1
|
Cheng G, Hu T, Zeng Y, Yan L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Xia J, Dong H, Chen D, Cheng T, Peng G, Zhang L. Enhancing immune response, antioxidant capacity, and gut health in growing beagles through a chitooligosaccharide diet. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1283248. [PMID: 38274661 PMCID: PMC10808298 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1283248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) have attracted significant attention due to their unique biological activities, water solubility, and absorbable properties. The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of COS-supplemented diets on the immune response, antioxidative capacity, hematology, serum biochemistry, and modulation of intestinal microbiota in growing beagles. Twelve weaning male beagles (6 weeks old; weighing 3.6 ± 0.6 kg) were fed either a control diet (food without COS, n = 6) or a COS-supplemented diet (n = 6) twice daily for 7 weeks. Blood samples collected at weeks 4 and 7 indicated that hematology and serum biochemistry remained unaffected by COS supplementation. Compared with the control group, the test group showed higher levels of serum antibodies against the canine distemper virus and parvovirus, higher levels of immunoglobulin A, G, and M, and increased activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. In addition, COS was observed to modulate the intestinal flora by enhancing the presence of probiotics, such as Muribaculaceae, Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group, Lactobacillus, Collinsella, Blautia, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. In summary, a COS-supplemented diet could effectively improve dog health by regulating immune function and antioxidant responses and modulating intestinal microbiota. This study highlights the potentiality of using COS as a valuable nutraceutical for growing dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Cheng
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangchun Yan
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanglu Liu
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjin Wang
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - JieYing Xia
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Dong
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Sichuan Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Cheng
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Uyanga VA, Ejeromedoghene O, Lambo MT, Alowakennu M, Alli YA, Ere-Richard AA, Min L, Zhao J, Wang X, Jiao H, Onagbesan OM, Lin H. Chitosan and chitosan‑based composites as beneficial compounds for animal health: Impact on gastrointestinal functions and biocarrier application. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
|
3
|
Liu N, Shen H, Zhang F, Liu X, Xiao Q, Jiang Q, Tan B, Ma X. Applications and prospects of functional oligosaccharides in pig nutrition: A review. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
|
4
|
Wang R, Chen J, Gooneratne R, He X, Huang J, Zhao Z. Effects of varied molecular weight of chitosan oligosaccharides on growth performance, carcass trait, meat quality, and fat metabolism in indigenous yellow-feathered chickens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
5
|
Zhou H, Yu B, Chen H, Chen D. Carbohydrates effects on nutrition and health functions in pigs. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13557. [PMID: 33899995 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The greatest improvement in carbohydrates studies on pig nutrition and health is that carbohydrates are classified more clearly, which is based not only on their chemical structure but also on their physiological characteristics. Besides its primary energy source, different types and structures of carbohydrates are a benefit for nutrition and health functions in pigs, which are involved in promoting growth performance and intestinal functions, regulating the community of gut microbiota, and modulating the lipids and glucose metabolism. The underlying mechanism of carbohydrates regulates the lipids and glucose metabolism through their metabolites (short-chain fatty acids [SCFAs]) and mainly via the SCFAs-GPR43/41-PYY/GLP1, SCFAs-AMP/ATP-AMPK, and SCFAs-AMPK-G6Pase/PEPCK pathways. Emerging research had evaluated an optimal combination in different types and structures of carbohydrates, which could enhance growth performance and nutrient digestibility, promote intestinal functions, and increase the abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria in pigs. Overall, compelling evidence supports the notion that carbohydrates play important roles in both nutrition and health functions in pigs. Moreover, identifying the carbohydrates combinations will be of both theoretical and practical values for developing the technology of carbohydrates balance in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Effects of diet chitosan oligosaccharide on performance and immune response of sows and their offspring. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
7
|
