1
|
Zhang S, Zhang X, Xiong Z, Li K, Gao Y, Bu Y, Zheng N, Zhao S, Wang J. Effect of red clover isoflavones on hormone, immune, inflammatory, and plasma biochemistry in lactating dairy cows. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:306-312. [PMID: 38371476 PMCID: PMC10869575 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This study was to conducted to investigate the effect of red clover isoflavones on the health indicated by immune status and blood biochemistry in dairy cows. Sixty-eight healthy Holstein lactating cows were randomly divided into four treatments (n = 17 per treatment) from 5 blocks according to milk yield using a randomized complete block design. No initial differences in parity (2.13 ± 1.21), days in milk (165 ± 21 d), and milk yield (33.93 ± 3.81 kg/d) between groups. Cows were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0, 2, 4, or 8 g/kg red clover extract (RCE) in diet (dry matter based). Feeding, refusal feed weights, and milk yield were recorded three consecutive days in weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12. Blood was collected from the tail vein of the cows on the last day of weeks 4, 8 and 12, 1 h after the morning feeding, and analyzed for hormones, immunoglobulins, inflammatory markers, and markers of liver and kidney activities. The dry matter intake was significantly decreased by 3.7% in the 8 g/kg group (P < 0.05). The fat-corrected milk yield was significantly higher in both of the 2 and 4 g/kg groups (P < 0.01). Plasma estradiol and prolactin showed a quadratic effect with increasing RCE levels, with the highest in the 4 g/kg group (P < 0.05). Plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β levels decreased linearly with increasing dietary RCE levels. Plasma IL-18 levels showed a quadratic effect with increasing dietary RCE levels, with significantly lower levels in both of the 2 and 4 g/kg groups (P < 0.05). Plasma immunoglobulin A and D-lactic acid levels showed a quadratic effect with increasing dietary RCE levels, with significantly higher level in the 4 g/kg group (P < 0.05). The liver function and kidney activity makers were similar (P > 0.05). These results recommend the supplementation of RCE at a level from 2 to 4 g/kg DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhanbo Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kexin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miller JL, Reddy A, Harman RM, Van de Walle GR. A xenotransplantation mouse model to study physiology of the mammary gland from large mammals. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298390. [PMID: 38416747 PMCID: PMC10901318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Although highly conserved in structure and function, many (patho)physiological processes of the mammary gland vary drastically between mammals, with mechanisms regulating these differences not well understood. Large mammals display variable lactation strategies and mammary cancer incidence, however, research into these variations is often limited to in vitro analysis due to logistical limitations. Validating a model with functional mammary xenografts from cryopreserved tissue fragments would allow for in vivo comparative analysis of mammary glands from large and/or rare mammals and would improve our understanding of postnatal development, lactation, and premalignancy across mammals. To this end, we generated functional mammary xenografts using mammary tissue fragments containing mammary stroma and parenchyma isolated via an antibody-independent approach from healthy, nulliparous equine and canine donor tissues to study these species in vivo. Cryopreserved mammary tissue fragments were xenotransplanted into de-epithelialized fat pads of immunodeficient mice and resulting xenografts were structurally and functionally assessed. Preimplantation of mammary stromal fibroblasts was performed to promote ductal morphogenesis. Xenografts recapitulated mammary lobule architecture and contained donor-derived stromal components. Mammatropic hormone stimulation resulted in (i) upregulation of lactation-associated genes, (ii) altered proliferation index, and (iii) morphological changes, indicating functionality. Preimplantation of mammary stromal fibroblasts did not promote ductal morphogenesis. This model presents the opportunity to study novel mechanisms regulating unique lactation strategies and mammary cancer induction in vivo. Due to the universal applicability of this approach, this model serves as proof-of-concept for developing mammary xenografts for in vivo analysis of virtually any mammals, including large and rare mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James L Miller
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Reddy
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Rebecca M Harman
