration on Piemontese male cattle. II: Carcass measures and meat yield. Meat Sci 2008; 80:442-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Aldai N, Nájera A, Martínez A, Celaya R, Osoro K. Correlation between carcass conformation and fat cover degree, and muscle fatty acid profile of yearling bulls depending on breed and mh-genotype. Livest Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2006.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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