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Zhang H, Shen Z, Yang Z, Jiang H, Chu S, Mao Y, Li M, Chen Z, Aboragah A, Loor JJ, Yang Z. Abundance of solute carrier family 27 member 6 ( SLC27A6) in the bovine mammary gland alters fatty acid metabolism. Food Funct 2021; 12:4909-4920. [PMID: 34100479 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03289a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Milk fatty acid (FA) composition is associated with the nutritional value of milk and is known to vary with the stage of lactation. Although biochemical aspects controlling FA metabolism in the bovine mammary gland are well-established, less is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Thus, to address some of these shortcomings, the present study sought to evaluate milk FA composition and mammary transcriptome profiles at different stages of lactation. Compared with 90 d of lactation, at 315 d of lactation, there was an increase in the concentrations of C18:2, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and a decrease in C16:0 and long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in milk. To further identify candidate genes and pathways responsible for these phenotypic differences, the transcriptome of bovine mammary tissue at 90 d (peak) and 315 d (late) of lactation was profiled using RNA-seq. A total of 827 differentially expressed genes were identified. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the major differentially modulated lipid metabolic pathways were the PPAR signaling pathway, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism. Compared with peak lactation, the mammary tissue at late lactation had lower abundance of genes related to FA transport and activation (CD36, SLC27A6, ACSM1, FABP3 and FABP4). Thus, to further explore the role of FA transport into mammary cells, we knocked down fatty acid transport protein 6 (solute carrier family 27 member 6, SLC27A6) in the bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) using siRNA. The knockdown of SLC27A6 dramatically downregulated the mRNA abundance of genes associated with FA activation (ACSL4), oxidation (CPT1A) and transport (CD36), while the abundance of genes associated with transcription regulation (PPARG), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), FA binding (FABP3), and desaturation (FADS2) was upregulated. In addition, SLC27A6 silenced the intracellular content of triglyceride (TG) and the percentage of C18:1cis9 and C20:4cis5,8,11,14 was greater, whereas that of C16:0 and C18:0 was lower. Overall, in vivo results indicated that LCFA transport into mammary cells during late lactation partly explains the difference in the FA profiles. In vitro analyses underscored how FA transport via SLC27A6 could dictate in part the intracellular utilization of FA for TG synthesis versus oxidation. The data provide strong support for a central role of SLC27A6 in the regulation of FA metabolism in BMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China. and Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Ziliang Shen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Zhendong Yang
- Shandong Institute of Food and Drug Control, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Shuangfeng Chu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China. and Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yongjiang Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China. and Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Mingxun Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China. and Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China. and Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Ahmad Aboragah
- Department of Animal Sciences & Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences & Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zhangping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China. and Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Geldsetzer-Mendoza C, Cancino-Padilla N, Morales MS, Leskinen H, Garnsworthy PC, Loor JJ, Romero J. Effects of Dietary Vegetable Oils on Mammary Lipid-Related Genes in Holstein Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2019; 10:ani10010057. [PMID: 31892210 PMCID: PMC7023335 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study analyzed effects of vegetable oils fed to dairy cows on abundance of genes related to lipid metabolism in milk somatic cells (MSC). During 63 days (9 weeks), 15 cows were allocated to 3 treatments: a control diet with no added lipid and the same diet supplemented with olive oil (OO, 30 g/kg DM) or hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO, 30 g/kg DM). Dietary oil supplementation (3% DM) had a modest nutrigenomic effect on biological functions such as acetate and FA activation and intra-cellular transport, lipid droplet formation, and transcription regulation in MSC. Results suggest that long-term dietary monounsaturated and saturated lipids could alter mRNA abundance in MSC from mid-lactating cows. Abstract This study analyzed effects of vegetable oils fed to dairy cows on abundance of genes related to lipid metabolism in milk somatic cells (MSC). During 63 days, 15 cows were allocated to 3 treatments: a control diet with no added lipid the same diet supplemented with olive oil (OO, 30 g/kg DM) or hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO, 30 g/kg DM). On days 21, 42 and 63, MSC were obtained from all cows. Relative abundance of genes involved in lipid metabolism in MSC from cows fed control on days 42 and 63 was compared with relative abundance at day 21 to evaluate fold-changes. Those genes without changes over the time were selected to analyze effects of OO and HVO. Compared with control, on day 42, PLIN2 and THRSP were upregulated by OO. Compared with control, on day 21, HVO up regulated ACACA, down regulated FABP3, and on day 63 THRSP and FABP4 were down regulated. Dietary oil supplementation (3% DM) had a modest nutrigenomic effect on different biological functions such as acetate and FA activation and intra-cellular transport, lipid droplet formation, and transcription regulation in MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 6904411, Chile; (C.G.-M.); (N.C.-P.)