Hu J, Park JW, Kim IH. Effect of dietary supplementation with brewer's yeast hydrolysate on growth performance, faecal microbial counts, diarrhoea score, blood profile, rectal temperature in weanling pigs challenged with lipopolysaccharide. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:629-636. [PMID: 31899588 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of brewer's yeast hydrolysate (BYH) supplementation on growth performance, blood profile, diarrhoea score, faecal microbial and rectal temperature in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenged in weanling pigs. A total of 40 cross-bred weanling pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight of 8.15 ± 0.87 kg were used in a 6 weeks experiment. Pigs were randomly allotted to the following four dietary treatments (five pigs/two replicate/treatment) according to their initial body weight and gender. Treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet + Saline injection; NC, basal diet + LPS challenge; PC1, basal diet + 1.0% BYH + saline injection; and PC2, basal diet + 1.0% BYH + LPS challenge. Our results demonstrated pig fed diets with BYH had higher (p < .05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) during week 2-4 as well as gain:feed (G:F) during the whole experimental period than pigs fed diets without BYH. At the end of experiment, faecal Escherichia coli counts in pigs with an LPS injection tended to increase (p = .08). Meanwhile, the rectal temperature concentration of IgM and lymphocyte percentage in pigs with an LPS injection increase (p = .05) at 6 and 12 hr. In conclusion, the supplementation of 1.0% BYH can improve ADFI and G:F, as well as may reduce the diarrhoea in weanling pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jae Won Park
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li J, Cheng Y, Chen Y, Qu H, Zhao Y, Wen C, Zhou Y. Dietary Chitooligosaccharide Inclusion as an Alternative to Antibiotics Improves Intestinal Morphology, Barrier Function, Antioxidant Capacity, and Immunity of Broilers at Early Age. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9080493. [PMID: 31357589 PMCID: PMC6719223 DOI: 10.3390/ani9080493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary At early an age, broilers are susceptible to exterior stressors and therefore have a higher disease incidence rate. Antibiotic growth promoters have been forbidden in animal production by the European Union and other countries since their usage has caused potentially adverse effects such as antibiotic residues in livestock, environmental pollution, and the generation of drug-resistant bacteria. The search for safe and environmentally friendly alternatives to antibiotics to prevent disease and promote growth has become necessary in poultry production. Chitooligosaccharide (COS), a natural alkaline polymer of glucosamine with a number of bioactive groups, is easily obtained by chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan, which is the second most abundant carbohydrate polymer in nature. Our results indicated that dietary supplementation with chitooligosaccharide, at a dosage of 30 mg/kg, enhanced the feed conversion ratio, benefited the intestinal morphology and barrier function, and improved antioxidant capacity and immunity in broilers at 21 days of age. These effects were similar with those observed as a result of chlortetracycline inclusion. Therefore, dietary COS supplementation can be used as a potential alternative to antibiotics in broilers. Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of chitooligosaccharide (COS) inclusion as an alternative to antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal morphology, barrier function, antioxidant capacity, and immunity in broilers. In total, 144 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned into 3 groups and fed a basal diet free from antibiotics (control group) or the same basal diet further supplemented with either chlortetracycline (antibiotic group) or COS, for 21 days. Compared with the control group, inclusion of COS reduced the feed to gain ratio, the jejunal crypt depth, the plasma diamine oxidase activity, and the endotoxin concentration, as well as jejunal and ileal malondialdehyde contents, whereas increased duodenal villus height, duodenal and jejunal ratio of villus height to crypt depth, intestinal immunoglobulin G, and jejunal immunoglobulin M (IgM) contents were observed, with the values of these parameters being similar or better to that of the antibiotic group. Additionally, supplementation with COS enhanced the superoxide dismutase activity and IgM content of the duodenum and up-regulated the mRNA level of claudin three in the jejunum and ileum, when compared with the control and antibiotic groups. In conclusion, dietary COS inclusion (30 mg/kg), as an alternative to antibiotics, exerts beneficial effects on growth performance, intestinal morphology, barrier function, antioxidant capacity, and immunity in broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yefei Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hengman Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yurui Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chao Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guan