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Kang X, Liu Y, Gong Y, Huang L, Liu H, Hu M, Huang R, Chen F, Chen S, Zhang F, Ning Y, Li C, Zhou R, Zhao H, Wang X, Guo X. The Status of Selenium and Zinc in the Urine of Children From Endemic Areas of Kashin-Beck Disease Over Three Consecutive Years. Front Nutr 2022; 9:862639. [PMID: 35464016 PMCID: PMC9033266 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.862639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium deficiency is one of the main risk factors for Kashin-Beck disease (KBD). This study aimed to detect the status of selenium and zinc in the urine of children from endemic areas of KBD over three consecutive years and to evaluate whether selenium and zinc levels in children in Shaanxi Province remain normal after stopping selenium supplementation. The samples of urine were collected in consecutive years (2017–2019) to detect selenium content by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HGAFS) and to detect zinc content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Generalized estimation equation (GEE) analysis was integrated to assess the comprehensive nutritional status and dietary structure of children. Data were processed in duplicate and analyzed by SPSS 18.0. This study included 30 X-ray-positive KBD cases and 123 healthy children aged 7–12 years. A total of 424 urine and 137 hair samples were collected over three consecutive years for selenium determination. The mean value of urinary selenium in all subjects was 6.86 μg/l (2017), 8.26 μg/l (2018), and 4.04 μg/l (2019), and the mean value of urinary zinc in all subjects was 0.36 mg/l (2017), 0.39 mg/l (2018), and 0.31 mg/l (2019) for the three consecutive years of 2017–2019. The mean values of urinary selenium were 6.56 and 6.94 μg/l (2017), 8.69 and 8.14 μg/l (2018), and 4.57 and 3.90 μg/l (2019) in the KBD-X and normal groups, respectively; and the mean value of urinary zinc were 0.38 and 0.35 mg/l (2017), 0.41 and 0.39 mg/l (2018), and 0.43 and 0.28 mg/l (2019) in the KBD-X and normal groups, respectively. The mean value of hair selenium in 137 subjects was 275.08 μg/kg and the mean values of hair selenium were 267.48 and 276.61 μg/kg in the KBD-X group and normal group, respectively. The level of selenium/zinc showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing during the three consecutive years. The level of selenium in all subjects from the endemic areas was lower than normal, which reminds us to monitor the state of KBD constantly and adjust selenium salt supplementation in accordance with the changes in the KBD state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Kang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Honghui Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Minhan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruitian Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Feihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Feiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujie Ning
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Kashin-Beck Disease and Keshan Disease Prevention, Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Endemic Disease Control, Xi'an, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Kashin-Beck Disease and Keshan Disease Prevention, Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Endemic Disease Control, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongmou Zhao
- Foot and Ankle Surgery Department, Honghui Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Hongmou Zhao
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Xi Wang
| | - Xiong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Xiong Guo
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Bertoli W, Conceição KS, Andrade MG, Louzada F. A new mixed-effects regression model for the analysis of zero-modified hierarchical count data. Biom J 2020; 63:81-104. [PMID: 33073871 DOI: 10.1002/bimj.202000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Count data sets are traditionally analyzed using the ordinary Poisson distribution. However, such a model has its applicability limited as it can be somewhat restrictive to handle specific data structures. In this case, it arises the need for obtaining alternative models that accommodate, for example, (a) zero-modification (inflation or deflation at the frequency of zeros), (b) overdispersion, and (c) individual heterogeneity arising from clustering or repeated (correlated) measurements made on the same subject. Cases (a)-(b) and (b)-(c) are often treated together in the statistical literature with several practical applications, but models supporting all at once are less common. Hence, this paper's primary goal was to jointly address these issues by deriving a mixed-effects regression model based on the hurdle version of the Poisson-Lindley distribution. In this framework, the zero-modification is incorporated by assuming that a binary probability model determines which outcomes are zero-valued, and a zero-truncated process is responsible for generating positive observations. Approximate posterior inferences for the model parameters were obtained from a fully Bayesian approach based on the Adaptive Metropolis algorithm. Intensive Monte Carlo simulation studies were performed to assess the empirical properties of the Bayesian estimators. The proposed model was considered for the analysis of a real data set, and its competitiveness regarding some well-established mixed-effects models for count data was evaluated. A sensitivity analysis to detect observations that may impact parameter estimates was performed based on standard divergence measures. The Bayesian p -value and the randomized quantile residuals were considered for model diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Bertoli
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Katiane S Conceição
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marinho G Andrade
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Francisco Louzada
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