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-35-32-60-98
| | - Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 6904411, Chile; (C.G.-M.); (N.C.-P.)
| | - Nathaly Cancino-Padilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 6904411, Chile; (C.G.-M.); (N.C.-P.)
| | - María Sol Morales
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, La Pintana, Santiago 11735, Chile;
| | - Heidi Leskinen
- Milk Production, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland;
| | - Philip C. Garnsworthy
- School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK;
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Jaime Romero
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología en Alimentos, Unidad de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Avda. El Libano 5524, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile;
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SNP co-association and network analyses identify E2F3, KDM5A and BACH2 as key regulators of the bovine milk fatty acid profile. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17317. [PMID: 29230020 PMCID: PMC5725496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid (FA) profile has a considerable impact on the nutritional and technological quality of milk and dairy products. The molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of fat metabolism in bovine mammary gland have been not completely elucidated. We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) across 65 milk FAs and fat percentage in 1,152 Brown Swiss cows. In total, we identified 175 significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) spanning all chromosomes. Pathway analyses revealed that 12:0 was associated with the greatest number of overrepresented categories/pathways (e.g. mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and protein phosphorylation), suggesting that it might play an important biological role in controlling milk fat composition. An Associated Weight Matrix approach based on SNP co-associations predicted a network of 791 genes related to the milk FA profile, which were involved in several connected molecular pathways (e.g., MAPK, lipid metabolism and hormone signalling) and undetectable through standard GWAS. Analysis of transcription factors and their putative target genes within the network identified BACH2, E2F3 and KDM5A as key regulators of milk FA metabolism. These findings contribute to increasing knowledge of FA metabolism and mammary gland functionality in dairy cows and may be useful in developing targeted breeding practices to improve milk quality.
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Li R, Beaudoin F, Ammah AA, Bissonnette N, Benchaar C, Zhao X, Lei C, Ibeagha-Awemu EM. Deep sequencing shows microRNA involvement in bovine mammary gland adaptation to diets supplemented with linseed oil or safflower oil. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:884. [PMID: 26519053 PMCID: PMC4628385 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine milk fat composition is responsive to dietary manipulation providing an avenue to modify the content of fatty acids and especially some specific unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) isomers of benefit to human health. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression but their specific roles in bovine mammary gland lipogenesis are unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the expression pattern of miRNAs following mammary gland adaptation to dietary supplementation with 5 % linseed or safflower oil using next generation RNA-sequencing. METHODS Twenty-four Canadian Holstein dairy cows (twelve per treatment) in mid lactation were fed a control diet (total mixed ration of corn:grass silages) for 28 days followed by a treatment period (control diet supplemented with 5 % linseed or safflower oil) of 28 days. Milk samples were collected weekly for fat and individual fatty acid determination. RNA from mammary gland biopsies harvested on day-14 (control period) and on days +7 and +28 (treatment period) from six randomly selected cows per treatment was subjected to small RNA sequencing. RESULTS Milk fat percentage decreased significantly (P < 0.001) during treatment with the two diets as compared to the control period. The individual saturated fatty acids C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C14:0 and C16:0 decreased significantly (P < 0.05) while five USFAs (C14:1, C18:1n11t, C20:3n3, C20:5n3 and CLA:t10c12) increased remarkably (P < 0.05) in response to both treatments. Analysis of 361 million sequence reads generated 321 known bovine miRNAs and 176 novel miRNAs. The expression of fourteen and twenty-two miRNAs was affected (P < 0.05) by linseed and safflower oil treatments, respectively. Seven miRNAs including six up-regulated (bta-miR-199c, miR-199a-3p, miR-98, miR-378, miR-148b and miR-21-5p) and one down-regulated (bta-miR-200a) were found to be regulated (P < 0.05) by both treatments, and thus considered core differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs. The gene targets of core DE miRNAs have functions related to gene expression and general cellular metabolism (P < 0.05) and are enriched in four pathways of lipid metabolism (3-phosphoinositide biosynthesis, 3-phosphoinositide degradation, D-myo-inisitol-5-phosphate metabolism and the superpathway of inositol phosphate compounds). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that DE miRNAs in this study might be important regulators of bovine mammary lipogenesis and metabolism. The novel miRNAs identified in this study will further enrich the bovine miRNome repertoire and contribute to understanding mammary gland biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Frédéric Beaudoin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Adolf A Ammah
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bissonnette
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Chaouki Benchaar
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada.
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mRNA Expression of lipogenic enzymes in mammary tissue and fatty acid profile in milk of dairy cows fed flax hulls and infused with flax oil in the abomasum. Br J Nutr 2013; 111:1011-20. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513003589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of flax hulls with or without flax oil bypassing the rumen on the expression of lipogenic genes in the mammary tissue of dairy cows was investigated. A total of eight dairy cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. There were four periods of 21 d each and four treatments: control diet with no flax hulls (CONT); diet with 9·88 % flax hulls in the DM (HULL); control diet with 500 g flax oil/d infused in the abomasum (COFO); diet with 9·88 % flax hulls in the DM and 500 g flax oil/d infused in the abomasum (HUFO). A higher mRNA abundance of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor, fatty acid (FA) synthase, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), PPARγ1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase-α was observed in cows fed HULL than in those fed CONT, and HUFO had the opposite effect. Compared with CONT, COFO and HUFO lowered the mRNA abundance of SCD, which may explain the lower proportions of MUFA in milk fat with flax oil infusion. The mRNA abundance of LPL in mammary tissue and proportions of long-chain FA in milk fat were higher in cows fed COFO than in those fed CONT. The highest proportions of trans FA were observed when cows were fed HULL. The present study demonstrates that flax hulls with or without flax oil infusion in the abomasum can affect the expression of lipogenic genes in the mammary tissue of dairy cows, which may contribute to the improvement of milk FA profile.
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