G, Azad MAK, Lin Y, Kim SW, Tian Y, Liu G, Wang H. Biological Effects and Applications of Chitosan and Chito-Oligosaccharides. Front Physiol 2019; 10:516. [PMID: 31133871 PMCID: PMC6514239 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The numerous functional properties and biological effects of chitosan and chito-oligosaccharides (COS) have led to a significant level of interest, particularly with regard to their potential use in the agricultural, environmental, nutritional, and pharmaceutical fields. This review covers recent studies on the biological functions of COS and the impacts of dietary chitosan and COS on metabolism. The majority of results suggest that the use of chitosan as a feed additive has favorable biological effects, such as antimicrobial, anti-oxidative, cholesterol reducing, and immunomodulatory effects. The biological impacts reviewed herein may provide a new appreciation for the future use of COS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Guan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Md. Abul Kalam Azad
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanshan Lin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Yun Tian
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Broom LJ. Gut barrier function: Effects of (antibiotic) growth promoters on key barrier components and associations with growth performance. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1572-1578. [PMID: 29462405 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut barrier, comprising the microbiota and their products, mucus layers, host-derived antimicrobial compounds [e.g., host defense peptides (HDP), IgA], epithelium, and underlying immune tissues, performs the essential function of preventing the passage of harmful microorganisms and substances into the body, while enabling the acquisition of dietary nutrients. Antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) are widely accepted as the "gold standard" of performance-enhancing feed additives, which had become integral and valuable components of modern, efficient animal production, but are now being phased out in many parts of the world. This review, therefore, examines the reported effects of AGP on the key components of gut barrier function, particularly where corresponding (positive) growth performance data were provided to indicate that any changes were beneficial, and some important trends do emerge. Certain bacterial families (e.g., Lachnospiraceae), genera (e.g., Faecalibacterium, Propionibacterium, and Ruminococcus), or species (e.g., F. prausnitzii, B. fragilis, and some Lactobacillus spp.) have been reported to increase with AGP use, are associated with improved growth performance, and show benefit across species, which may be related to their production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Various studies have investigated the effects of AGP on mucus-related parameters (e.g., goblet cell size, density, and mucin mRNA expression) but these do not always seem to correlate well with the actual physical characteristics of the mucus layer(s). Surprisingly, there are little data relating to HDP or IgA, even though they have recognized benefits. There are clear AGP benefits on epithelial structure and function (e.g., nutrient digestibility), and these may (currently) provide the most reliable indicators of the efficacy of growth promoters. Data investigating effects on gut immune parameters (e.g., cell populations, cytokines, and chemokines), with corresponding growth performance, are limited and require further detailed interrogation. This review highlights both important observations related to the effects of AGP on key gut barrier components, with associated growth performance, and areas that require further investigation, thus providing an informative basis for assessing the potential of AGP alternatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leon J Broom
- Gut Health Consultancy, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Antibiotics have been widely used in piglet diets to promote growth performance and reduce diarrhea incidence. However, the resistance of pathogens to antibiotics and the risk of residues of antibiotics in animal products induced a growing interest in the use of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. Chito-oligosaccharide (COS), a natural alkaline polymer of glucosamine is currently being tested as a substitute for in-feed antibiotics. In weaned piglets, COS has positive effects on promoting growth, which may be related to its action on intestinal morphology, immune ability and beneficial microbiota. However, previous studies shown variable results with effective doses ranging from 30 mg/kg to 5 g/kg. Therefore, the goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that the use of COS can be an alternative to in-feed antibiotics by improve the intestinal morphology of piglets, using the jejunal explant model. The intestinal explants were exposed for 4 h to following