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Luo J, Chen L, Lu X, Yuan J, Xie Z, Li D. Analysis of potential associations of JUUL flavours with health symptoms based on user-generated data from Reddit. Tob Control 2020; 30:534-541. [PMID: 32709604 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rise of the popular e-cigarette, JUUL, has been partly attributed to various teen-friendly e-liquid flavours offered. However, the possible health risks associated with each e-liquid flavour still remain unclear. This research focuses on the possible associations between JUUL flavours and health symptoms using social media data from Reddit. METHODS Keyword filtering was used to obtain 5,746 JUUL flavour-related posts and 7927 health symptom-related posts from June 2015 to April 2019 from Reddit. Posts from September 2016 to April 2019 were used to conduct temporal analysis for nine health symptom categories and the 8 JUUL flavours. Finally, associations between the JUUL flavours and health symptom categories were examined on the user level using generalised estimating equation models. RESULTS According to our temporal analysis, Mango and Mint were the most discussed JUUL flavours on Reddit. Respiratory and throat symptoms were the most discussed health issues together with JUUL on Reddit over time. Respiratory symptoms had potential associations with the Mango, Mint and Fruit JUUL flavours. Digestive symptoms had a potential association with the Crème flavour, psychological symptoms had a potential association with the Cucumber flavour, and cardiovascular symptoms had a potential association with the tobacco flavours. CONCLUSIONS Mango and Mint were the two most mentioned JUUL flavours on Reddit. Certain JUUL flavours were more likely to be mentioned together with certain categories of health symptoms by the same Reddit users. Our findings could prompt further medical research into the health symptoms associated with different e-liquid flavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Luo
- Department of Operations Research & Financial Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Xinyi Lu
- Goergen Institute for Data Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jianbo Yuan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Zidian Xie
- Department of Clinical & Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical & Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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Welderufael BG, Janss LLG, de Koning DJ, Sørensen LP, Løvendahl P, Fikse WF. Bivariate threshold models for genetic evaluation of susceptibility to and ability to recover from mastitis in Danish Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:4706-4720. [PMID: 28434747 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis in dairy cows is an unavoidable problem and genetic variation in recovery from mastitis, in addition to susceptibility, is therefore of interest. Genetic parameters for susceptibility to and recovery from mastitis were estimated for Danish Holstein-Friesian cows using data from automatic milking systems equipped with online somatic cell count measuring units. The somatic cell count measurements were converted to elevated mastitis risk, a continuous variable [on a (0-1) scale] indicating the risk of mastitis. Risk values >0.6 were assumed to indicate that a cow had mastitis. For each cow and lactation, the sequence of health states (mastitic or healthy) was converted to a weekly transition: 0 if the cow stayed within the same state and 1 if the cow changed state. The result was 2 series of transitions: one for healthy to diseased (HD, to model mastitis susceptibility) and the other for diseased to healthy (DH, to model recovery ability). The 2 series of transitions were analyzed with bivariate threshold models, including several systematic effects and a function of time. The model included effects of herd, parity, herd-test-week, permanent environment (to account for the repetitive nature of transition records from a cow) plus two time-varying effects (lactation stage and time within episode). In early lactation, there was an increased risk of getting mastitis but the risk remained stable afterwards. Mean recovery rate was 45% per lactation. Heritabilities were 0.07 [posterior mean of standard deviations (PSD) = 0.03] for HD and 0.08 (PSD = 0.03) for DH. The genetic correlation between HD and DH has a posterior mean of -0.83 (PSD = 0.13). Although susceptibility and recovery from mastitis are strongly negatively correlated, recovery can be considered as a new trait for selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Welderufael
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7023, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - L L G Janss
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - D J de Koning
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7023, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L P Sørensen
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - P Løvendahl
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - W F Fikse
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7023, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Gernand E, König S. Genetic relationships among female fertility disorders, female fertility traits and productivity of Holstein dairy cows in the early lactation period. J Anim Breed Genet 2017; 134:353-363. [DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Gernand
- Thuringian State Institute of Agriculture; Bad Salzungen Germany
| | - S. König
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics; Justus-Liebig-University Gießen; Gießen Germany
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Welderufael BG, de Koning DJ, Janss LLG, Franzén J, Fikse WF. Simultaneous genetic evaluation of simulated mastitis susceptibility and recovery ability using a bivariate threshold sire model. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2016.1275761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. G. Welderufael
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - D. J. de Koning
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L. L. G. Janss
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - J. Franzén
- Department of Statistics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - W. F. Fikse
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Yin T, Pinent T, Brügemann K, Simianer H, König S. Simulation, prediction, and genetic analyses of daily methane emissions in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:5748-62. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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