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Purba FY, Ishimoto Y, Nii T, Suzuki N, Isobe N. Effect of temporary cessation of milking and estradiol combination on the antimicrobial components in goat milk. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:387-394. [PMID: 36108551 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A temporary cessation of milking is widely used in Japan to treat mastitis in dairy cows. Exogenous administration of estradiol (E2) is known to inhibit milk production in dairy cows. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the temporary cessation of milking in combination with E2 administration on the antimicrobial components of goat milk. Twelve goats, divided into two groups-with and without E2 injection (E2 and control group, respectively), were subjected to cessation of milking in both udder halves for 3 d (day 0-2). Milk yield in the E2 group was significantly lower than that in the control group on days 7 to 10. The concentrations of cathelicidin-2, IgA, and lactoferrin in the E2 group were significantly higher than those in the control group. These results suggest that the temporary cessation of milking with simultaneous E2 administration leads to a higher concentration of certain antimicrobial components in milk than that observed after using cessation of milking alone. Thus, this combination may contribute to a stronger innate immune system and a faster recovery from mastitis, and might prove to be an alternative to antibiotic treatment upon further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fika Yuliza Purba
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; Veterinary Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Yoshihisa Ishimoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nii
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Naoki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Naoki Isobe
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Trott JF, Schennink A, Horigan KC, Lemay DG, Cohen JR, Famula TR, Dragon JA, Hovey RC. Unique Transcriptomic Changes Underlie Hormonal Interactions During Mammary Histomorphogenesis in Female Pigs. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqab256. [PMID: 34918063 PMCID: PMC10409904 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Successful lactation and the risk for developing breast cancer depend on growth and differentiation of the mammary gland (MG) epithelium that is regulated by ovarian steroids (17β-estradiol [E] and progesterone [P]) and pituitary-derived prolactin (PRL). Given that the MG of pigs share histomorphogenic features present in the normal human breast, we sought to define the transcriptional responses within the MG of pigs following exposure to all combinations of these hormones. Hormone-ablated female pigs were administered combinations of E, medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate (source of P), and either haloperidol (to induce PRL) or 2-bromo-α-ergocryptine. We subsequently monitored phenotypic changes in the MG including mitosis, receptors for E and P (ESR1 and PGR), level of phosphorylated STAT5 (pSTAT5), and the frequency of terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU) subtypes; these changes were then associated with all transcriptomic changes. Estrogen altered the expression of approximately 20% of all genes that were mostly associated with mitosis, whereas PRL stimulated elements of fatty acid metabolism and an inflammatory response. Several outcomes, including increased pSTAT5, highlighted the ability of E to enhance PRL action. Regression of transcriptomic changes against several MG phenotypes revealed 1669 genes correlated with proliferation, among which 29 were E inducible. Additional gene expression signatures were associated with TDLU formation and the frequency of ESR1 or PGR. These data provide a link between the hormone-regulated genome and phenome of the MG in a species having a complex histoarchitecture like that in the human breast, and highlight an underexplored synergy between the actions of E and PRL during MG development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine F Trott
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Anke Schennink
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Katherine C Horigan
- Department of Animal Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
| | - Danielle G Lemay
- US Department of Agriculture ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Julia R Cohen
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Thomas R Famula
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Julie A Dragon
- Vermont Integrative Genomics Resource, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
| | - Russell C Hovey
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao X, Ponchon B, Lanctôt S, Lacasse P. Invited review: Accelerating mammary gland involution after drying-off in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6701-6717. [PMID: 31202662 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mammary gland involution, as a part of the reproductive cycle in dairy cows, is a very important remodeling transformation of the mammary gland for the subsequent lactation. There is considerable incentive to accelerate mammary gland involution to improve udder health, shorten the dry period, and simplify the management process by reducing dietary changes. The complex process of mammary involution is characterized by morphological changes in the epithelial cells and mammary tissue, changes in the composition of mammary secretions, and changes in the integrity of tight junctions. Involution is facilitated by elements of the immune system and several types of proteases and is coordinated by various types of hormones. This review first describes the involution process and then argues for the need to accelerate it. Last, this review focuses on various intervention methods for accelerating involution. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of bovine mammary gland involution as well as potential techniques and new opinions for dry cow management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9.