treatments: control - only culture media and culture media with COS in doses of 0.025 mg/ml, 0.05 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/ml and 0.15 mg/ml. After the incubation period the explants were processed for histological and morphometrical analysis. The histological changes were evaluated using an adapted histological score based on the intensity and severity of lesions. Mild histological changes were observed in jejunal explants exposed to different treatments; however, no significant difference in the histological score, villi height, crypt depth or villus : crypt ratio were observed between the COS-groups and the control. In addition, goblet cells density in intestinal explants exposed to COS remained statistically similar to control group. Our results indicate that COS exposure in levels ranging from 0.025 to 0.15 mg/ml induced no effect on intestinal morphology of pig's explants. The research will provide guidance on the low dosage of COS supplementation on weaning pigs.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lei XJ, Kim YM, Park JH, Baek DH, Nyachoti CM, Kim IH. Effects of levan-type fructan on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, diarrhoea scores, faecal shedding of total lactic acid bacteria and coliform bacteria, and faecal gas emission in weaning pigs. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1539-1544. [PMID: 28802013 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of antibiotics as growth promoters in feed has been fully or partially banned in several countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of levan-type fructan on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal shedding of lactic acid bacteria and coliform bacteria, diarrhoea scores, and faecal gas emission in weaning pigs. A total of 144 weaning pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] were randomly allocated to four diets: corn-soybean meal-based diets supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 g kg-1 levan-type fructan during this 42-day experiment. RESULTS During days 0 to 21 and 0 to 42, average daily gain and average daily feed intake were linearly increased (P < 0.01) with increasing dietary levan-type fructan inclusion. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy were linearly increased (P < 0.001) with increasing dietary levan-type fructan content. With increasing levels of levan-type fructan, faecal lactic acid bacteria counts were linearly increased (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION The results indicate that dietary supplementation with increasing levan-type fructan enhanced growth performance, improved nutrient digestibility, and increased faecal lactic acid bacteria counts in weaning pigs linearly. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jian Lei
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Dong Heon Baek
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Dankook University Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | | | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu T, Wang Y, Chen S, Hu M, Wang Z, Wu G, Ma X, Chen Z, Zheng C. Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosan Supplementation Increases the Population of Prevotella in the Cecal Contents of Weanling Pigs. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2182. [PMID: 29163454 PMCID: PMC5682002 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight chitosan (LC) promoted growth in weaned piglets as an alternative to feed-grade antibiotics. To investigate the influence of LC supplementation on piglets' gut microbiome and compare the differences in community composition between LC and antibiotics with ZnO addition, we assessed the cecal microbial community by 16S rRNA gene sequencing with three treatments consisting of basal diet (CTR group), basal diet with low-molecular-weight chitosan (LC group), and basal diet with antibiotic and ZnO (AZ group). LC decreased pH more than AZ did in the cecum (both compared to CTR). Beta diversity analysis showed that community structure was distinctly different among the CTR, LC, and AZ treatments, indicating that either LC or AZ treatment modulated the piglet microbiota. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria dominated the community [>98% of operational taxonomic units (OTUs)] in piglet cecal contents. Compared to CTR, both LC, and AZ increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes while they decreased the count of Firmicutes and AZ decreased the population of Proteobacteria. In CTR the top four abundant genera were Prevotella (~10.4%), Succinivibrio (~6.2%), Lactobacillus (~5.6%), and Anaerovibrio (5.4%). Both LC and AZ increased the relative abundance of Prevotella but decreased the ratio of Lactobacillus when they compared with CTR. Moreover, LC increased the relative abundance of Succinivibrio and Anaerovibrio while AZ decreased them. The microbial function prediction showed LC enriched more pathways in the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins than CTR or AZ did. LC may potentially function as an alternative to feed-grade antibiotics in weaned piglets due to its beneficial regulation of the intestinal microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Hebei Depond Animal Health Care Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shicheng Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Min Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Chen
