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Huang W, Shen B, Li X, Zhang T, Zhou X. Benefits of Combining Sonchus brachyotus DC. Extracts and Synbiotics in Alleviating Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Foods 2023; 12:3393. [PMID: 37761102 PMCID: PMC10530047 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, commonly abbreviated to NAFLD, is a pervasive ailment within the digestive system, exhibiting a rising prevalence, and impacting individuals at increasingly younger ages. Those afflicted by NAFLD face a heightened vulnerability to the onset of profound liver fibrosis, cardiovascular complications, and malignancies. Currently, NAFLD poses a significant threat to human health, and there is no approved therapeutic treatment for it. Recent studies have shown that synbiotics, which regulate intestinal microecology, can positively impact glucolipid metabolism, and improve NAFLD-related indicators. Sonchus brachyotus DC., a Chinese herb, exhibits hepatoprotective and potent antioxidant properties, suggesting its potential therapeutic use in NAFLD. Our preclinical animal model investigation suggests that the synergy between Sonchus brachyotus DC. extracts and synbiotics is significantly more effective in preventing and treating NAFLD, compared to the isolated use of either component. As a result, this combination holds the potential to introduce a fresh and encouraging therapeutic approach to addressing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Huang
- College of Life Sciences & Health, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; (W.H.); (B.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Boyuan Shen
- College of Life Sciences & Health, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; (W.H.); (B.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xiumei Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of CAAS, Beijing 100000, China;
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences & Health, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; (W.H.); (B.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xiang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences & Health, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; (W.H.); (B.S.); (T.Z.)
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Dietary Supplementation with Sea Buckthorn Berry Puree Alters Plasma Metabolomic Profile and Gut Microbiota Composition in Hypercholesterolemia Population. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162481. [PMID: 36010480 PMCID: PMC9407212 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea buckthorn berries have been reported to have beneficial effects on plasma lipid profile and cardiovascular health. This study aimed to investigate the impact of intervention with sea buckthorn berry puree on plasma metabolomics profile and gut microbiota in hypercholesterolemic subjects. A total of 56 subjects with hypercholesterolemia consumed 90 g of sea buckthorn berry puree daily for 90 days, and plasma metabolomic profile was studied at 0 (baseline), 45, and 90 days of intervention by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). Gut microbiota composition was analyzed at the baseline and after 90 days of supplementation by using high-throughput sequencing. The plasma metabolic profile was significantly altered after 45 days of intervention as compared to the baseline (day 0). A clear trend of returning to the baseline metabolomic profile was observed in plasma when the intervention extended from 45 days to 90 days. Despite this, the levels of several key plasma metabolites such as glucose, lactate, and creatine were lowered at day 90 compared to the baseline levels, suggesting an improved energy metabolism in those patients. In addition, intervention with sea buckthorn puree enriched butyrate-producing bacteria and other gut microbes linked to lipid metabolisms such as Prevotella and Faecalibacterium while depleting Parasutterella associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease. These findings indicate that sea buckthorn berries have potential in modulating energy metabolism and the gut microbiota composition in hypercholesterolemic patients.
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Gart E, Salic K, Morrison MC, Giera M, Attema J, de Ruiter C, Caspers M, Schuren F, Bobeldijk-Pastorova I, Heer M, Qin Y, Kleemann R. The Human Milk Oligosaccharide 2′-Fucosyllactose Alleviates Liver Steatosis, ER Stress and Insulin Resistance by Reducing Hepatic Diacylglycerols and Improved Gut Permeability in Obese Ldlr-/-.Leiden Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:904740. [PMID: 35782914 PMCID: PMC9248376 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.904740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex multifactorial disorder that is associated with gut dysbiosis, enhanced gut permeability, adiposity and insulin resistance. Prebiotics such as human milk oligosaccharide 2′-fucosyllactose are thought to primarily improve gut health and it is uncertain whether they would affect more distant organs. This study investigates whether 2′-fucosyllactose can alleviate NAFLD development in manifest obesity. Obese hyperinsulinemic Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice, after an 8 week run-in on a high-fat diet (HFD), were treated with 2′-fucosyllactose by oral gavage until week 28 and compared to HFD-vehicle controls. 2′-fucosyllactose did not affect food intake, body weight, total fat mass or plasma lipids. 2′-fucosyllactose altered the fecal microbiota composition which was paralleled by a suppression of HFD-induced gut permeability at t = 12 weeks. 2′-fucosyllactose significantly attenuated the development of NAFLD by reducing microvesicular steatosis. These hepatoprotective effects were supported by upstream regulator analyses showing that 2′-fucosyllactose activated ACOX1 (involved in lipid catabolism), while deactivating SREBF1 (involved in lipogenesis). Furthermore, 2′-fucosyllactose suppressed ATF4, ATF6, ERN1, and NUPR1 all of which participate in endoplasmic reticulum stress. 2′-fucosyllactose reduced fasting insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR, which was corroborated by decreased intrahepatic diacylglycerols. In conclusion, long-term supplementation with 2′-fucosyllactose can counteract the detrimental effects of HFD on gut dysbiosis and gut permeability and attenuates the development of liver steatosis. The observed reduction in intrahepatic diacylglycerols provides a mechanistic rationale for the improvement of hyperinsulinemia and supports the use of 2′-fucosyllactose to correct dysmetabolism and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Gart