| | - B Ponchon
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9
| | - S Lanctôt
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1M 0C8
| | - P Lacasse
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1M 0C8
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Identification of novel polymorphism in buffalo stanniocalcin-1 gene and its expression analysis in mammary gland under different stages of lactation. J Genet 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-019-1082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
7
|
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 17β-estradiol on mammary tight junctions in cows in late lactation. The experiment included five non-pregnant cows around day 290 in lactation. The cows received injections of 17β-estradiol for six days. The effect of exogenous 17β-estradiol on milk yield, milk composition and lactose in plasma and lactose in urine was investigated before, during and after the treatment. Milk yield decreased after 17β-estradiol injections and lactose in plasma and urine increased, showing an effect on the integrity of the mammary tight junctions. However, there was a delay between hormone injections and the decrease in milk yield and opening of tight junctions, indicating that other factors are involved. A high correlation between lactose in urine and blood plasma was found. More than 30% of the total lactose production was lost in urine after 17β-estradiol treatment.
Collapse
|
8
|
Duru S, Baycan SC. Change of daily milk yield during estrous period in Holstein cattle raised under Mediterranean climate. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1571-1577. [PMID: 30827003 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01857-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of estrus on the daily milk yield in Holstein cows and to investigate the chance of using the possible milk yield changes in determining the estrus. During the 3-year period of the study, 103 dairy cows were observed 4 days before and 4 days after daily milk yield of 240 estruses and a total of 2174 daily milk yields were evaluated. Variance analysis was used to determine the factors affecting the daily milk yield, and the LSD test was used for multiple comparisons. Insemination year, insemination season, number of lactation, milk yield group, and daily milk yield of lactation period were found to be significant (P < 0.01). On the other hand, the effect of estrus days on milk yield was insignificant. In the days of estrus, the least square mean of milk yield is 31.0 kg, while the lowest and highest milk yields are 10.2 kg and 62.9 kg. The daily milk yield in the estruses decreased by an average of 300 g, which decreased to 400 g by continuing 1 day after the estruses. The next day, however, it increased rapidly by 600 g, and then dropped again, probably due to the effect of metestrus. It was found that, among all estruses, 31.3% of cows decreased their milk yield, whereas 26.5% of cows increased their milk yield. However, 42.2% of cows both decreased and increased their milk yield in different estruses. The interval between birth and the first insemination after were found to be longer (97.5 days and 92.9 days) at high milk-yielding cows compared to the low milk-yielding cows. According to the results of this study, daily milk yield changes could not be used as an estrus indicator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Duru
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Uludağ University, Görükle, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Can Baycan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Uludağ University, Görükle, 16059, Bursa, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tong J, Thompson I, Zhao X, Lacasse P. Effect of 17β-estradiol on milk production, hormone secretion, and mammary gland gene expression in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2588-2601. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
10
|
Chu M, Zhao Y, Yu S, Hao Y, Zhang P, Feng Y, Zhang H, Ma D, Liu J, Cheng M, Li L, Shen W, Cao H, Li Q, Min L. MicroRNA-221 may be involved in lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:118-127. [PMID: 29474925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Milk lipids, important for infant growth and development, are produced and secreted by mammary gland under the regulation of steroid hormones, growth factors, and microRNAs (miRNAs). miR-221 has been identified in milk and adipocytes and it plays important roles in regulating normal mammary epithelial hierarchy and breast cancer stem cells; however, its roles in lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells (MECs), the cells of lipid synthesis and secretion, are as yet unknown. Through overexpression or inhibition of miR-221 expression, we found that it regulated lipid metabolism in MECs and was expressed differentially at various stages during murine mammary gland development. Inhibition of miR-221 expression increased lipid content in MECs through elevation of the lipid synthesis enzyme FASN, while overexpression of miR-221 reduced MEC lipid content. Moreover, the steroid hormones estradiol and progesterone decreased miR-221 expression with a subsequent increase in lipid formation in MECs. The expression of miR-221 was lower during lactation, which suggests that it may be involved in milk production. Therefore, miR-221 might be a useful target for influencing milk lipid production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiang Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yanan Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yanni Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dongxue Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Core Laboratories of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Qingdao Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Qingdao, 266000, PR China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hongfang Cao