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuntian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lin SM, Jiang Y, Chen YJ, Luo L, Doolgindachbaporn S, Yuangsoi B. Effects of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) and chitooligosaccharides (COS) on growth, immune response and disease resistance of juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:40-47. [PMID: 28863890 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of oral administration of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) and chitooligosaccharides (COS), single or combined, on the growth performance, immunity and disease resistance of M. salmoides were investigated. Largemouth bass juvenile were divided into 4 groups and each group was fed with diets supplemented with or without immunostimulant for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of feeding trial, five fish per tank were sampled for immunity determination, ten fish per tank were challenged by A. hydrophila. The results showed that the largemouth bass fed with two immunostimulants alone or in combination significantly enhanced the final weight and specific growth rate (SGR), decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) in specific growth rate (SGR) between dietary COS and dietary APS. In addition, both COS and APS upregulated respiratory burst activity (RBA), phagocytic activity (PA), lysozyme activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Meanwhile, COS also exhibited a increase in total leukocyte count, nitric oxide (NO) content and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity compared to the control. When challenged with A. hydrophila, the mortality of groups fed with COS and/or APS was lower than the control (P < 0.05). Under the experimental conditions, dietary APS and COS had a synergistic effect on lysozme activity, iNOS activity, NO content and disease resistance of fish (P < 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Mei Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yong-Jun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Li Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | | | - Bundit Yuangsoi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yin J, Lee KY, Kim JK, Kim IH. Effects of different n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio on reproductive performance, fecal microbiota and nutrient digestibility of gestation-lactating sows and suckling piglets. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1744-1752. [PMID: 28594101 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary ratios of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on reproductive performance, fecal microbiota and nutrient digestibility of gestation-lactating sows and suckling piglets. Fifteen primiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly allotted into three treatments. Fed diets contained different ratios of n-6:n-3 PUFA, including 20:1, 15:1 and 10:1. No differences were detected among the treatments for average daily feed intake (ADFI) of sows and the back fat levels during lactation (P > 0.05). Body weight (BW) loss of sows after farrowing to weanling was greater in the 10:1 treatment compared with 15:1 or 20:1 (P < 0.05). In piglets, a great significant difference for BW was observed at 4 weeks (P < 0.01). Furthermore, average daily gain (ADG) of piglets in the 10:1 treatment was higher (P < 0.05). No difference was observed among treatments in nutrient digestibility of sows (P > 0.05). A great significant difference for fecal microbiota was in the 10:1 treatment compared with 20:1 and 15:1 treatments (P < 0.01). In conclusion, altering the ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA in gestation-lactating sow diet had no difference on nutrient digestibility in gestation-lactating sows, but it can partially improve reproductive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yin
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - Kwang Yong Lee
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - Jong Keun Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Suthongsa S, Pichyangkura R, Kalandakanond-Thongsong S, Thongsong B. Effects of dietary levels of chito-oligosaccharide on ileal digestibility of nutrients, small intestinal morphology and crypt cell proliferation in weaned pigs. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
17
|
Novel recombinant ferritin from Perinereis sp. alters iron profiles and improves the performance of weaned pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