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Eveline Gart,
| | - Kanita Salic
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martine C. Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Joline Attema
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Christa de Ruiter
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martien Caspers
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Frank Schuren
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Ivana Bobeldijk-Pastorova
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Yan Qin
- Human Nutrition, BASF Pte Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
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Exogenous lipase administration alters gut microbiota composition and ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in APP/PS1 mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4797. [PMID: 35314754 PMCID: PMC8938460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents the most common form of dementia in the elderly with no available disease modifying treatments. Altered gut microbial composition has been widely acknowledged as a common feature of AD, which potentially contributes to progression or onset of AD. To assess the hypothesis that Candida rugosa lipase (CRL), which has been shown to enhance gut microbiome and metabolite composition, can rebalance the gut microbiome composition and reduce AD pathology, the treatment effects in APPswe/PS1de9 (APP/PS1) mice were investigated. The analysis revealed an increased abundance of Acetatifactor and Clostridiales vadin BB60 genera in the gut; increased lipid hydrolysis in the gut lumen, normalization of peripheral unsaturated fatty acids, and reduction of neuroinflammation and memory deficits post treatment. Finally, we demonstrated that the evoked benefits on memory could be transferred via fecal matter transplant (FMT) into antibiotic-induced microbiome-depleted (AIMD) wildtype mice, ameliorating their memory deficits. The findings herein contributed to improve our understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in AD’s complex networks and suggested that targeted modification of the gut could contribute to amelioration of AD neuropathology.
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Xie G, Jiang R, Wang X, Liu P, Zhao A, Wu Y, Huang F, Liu Z, Rajani C, Zheng X, Qiu J, Zhang X, Zhao S, Bian H, Gao X, Sun B, Jia W. Conjugated secondary 12α-hydroxylated bile acids promote liver fibrogenesis. EBioMedicine 2021; 66:103290. [PMID: 33752128 PMCID: PMC8010625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significantly elevated serum and hepatic bile acid (BA) concentrations have been known to occur in patients with liver fibrosis. However, the roles of different BA species in liver fibrogenesis are not fully understood. METHODS We quantitatively measured blood BA concentrations in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients with liver fibrosis and healthy controls. We characterized BA composition in three mouse models induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), streptozotocin-high fat diet (STZ-HFD), and long term HFD, respectively. The molecular mechanisms underlying the fibrosis-promoting effects of BAs were investigated in cell line models, a 3D co-culture system, and a Tgr5 (HSC-specific) KO mouse model. FINDINGS We found that a group of conjugated 12α-hydroxylated (12α-OH) BAs, such as taurodeoxycholate (TDCA) and glycodeoxycholate (GDCA), significantly increased in NASH patients and liver fibrosis mouse models. 12α-OH BAs significantly increased HSC proliferation and protein expression of fibrosis-related markers. Administration of TDCA and GDCA directly activated HSCs and promoted liver fibrogenesis in mouse models. Blockade of BA binding to TGR5 or inhibition of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling both significantly attenuated the BA-induced fibrogenesis. Liver fibrosis was attenuated in mice with Tgr5 depletion. INTERPRETATION Increased hepatic concentrations of conjugated 12α-OH BAs significantly contributed to liver fibrosis via TGR5 mediated p38MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling. Strategies to antagonize TGR5 or inhibit ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling may effectively prevent or reverse liver fibrosis. FUNDINGS This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute Grant 1U01CA188387-01A1, the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0906800); the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation (81430062); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81974073, 81774196), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project, China (2016T90381), and E-institutes of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, China (E03008).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Xie
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Human Metabolomics Institute, Inc., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China
| | - Runqiu Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping Liu
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- The iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Fengjie Huang
- Human Metabolomics Institute, Inc., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Cynthia Rajani
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiannan Qiu
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- The iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hua Bian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; Hong Kong Traditional Chinese Medicine Phenome Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China; Lead contact.