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu, 271100, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu, 271100, PR China
| | - Lingjiang Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chu M, Zhao Y, Feng Y, Zhang H, Liu J, Cheng M, Li L, Shen W, Cao H, Li Q, Min L. MicroRNA-126 participates in lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 454:77-86. [PMID: 28599789 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are a major component of milk and are important for infant growth and development. MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) has previously been observed in mammary glands and adipocytes and is known to be involved in lipid metabolism during the process of atherosclerosis. However, it remains unknown whether miR-126 also participates in lipid metabolism in mammary luminal epithelial cells (MECs). In the current investigation, miR-126-3p inhibition stimulated lipid synthesis in MECs in part through increasing levels of the lipid synthesis enzymes FASN, ACSL1, and Insig1. Overexpression of miR-126-3p decreased lipid content in MECs with a reduction in FASN and Insig1. Furthermore, the expression of miR-126-3p was diminished by the steroid hormones estradiol and progesterone with a subsequent elevation of lipid formation in MECs. We also noted that miR-126-3p was expressed differentially at various stages of murine mammary gland development, exhibiting a negative correlation with FASN. Together these findings suggest that miR-126-3 might be involved in lipid metabolism in mammary gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiang Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yanni Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Core Laboratories of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Qingdao Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hongfang Cao
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu 271100, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu 271100, PR China
| | - Lingjiang Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chu M, Zhao Y, Yu S, Hao Y, Zhang P, Feng Y, Zhang H, Ma D, Liu J, Cheng M, Li L, Shen W, Cao H, Li Q, Min L. miR-15b negatively correlates with lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C43-C52. [PMID: 28835435 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00115.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammary epithelial cells are regulated by steroid hormones, growth factors, and even microRNAs. miR-15b has been found to regulate lipid metabolism in adipocytes; however, its effects on lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells, the cells of lipid synthesis and secretion, are as yet unknown. The main purpose of this investigation was to explore the effect of miR-15b on lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells, along with the underlying mechanisms. miR-15b was overexpressed or inhibited by miRNA mimics or inhibitors; subsequently, lipid formation in mammary epithelial cells, and proteins related to lipid metabolism, were investigated. Through overexpression or inhibition of miR-15b expression, the current investigation found that miR-15b downregulates lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells and is expressed differentially at various stages of mouse and goat mammary gland development. Inhibition of miR-15b expression increased lipid content in mammary epithelial cells through elevation of the lipid synthesis enzyme fatty acid synthetase (FASN), and overexpression of miR-15b reduced lipid content in mammary epithelial cells with decreasing levels of FASN. Moreover, the steroid hormones estradiol and progesterone decreased miR-15b expression with a subsequent increase in lipid formation in mammary epithelial cells. The expression of miR-15b was lower during lactation and negatively correlated with lipid synthesis proteins, which suggests that it may be involved in lipid synthesis and milk production. miR-15b might be a useful target for altering lipid production and milk yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiang Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxue Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Core Laboratories of Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Qingdao Veterinary and Livestock Administration , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfang Cao
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingjiang Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Herve L, Quesnel H, Lollivier V, Boutinaud M. Regulation of cell number in the mammary gland by controlling the exfoliation process in milk in ruminants. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:854-63. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Yart L, Lollivier V, Finot L, Dupont J, Wiart S, Boutinaud M, Marnet PG, Dessauge F. Changes in mammary secretory tissue during lactation in ovariectomized dairy cows. Steroids 2013; 78:973-81. [PMID: 23811017 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In dairy animals, the milk yield (MY) changes during a lactation and is influenced by several physiological, livestock management and environmental factors. The MY produced by a mammary gland depends on synthetic activity of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) as well as MEC number and mammary secretory tissue organization. It has been suggested that ovarian steroids (estradiol and progesterone) have a negative effect on MY in lactating cows. In a previous study, we showed that the suppression of ovarian secretions by an ovariectomy improved lactation persistency in dairy cows. Here we were interested in the effects of ovariectomy on plasma estradiol and progesterone concentrations and on changes that occur in mammary secretory tissue during lactation. We demonstrated that the ovariectomy of lactating cows at the time of the lactation peak induced a rapid and dramatic drop in plasma progesterone and a smaller reduction in plasma estradiol. Interestingly, the study of the changes in mammary secretory tissue over time revealed that the improvement of MY measured in the ovariectomized cows was associated with a limited increase in estradiol receptivity in MECs, a reduced mammary tissue remodeling and reduced blood protein concentration in milk, in late lactation. These results suggest that ovarian secretions, particularly estradiol and progesterone, act to enhance processes for mammary gland involution in late-lactating dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Yart
- INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ollier S, Zhao X, Lacasse P. Effect of prolactin-release inhibition on milk production and mammary gland involution at drying-off in cows. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:335-43. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
17
|
Abstract
Ovarian steroids, oestradiol and progesterone, are required for normal mammary growth at puberty and during pregnancy. They contribute to mammary parenchyma development by stimulating mammary epithelial cell (MEC) proliferation. However several studies demonstrate that oestradiol negatively affects milk production during the declining phase of lactation, but the oestradiol effect on MEC in lactating mammary gland remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the differential effect of oestradiol on bovine MECs mimicking two physiological statuses: active and early apoptotic MECs. We demonstrated that oestradiol has a major effect on early apoptotic MECs and might accelerate MEC apoptosis by activation of caspases rather than by inducing apoptosis in active MECs. Early apoptotic MECs could be compared with senescent cells in the late-lactation mammary gland. These results suggest that the negative effect of oestradiol on milk production during the declining phase of lactation would be due to an enhancement of apoptotic processes in MECs.
Collapse
|
18
|
Yart L, Dessauge F, Finot L, Barbey S, Marnet P, Lollivier V. Ovariectomy improves lactation persistency in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3794-802. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
19
|
Lacasse P, Lollivier V, Bruckmaier RM, Boisclair YR, Wagner GF, Boutinaud M. Effect of the prolactin-release inhibitor quinagolide on lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:1302-9. [PMID: 21338795 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In most mammals, prolactin (PRL) is essential for maintaining lactation, and yet the short-term suppression of PRL during established lactation by bromocriptine has produced inconsistent effects on milk yield in cows and goats. To assess the effect of the long-term inhibition of PRL release in lactating dairy cows, 5 Holstein cows in early lactation received daily intramuscular injections of 1mg of the PRL-release inhibitor quinagolide for 9 wk. Four control cows received the vehicle (water) only. During the last week of the treatments, one udder half was milked once a day (1×) and the other twice a day (2×). Blood samples were harvested at milking in wk -1, 1, 4, and 8. The daily injections of quinagolide reduced milking-induced PRL release but not the basal PRL concentration. Quinagolide induced a faster decline in milk production, which was about 5.3 kg/d lower in the quinagolide-treated cows during the last 4 wk of treatment. During wk 9, the inhibition of milk production by quinagolide was maintained in the udder half that was milked 2× but not in the half milked 1×. Milk production was significantly correlated with the quantity of PRL released at milking. Quinagolide did not affect the release of oxytocin at milking. Serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 was not affected by treatment or correlated with milk production. Serum concentrations of leptin and the calciotropic hormone stanniocalcin were not affected by the treatment. In conclusion, the chronic administration of the PRL-release inhibitor quinagolide decreases milk production in dairy cows. The effect is likely the result of the reduced release of milking-induced PRL and is modulated at the level of the gland by milking frequency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Lacasse
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 90 STN Lennoxville, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1M 1Z3.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bernier-Dodier P, Delbecchi L, Wagner G, Talbot B, Lacasse P. Effect of milking frequency on lactation persistency and mammary gland remodeling in mid-lactation cows. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:555-64. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
21
|
Expression of stanniocalcin-1 in gastrointestinal tracts of neonatal and mature rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 389:478-83. [PMID: 19732741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.08.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) produced by ovaries endocrinologically targets to mammary glands and is secreted into milk during lactation. The decline of mother's serum level by STC-1 antiserum administration reduced the milk fat content and the pups' body fat content. Nevertheless, the pups' fecal fat content was increased, suggesting that milk-derived STC-1 could influence intestinal fat absorption. We investigated the STC-1 expression in rat gastrointestinal tissues using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. STC-1 was widely expressed in the chief cells of gastric pits and the cells of intestinal glands. Goblet cells in the small intestine contained STC-1 protein in their mucus. The distribution shows that this peptide is secreted exocrinologically into the gastrointestinal lumen. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression ratio was higher in the periods of heavy nutritional demand, such as growing and lactation. The endogenous STC-1, similar to milk-derived STC-1, may be involved in digestion and/or absorption in gastrointestinal organs.