Wan J, Jiang F, Xu Q, Chen D, Yu B, Huang Z, Mao X, Yu J, He J. New insights into the role of chitosan oligosaccharide in enhancing growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and intestinal development of weaned pigs. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), an oligomer ofd-glucosamine, is a vital growth stimulant in the pig industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Xu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science
- Dalian Ocean University
- Dalian 116023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lv M, Fu X, Hu L, Yue X, Han X. The Expression of Zinc Transporters Changed in the Intestine of Weaned Pigs Exposed to Zinc Chitosan Chelate. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:328-334. [PMID: 27156110 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc chitosan chelate (CS-Zn) on zinc transporter expression and content of tissue zinc in weaned piglets. A total of 90 weaned pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly allocated to treatment groups with supplementation of 100 mg/kg zinc as ZnSO4, 100 mg/kg zinc as mixture of ZnSO4 and chitosan, or 100 mg/kg zinc as CS-Zn, respectively. After 30 days of trial, 18 piglets (six pigs per treatment) were killed and the samples of duodenal mucosa were taken for analysis of zinc transporter mRNA expressions and protein abundance. The results show that CS-Zn more effectively increases (p < 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG) and serum zinc concentration. Zinc concentration in the liver and kidney did not differ between treatments. The mRNA expressions of ZnT1, ZIP4, and ZIP5 in CS-Zn treatment were all upregulated (p < 0.05) than ZnSO4 or mixture of ZnSO4 and chitosan groups. ZnT1 abundance was greater (p < 0.05) with CS-Zn as compared with ZnSO4 and mixture of ZnSO4 and chitosan treatments, whereas ZIP4 and ZIP5 abundance was higher (p < 0.05) in ZnSO4 group. The results indicate that CS-Zn is more effective in serum zinc accumulation, and it might regulate zinc homeostasis by affecting zinc transporter mRNA expression and absorption mechanism might be different with ZnSO4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiongfeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Luansha Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaojing Yue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Effects of chito-oligosaccharide on intestinal mucosal amino acid profiles and alkaline phosphatase activities, and serum biochemical variables in weaned piglets. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
21
|
Begum M, Hossain MM, Kim IH. Effects of fenugreek seed extract supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, diarrhoea scores, blood profiles, faecal microflora and faecal noxious gas emission in weanling piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 100:1121-1129. [PMID: 26947773 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary fenugreek seed extract (FSE) on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), diarrhoea scores, blood profiles, faecal microflora and faecal gas emission in weanling pigs. A total of 135 weanling pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average BW of (7.96 ± 1.03 kg; 28 days of age) were used in a 42-day study. Piglets were randomly allotted to three experimental diets with nine replicate pens and five pigs per pen. Dietary treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet; FSE1, basal diet + 0.1% FSE; FSE2, basal diet + 0.2% FSE. Pigs were fed with phase 1 (0-14 days) and phase 2 (14-42 days) diets in the form of mash. Average daily gain (ADG) was linearly increased (p = 0.031) by FSE supplementation compared with CON diet during days 0-14. From days 14-42, FSE2 diet had increased ADG and growth efficiency (G/F) compared with the CON diet (p = 0.014 and 0.026 respectively). Moreover, ADG and G/F were increased by FSE supplementation during days 0-42 (linear, p = 0.037 and 0.014 respectively). Energy digestibility was higher (linear, p = 0.030) by FSE supplementation at 6 weeks. On day 42, dietary supplementation of FSE linearly increased red blood cells (RBC) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration (p = 0.042 and 0.038 respectively). Piglets fed FSE2 diet had higher (linear, p = 0.025) serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration compared with those fed CON diet. However, piglets fed FSE2 diet had linearly reduced faecal ammonia (NH3 ) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) gas emission compared with those fed the CON diet (p = 0.018 and 0.010 respectively). In conclusion, FSE supplementation increased the performance and reduced faecal gas emission in weanling pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Begum
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - M M Hossain
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - I H Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hossain M, Park J, Kim I. δ-Aminolevulinic acid, and lactulose supplements in weaned piglets diet: Effects on performance, fecal microbiota, and in-vitro noxious gas emissions. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
23
|
