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Iglesias Pastrana C, Navas González FJ, Ciani E, Marín Navas C, Delgado Bermejo JV. Determination of breeding criteria for gait proficiency in leisure riding and racing dromedary camels: a stepwise multivariate analysis of factors predicting overall biomechanical performance. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1297430. [PMID: 38292133 PMCID: PMC10826703 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1297430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, the biomechanical dynamics in camelids have not been addressed, although it might be a factor that can affect selection and breeding in this species. Therefore, the aim of this article is to conduct curve fitting and discriminant canonical analysis to identify the mathematical function that best captures the dynamics of camel locomotion and to study the impact of kinematic, morphometric, physiological, and phaneroptic variables on gait performance in leisure riding and racing activities in dromedaries, respectively. The cubic function emerged as the most suitable mathematical model to represent the locomotive behavior of camels. Various factors were found to play a pivotal role in the athletic performance of leisure riding and racing dromedary camels. Concretely, angular measurements at the distal fore and rear extremity areas, pelvis inclination, relative volume of the hump, impact forces of the front limbs, post-neutering effects, and the kinematic behavior of the scapula, shoulder, carpus, hip, and foot are the factors that greatly impact gait performance in leisure riding and racing camels. The biomechanical performance at these specific body regions has a profound impact on weight absorption and minimization of mechanic impact during camel locomotion, static/dynamic balance, force distribution, energy of propulsion, movement direction and amplitude, and storage of elastic strain in leisure riding and racing dromedaries. In contrast, other animal- and environment-dependent factors do not exert significant influence on camel gait performance, which can be attributed to species-specific, inherited adaptations developed in response to desert conditions, including the pacing gait, broad foot pads, and energy-efficient movements. The outcomes of our functional data analysis can provide valuable insights for making informed breeding decisions aimed at enhancing animal functional performance in camel riding and racing activities. Furthermore, these findings can open avenues for exploring alternative applications, such as camel-assisted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Ciani
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Marín Navas
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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de Oliveira Bussiman F, Carvalho RSB, E Silva FF, Ventura RV, Ferraz JBS, Mattos EC, Eler JP, Balieiro JCDC. Reduced rank analysis of morphometric and functional traits in Campolina horses. J Anim Breed Genet 2021; 139:231-246. [PMID: 34841593 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multitrait models can increase the accuracy of breeding value prediction and reduce bias due to selection by using traits measured before and after it has occurred. However, as the number of traits grows, a similar trend is expected for the number of parameters to be estimated, which directly affects the computing power and the amount of data required. The aim of the present study was to apply reduced rank (principal components model-PCM) and factor analytical models (FAM), to estimate (co)variance components for nineteen traits, jointly evaluated in a single analysis in Campolina horses. A total of 18 morphometric traits (MT) and one gait visual score (GtS), along with genealogical records of 48,806 horses, were analysed under a restricted maximum likelihood framework. Nine PCM, nine FAM and one standard multitrait model (MTM) were fitted to the data and compared to find the best suitable model. Based on Bayesian information criterion, the best model was the FAM option, considering five common factors (FAM5). After performing an intraclass analysis, none of MT were genetically negatively correlated, whereas GtS was negatively related to all MT, except for the genetic correlations among GtS and BLL, and between GtS and BLLBL (0.01 and 0.10 respectively). From all MT, two traits were derived computing ratios involving other traits, those had negative correlations with others MT, but all favourable for selection. Similar patterns were observed between the genetic parameters obtained from MTM and FAM5 respectively. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.09 (head width) to 0.47 (height at withers). Our results indicated that FAM was efficient to reduce the multitrait analysis dimensionality, and therefore, traits can be combined based on the first three eigenvectors from the additive genetic (co)variance matrix. In addition, there was sufficient genetic variation for selection, benefiting its potential implementation in a breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de Oliveira Bussiman
- Bioinformatic and Animal Breeding Lab., Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (BIOMA-VNP/FMVZ-USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Rachel Santos Bueno Carvalho
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (ZAB/FZEA-USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Vieira Ventura
- Bioinformatic and Animal Breeding Lab., Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (BIOMA-VNP/FMVZ-USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - José Bento Sterman Ferraz
- Group of Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (GMAB-ZMV/FZEA-USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Elisângela Chicaroni Mattos
- Group of Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (GMAB-ZMV/FZEA-USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Joanir Pereira Eler
