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Criss CR, Makary MS. Liver-Directed Locoregional Therapies for Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases: Recent Advances and Management. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:2076-2091. [PMID: 38668057 PMCID: PMC11049250 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31040154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous class of cancers, predominately occurring in the gastroenteropancreatic system, which pose a growing health concern with a significant rise in incidence over the past four decades. Emerging from neuroendocrine cells, these tumors often elicit paraneoplastic syndromes such as carcinoid syndrome, which can manifest as a constellation of symptoms significantly impacting patients' quality of life. The prognosis of NETs is influenced by their tendency for metastasis, especially in cases involving the liver, where the estimated 5-year survival is between 20 and 40%. Although surgical resection remains the preferred curative option, challenges emerge in cases of neuroendocrine tumors with liver metastasis (NELM) with multifocal lobar involvement, and many patients may not meet the criteria for surgery. Thus, minimally invasive and non-surgical treatments, such as locoregional therapies, have surfaced. Overall, these approaches aim to prioritize symptom relief and aid in overall tumor control. This review examines locoregional therapies, encompassing catheter-driven procedures, ablative techniques, and radioembolization therapies. These interventions play a pivotal role in enhancing progression-free survival and managing hormonal symptoms, contributing to the dynamic landscape of evolving NELM treatment. This review meticulously explores each modality, presenting the current state of the literature on their utilization and efficacy in addressing NELM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody R. Criss
- Department of Internal Medicine, OhioHealth Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH 43214, USA;
| | - Mina S. Makary
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43240, USA
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Liu C, Chen X, Su H, Xia L, Lu D. Case report: Rare isolated cystic hepatic metastasis of a patient with squamous cell lung carcinoma history and the prognosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:986603. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.986603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic hepatic metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma usually develops from necrosis due to insufficient blood supply, yet metastasis initially resembling simple liver cyst is rare. Here, we present a case of a patient with squamous cell lung carcinoma history who found an isolated cystic mass in the liver. Historical MR studies indicated that the mass did not exist 12 months ago and emerged as a small cystic lesion 7 months ago. Radiological findings and tumor markers level suggested metastasis, while 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT showed moderate tracer uptakes in solid parts of the mass. Pathological study after surgery confirmed metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Chemotherapy plus recombinant human endostatin and sintilimab therapy was employed after surgery; however, the patient developed remote metastasis of osteolytic lesions in the humerus bone and thoracic vertebra. Our case indicates that metastasis should be taken into consideration in emerging cystic hepatic lesion with malignant history.
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Kanabar R, Barriuso J, McNamara MG, Mansoor W, Hubner RA, Valle JW, Lamarca A. Liver Embolisation for Patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Systematic Review. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:354-369. [PMID: 32172229 DOI: 10.1159/000507194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver embolisation is one of the treatment options available for patients diagnosed with neuro-endocrine neoplasms (NEN). It is still uncertain whether the benefits of the various types of embolisation treatments truly outweigh the complications in NENs. This systematic review assesses the available data relating to liver embolisation in patients with NENs. METHODS Eligible studies (identified using MEDLINE-PubMed) were those reporting data on NEN patients who had undergone any type of liver embolisation. The primary end points were best radiological response and symptomatic response; secondary end-points included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and toxicity. RESULTS Of 598 studies screened, 101 were eligible: 16 were prospective (15.8%). The eligible studies included a total of 5,545 NEN patients, with a median of 39 patients per study (range 5-214). Pooled rate of partial response was 36.6% (38.9% achieved stable disease) and 55.2% of patients had a symptomatic response to therapy when pooled data were analysed. The median PFS and OS were 18.4 months (95% CI 15.5-21.2) and 40.7 months (95% CI 35.2-46.2) respectively. The most common toxicities were found to be abdominal pain (48.8%) and nausea (48.1%). Outcome did not significantly vary depending on the type of embolisation performed. CONCLUSION Liver embolisation provides adequate symptom relief for patients with carcinoid syndrome and is also able to reach partial response in a significant proportion of patients and a reasonable PFS. Quality of studies was limited, highlighting the need of further prospective studies to confirm the most suitable form of liver embolisation in NENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kanabar
- Manchester Medical School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom,
| | - Jorge Barriuso
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mairéad G McNamara
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Was Mansoor
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A Hubner
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Juan W Valle
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Methods to radiolabel somatostatin analogs with [18F]fluoride: current status, challenges, and progress in clinical applications. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Grewal J, Benhammou J, Patel PV, Saab S, Choi G. Casting a Wider NET: An Unusual Cause of Acute Liver Failure in a Pregnant Patient. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:3102-3105. [PMID: 32671591 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
We present a case patient in her second trimester of pregnancy who developed acute liver failure from metastatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET). Although she underwent prompt induction of a non-viable fetus due to initial concerns of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome, her liver function continued to deteriorate postpartum. She was subsequently transferred to our institution in order to undergo further evaluation that included a transjugular liver biopsy and subsequent diagnosis of high-grade NET. She was given salvage carboplatin-based chemotherapy, as she was not a liver transplant candidate. Unfortunately, the patient expired from cardiovascular collapse as a component of multiorgan failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Grewal
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jihane Benhammou
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Departments of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Priyal V Patel
- Departments of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sammy Saab
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Departments of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Pfleger Liver Institute, UCLA Medical Center, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 214, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gina Choi
- Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Departments of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Pfleger Liver Institute, UCLA Medical Center, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 214, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Cai JS, Chen HY, Lu YF, Yu RS. A prognostic nomogram in patients with distant metastasis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a population-based study. Future Oncol 2019; 16:4369-4379. [PMID: 31802701 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Prognostic factors in patients with distant metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) remain uncertain. The purpose of our study is to establish a nomogram to predict survival outcomes in patients with metastatic PNETs. Methods: A total of 878 patients diagnosed with PNETs in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database between 2004 and 2016 were retrospectively identified. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with log-rank test was used to analyze survival outcomes. The nomogram was established after a univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. Results: The independent prognostic variables, including age, tumor grade and primary site surgery were applied to develop a nomogram. The original concordance index was 0.773 (95% CI: 0.751-0.795), and the bias-corrected concordance index was 0.769 (95% CI: 0.748-0.791). The internal calibration curves showed well consistency and veracity in predicting cancer-specific survival probabilities. Conclusion: A nomogram was constructed and verified to predict survival outcomes in patients with distant-stage PNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Song Cai
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hai-Yan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuan-Fei Lu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Ri-Sheng Yu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
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