Hossain MM, Begum M, Nyachoti CM, Hancock JD, Kim IH. Dietary fenugreek seed extract improves performance and reduces fecal E. coli counts and fecal gas emission in lactating sows and suckling piglets. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas-2014-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hossain, M. M., Begum, M., Nyachoti, C. M., Hancock, J. D. and Kim, I. H. 2015. Dietary fenugreek seed extract improves performance and reduces fecal E. coli counts and fecal gas emission in lactating sows and suckling piglets. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 561–568. This study evaluated the efficacy of fenugreek seed extract (FSE) in sows and suckling piglets. The trial was conducted with 78 multiparous sows and their litters in a 28-d feeding trial, and one of three diets: CON (control, basal diet); FSE1 (basal diet+0.1% FSE), and FSE2 (basal diet+0.2% FSE). Piglets suckling sows fed the FSE1 and FSE2 diets had higher average daily gain compared with those suckling sows fed the CON from week 2 to weaning (linear, P<0.05). At weaning, sows fed the FSE1 and FSE2 diets had higher immunoglobulin G and lower low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol concentrations compared with those fed the CON diet (linear, P<0.05). Sows fed the FSE2 diet linearly reduced total cholesterol concentrations at weaning (P<0.05). Piglets suckling sows fed the FSE2 diet had higher immunoglobulin G and red blood cell concentrations compared with those suckling sows fed the CON diet (linear, P<0.05). Sows fed the FSE2 diet had higher apparent total tract digestibility of N and gross energy and reduced fecal E. coli counts and ammonia gas emission compared with those fed the CON diet at weaning (linear, P<0.05). In conclusion, results indicate that feeding sows a diet supplemented with FSE in late gestation and lactation improved performance in sows and suckling piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Hossain
- Department of Animal Resource, and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam, 330-714, South Korea
| | - M. Begum
- Department of Animal Resource, and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam, 330-714, South Korea
| | - C. M. Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - J. D. Hancock
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - I. H. Kim
- Department of Animal Resource, and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam, 330-714, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Begum M, Li H, Hossain M, Kim I. Dietary bromelain-C.3.4.22.32 supplementation improves performance and gut health in sows and piglets. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
25
|
Qian L, Yue X, Hu L, Ma Y, Han X. Changes in diarrhea, nutrients apparent digestibility, digestive enzyme activities of weaned piglets in response to chitosan-zinc chelate. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:564-9. [PMID: 26304729 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A total of 120 weanling barrows weighing 6.11 ± 0.20 kg were randomly allotted to four treatments with three replications (i.e. pen) of ten piglets per replicate. Pigs were received corn-soybean basal diet (control) or the same basal diet supplemented with the following sources of zinc: (i) 100 mg/kg of Zn as ZnSO4 ; (ii) 100 mg/kg of Zn as chitosan-Zn chelate (CS-Zn); and (iii) 100 mg/kg of Zn as ZnSO4 mixed with chitosan (CS + ZnSO4 ). The results showed that CS-Zn could highly improve average daily gain and average daily feed intake than those of ZnSO4 or CS+ ZnSO4 (P < 0.05). The pigs fed dietary CS-Zn had lower diarrhea incidence and higher apparent digestibility of crude protein than those of the pigs fed dietary ZnSO4 (P < 0.05). The protease activities in duodenal content of the pigs receiving CS-Zn diets was higher than that of the pigs fed dietary ZnSO4 or CS + ZnSO4 (P < 0.05). The amylase activity in duodenal content of the pigs fed dietary CS-Zn was higher than that of the pigs receiving ZnSO4 diets or basal diets (P < 0.05). These results indicated that dietary CS-Zn showed different bioactivities from ZnSO4 or CS + ZnSO4 in reducing the incidence of diarrhea, improving activities of digestive enzymes and growth performance of weaned pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Yue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luansha Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cheng L, Wang L, Xu Q, Huang L, Zhou D, Li Z, Li S, Du Y, Yin H. Chitooligosaccharide supplementation improves the reproductive performance and milk composition of sows. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
27
|
Swiatkiewicz S, Swiatkiewicz M, Arczewska-Wlosek A, Jozefiak D. Chitosan and its oligosaccharide derivatives (chito-oligosaccharides) as feed supplements in poultry and swine nutrition. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 99:1-12. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Swiatkiewicz
- National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
| | - M. Swiatkiewicz
- National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
| | | | - D. Jozefiak
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management; Poznan University of Life Sciences; Poznan Poland
| |
Collapse
|