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LeBrun ES, Nighot M, Dharmaprakash V, Kumar A, Lo CC, Chain PSG, Ma TY. The Gut Microbiome and Alcoholic Liver Disease: Ethanol Consumption Drives Consistent and Reproducible Alteration in Gut Microbiota in Mice. Life (Basel) 2020; 11:7. [PMID: 33374112 PMCID: PMC7823357 DOI: 10.3390/life11010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic health effects, both positive and negative, have been well studied in association with the consumption of alcohol in humans as well as several other mammals including mice. Many studies have also associated these same health effects and phenotypes to specific members of gut microbiome communities. Here we utilized a chronic plus binge ethanol feed model (Gao-binge model) to explore microbiome community changes across three independent experiments performed in mice. We found significant and reproducible differences in microbiome community assemblies between ethanol-treated mice and control mice on the same diet absent of ethanol. We also identified significant differences in gut microbiota occurring temporally with ethanol treatment. Peak shift in communities was observed 4 days after the start of daily alcohol consumption. We quantitatively identified many of the bacterial genera indicative of these ethanol-induced shifts including 20 significant genera when comparing ethanol treatments with controls and 14 significant genera based on temporal investigation. Including overlap of treatment with temporal shifts, we identified 25 specific genera of interest in ethanol treatment microbiome shifts. Shifts coincide with observed presentation of fatty deposits in the liver tissue, i.e., Alcoholic Liver Disease-associated phenotype. The evidence presented herein, derived from three independent experiments, points to the existence of a common, reproducible, and characterizable "mouse ethanol gut microbiome".
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick S. LeBrun
- Biosecurity and Public Health, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (E.S.L.); (A.K.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Meghali Nighot
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.N.); (V.D.)
| | - Viszwapriya Dharmaprakash
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.N.); (V.D.)
| | - Anand Kumar
- Biosecurity and Public Health, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (E.S.L.); (A.K.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Chien-Chi Lo
- Biosecurity and Public Health, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (E.S.L.); (A.K.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Patrick S. G. Chain
- Biosecurity and Public Health, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (E.S.L.); (A.K.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Thomas Y. Ma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.N.); (V.D.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Dysregulated Autophagy Mediates Sarcopenic Obesity and Its Complications via AMPK and PGC1α Signaling Pathways: Potential Involvement of Gut Dysbiosis as a Pathological Link. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186887. [PMID: 32961822 PMCID: PMC7555990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SOB), which is closely related to being elderly as a feature of aging, is recently gaining attention because it is associated with many other age-related diseases that present as altered intercellular communication, dysregulated nutrient sensing, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Along with insulin resistance and inflammation as the core pathogenesis of SOB, autophagy has recently gained attention as a significant mechanism of muscle aging in SOB. Known as important cellular metabolic regulators, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling pathways play an important role in autophagy, inflammation, and insulin resistance, as well as mutual communication between skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver. Furthermore, AMPK and PGC-1α signaling pathways are implicated in the gut microbiome-muscle axis. In this review, we describe the pathological link between SOB and its associated complications such as metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver disease, falls and fractures, osteoarthritis, pulmonary disease, and mental health via dysregulated autophagy controlled by AMPK and/or PGC-1α signaling pathways. Here, we propose potential treatments for SOB by modulating autophagy activity and gut dysbiosis based on plausible pathological links.
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Giuffrè M, Campigotto M, Campisciano G, Comar M, Crocè LS. A story of liver and gut microbes: how does the intestinal flora affect liver disease? A review of the literature. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G889-G906. [PMID: 32146836 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00161.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Each individual is endowed with a unique gut microbiota (GM) footprint that mediates numerous host-related physiological functions, such as nutrient metabolism, maintenance of the structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation, and protection against microbial pathogens. Because of increased scientific interest in the GM, its central role in the pathophysiology of many intestinal and extraintestinal conditions has been recognized. Given the close relationship between the gastrointestinal tract and the liver, many pathological processes have been investigated in the light of a microbial-centered hypothesis of hepatic damage. In this review we introduce to neophytes the vast world of gut microbes, including prevalent bacterial distribution in healthy individuals, how the microbiota is commonly analyzed, and the current knowledge of the role of GM in liver disease pathophysiology. Also, we highlight the potentials and downsides of GM-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Giuffrè
- Dipartimento Universitario Clinico di Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Campigotto
- Dipartimento Universitario Clinico di Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Campisciano
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Manola Comar
- Dipartimento Universitario Clinico di Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lory Saveria Crocè
- Dipartimento Universitario Clinico di Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italy.,Clinica Patologie del Fegato, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Italy.,Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Trieste, Italy
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Altered gut-liver axis in liver diseases. LIVER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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