Collapse
|
22
|
Tremblay G, Bernier-Dodier P, Delbecchi L, Wagner G, Talbot B, Lacasse P. Local control of mammary involution: Is stanniocalcin-1 involved? J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:1998-2006. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
23
|
Loiselle M, Ster C, Talbot B, Zhao X, Wagner G, Boisclair Y, Lacasse P. Impact of postpartum milking frequency on the immune system and the blood metabolite concentration of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:1900-12. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
24
|
Tremblay G, Delbecchi L, Loiselle MC, Ster C, Wagner GF, Talbot BG, Lacasse P. Serum levels of stanniocalcin-1 in Holstein heifers and cows. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2009; 36:105-9. [PMID: 19101107 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Stanniocalcin-1 is a hormone that possesses both paracrine and endocrine functions and has recently been identified in mammals. While paracrine functions have been determined for several organs, the role of circulating stanniocalcin-1 in cattle is still unclear but, observations in mice and cows suggest that stanniocalcin-1 plays a role in both gestation and lactation. The changes in serum stanniocalcin-1 content in different physiological states have never been evaluated in ruminants. We measured stanniocalcin-1 levels in sera from cattle ranging in age from post-weaned calves to 17-month-old heifers and in sera from cows during lactation and pregnancy. Our results indicate that the blood concentration of stanniocalcin-1 is increased by pregnancy, but not by lactation. The highest levels of stanniocalcin-1 were found in young calves and during the non-lactating period preceding calving. This suggests that stanniocalcin-1 is important for gestation and the preparation of the mammary gland for lactation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Tremblay
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Miller N, Delbecchi L, Petitclerc D, Wagner GF, Talbot BG, Lacasse P. Effect of Stage of Lactation and Parity on Mammary Gland Cell Renewal. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89:4669-77. [PMID: 17106099 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Milk production is a function of the number and activity of mammary epithelial cells, regardless of stage of lactation. Milk yield is generally higher in multiparous cows than in primiparous cows, but persistency is usually greater in the latter group. We compared several measures related to metabolic activity, apoptosis, and endocrine control of mammary cell growth in 8 primiparous and 9 multiparous cows throughout lactation. Mammary gland biopsies were taken in early [10 d in milk (DIM)], peak (50 DIM), and late (250 DIM) lactation to evaluate gene expression and determine DNA and fatty acid synthase (FAS) content. Milk samples taken the day before the biopsies were used to detect protease activities and to determine stanniocalcin-1 (STC) concentrations. Blood samples served to measure insulin-like growth factor-1, prolactin, and STC concentrations. Milk yield was higher in multiparous cows than in primiparous cows at the 10 DIM (32.8 +/- 1.3 and 25.2 +/- 0.8 kg/d) and 50 DIM (38.0 +/- 1.2 and 29.8 +/- 1.1 kg/d), but it was the same for both groups at 250 DIM (23.9 +/- 1.5 and 23.8 +/- 1.1 kg/d). Except for stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase, expression of genes related to milk synthesis was not affected by stage of lactation. However, gene expression of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, beta-casein, and FAS was lower in early lactation in primiparous cows. Expression of both proapoptotic bax and antiapoptotic bcl-2 genes was higher in primiparous cows, whereas the bax-to-bcl-2 ratio was not changed. Mammary DNA concentration was higher in multiparous cows, as was the amount of FAS protein in early lactation. Two bands of protease activity were found in milk samples, and one of the bands had an apparent molecular weight similar to gelatinase A and was dependent on the stage of lactation. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 increased with day of lactation and was higher in primiparous cows. Serum prolactin decreased in late lactation, but peak values were observed in early lactation for primiparous cows and peak lactation for multiparous cows. Milk STC content increased with advancing lactation. The results are consistent with a lower degree of differentiation and a greater capacity for cell renewal in the mammary gland of primiparous cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Miller
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zaidi D, James KA, Wagner GF. Passive immunization of lactating mice with stanniocalcin-1 antiserum reduces mammary gland development, milk fat content, and postnatal pup growth. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006; 291:E974-81. [PMID: 16772321 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00601.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy and lactation in rodents, stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) production by the ovaries is upregulated markedly and released into the circulation. The mammary glands are one target of this systemically delivered hormone. The purpose of this study was to lower serum levels of STC-1 in lactating mice through passive immunization so as to monitor the effects on mammary gland function and postnatal pup growth. Passive immunization significantly reduced circulating hormone levels, and pup growth was significantly compromised (30%), even though control and experimental litters had ingested equal amounts of milk. When mammary glands were analyzed, the alveolar area was significantly reduced in antibody-treated mothers. An analysis of milk composition revealed no changes in lactose, protein, or electrolyte levels but an approximately 40% reduction in triglyceride levels. The latter was due to a significant reduction in mammary gland lipoprotein lipase activity and led to a significant buildup of triglycerides in the serum. Body fat content was also significantly reduced in pups from antibody-treated mothers, whereas pup fecal fat content was increased. In mothers, passive immunization also caused significant behavioral effects, in particular, increased locomotor and hindleg rearing activities. Collectively, the results suggest that systemically derived STC-1 has important effects on mammary gland development and the transfer of serum-based triglycerides into milk. Locomotor effects suggest that STC-1 also has a role in maternal behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deenaz Zaidi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Delbecchi L, Lacasse P. Short Communication: Suppression of Estrous Cycles in Lactating Cows Has No Effect on Milk Production. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89:636-9. [PMID: 16428633 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The decline in milk yield observed after peak production in dairy animals results from apoptotic death of mammary epithelial cells. In cows, this decrease in milk yield can be accelerated by injection of 17beta-estradiol, thus evoking a possible role of estrogens in the regulation of bovine mammary gland involution. In nonpregnant cows, mammary involution could be induced or enhanced by the return of estrous cycles and the accompanying cyclic peaks of estrogen concentration in the serum of lactating animals. To test this hypothesis, we inserted implants of a GnRH agonist, deslorelin, in an ear of each cow (n = 10) on d 10 and 100 of lactation, to temporarily suppress the return of ovarian cycles. Cows were studied from calving to d 210 of lactation. Deslorelin had no impact on feed intake or animal health. Deslorelin significantly reduced serum concentrations of 17beta-estradiol and progesterone as compared with untreated cows (n = 10). Deslorelin had no effect on milk fat and protein, whereas milk lactose content was lower in treated cows than in control cows on d 100 of lactation. Finally, there was no difference in milk production between the 2 groups of cows. These results are consistent with previous observations that showed that delaying estrous cycles after calving had no effect on milk yield and they extend those observations to late lactation. Based on milk production data, the estrogen profiles associated with recurring estrous cycles apparently do not cause bovine mammary tissue to undergo gradual involution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Delbecchi
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 Rte 108 East Lennoxville, QC, Canada, J1M 1Z3.
| | | |
Collapse
|