- Group of Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (GMAB-ZMV/FZEA-USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro
- Bioinformatic and Animal Breeding Lab., Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (BIOMA-VNP/FMVZ-USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
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Gómez MD, Molina A, Sánchez-Guerrero MJ, Valera M. Prediction of adult conformation traits from shape characteristics of Pura Raza Español foals. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Roth IT, Schielke B, Rensing M, Bernau M. Comparison of American Quarter Horses Competing in Western Pleasure, Hunter under Saddle, and Reining Using Linear Traits. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102861. [PMID: 34679888 PMCID: PMC8532615 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study analyzed differences between successful American Quarter Horses competing in different disciplines by using linear traits. The goal was to detect whether American Quarter Horses successful in specific disciplines significantly differed in exterior traits. Traits were measured analogically and photometrically. Differences in lengths, angles, ratios, and circumferences were detected. Further studies are needed to better examine the specialized traits and the effect of genomic variance. Abstract To investigate differences in American Quarter Horses conformation suggesting specialization and subpopulations within the breed, a total of 45 horses were studied. These horses were classified according to their specific sport discipline: Western Pleasure (WPL, n = 15), Hunter under Saddle (HUS, n = 15), and Reining (RN, n = 15). Fifteen linear traits (comprising lengths, angles, and circumferences) were measured analogically and photometrically. Afterwards, 9 ratios and differences were calculated, so that a total of 24 traits were examined. The results showed significant differences between horses depending on their sport discipline. HUS horses were significant taller and were characterized by higher values in (nearly) all length traits; they were followed by WPL and RN horses. RN horses displayed the lowest values in length traits but the largest difference between height at withers and height at croup. Nine parameters were analyzed through correlations to the height at withers; all differences were significant, with high to moderate correlation coefficients. The detected differences between the groups support recent studies on the conformation and genotype of subpopulations within a breed and reveal new findings in relation to the selected disciplines. Image analysis worked well and provided reliable data; therefore, this method can be used to examine horses in a time-efficient manner, reducing the stress caused to the animal. Further studies are required to gain more information and to associate the features of AQH anatomic structures with successful performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Thea Roth
- Fakultät Agrarwirtschaft, Volkswirtschaft und Management, Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Umwelt Nürtingen-Geislingen, Neckarsteige 6-10, 72622 Nürtingen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-176-57984786
| | - Britta Schielke
- Independent Researcher (former: Deutsche Quarter Horse Association Breeding Management), Wickengartenstraße 3, 35428 Langgöns, Germany;
| | - Markus Rensing
- Independent Researcher (former: Deutsche Quarter Horse Association Breeding Management), Astenstraße 13, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany;
| | - Maren Bernau
- Fakultät Agrarwirtschaft, Volkswirtschaft und Management, Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Umwelt Nürtingen-Geislingen, Neckarsteige 6-10, 72622 Nürtingen, Germany;
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Arias KD, Cervantes I, Gutiérrez JP. Impact of the event effect in genetic evaluation for ranking traits in horses. J Anim Breed Genet 2021; 139:13-25. [PMID: 34494688 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In genetic evaluation of horses, the genetic trend does not correspond into a phenotypic trend when using ranking as a phenotype due to its uniform distribution, and some other effects might be absorbing that trend. From a founder population, a further four discrete generations of 100 individuals were simulated under random mating. Then, ten additional discrete generations were simulated by selecting the best 10% of the animals. Likewise, an underlying variable with heritability 0.1 or 0.2, affected by an event environmental influence, generation and permanent environment, was simulated to establish the ranking assignment of 10 random participants or according to the competitive level for each event, in 10 or 100 structured or unstructured events. The ranking trait genetic evaluation model was tested to include or exclude the event effect and the permanent environment effect, depending on the scenario. The results showed that the event effect fitted the different competitive level of each event, leading to a 5% to 23% of selection response improvement for structured competitions. Therefore, the event effect should be included in the genetic evaluation models of horses. The permanent environment fitted or simulated did not significantly improve the selection response. The event effect explained the competition genetic level, by compensating the genetic trend obtained by selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Daniela Arias
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cervantes
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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How Depressing Is Inbreeding? A Meta-Analysis of 30 Years of Research on the Effects of Inbreeding in Livestock. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060926. [PMID: 34207101 PMCID: PMC8234567 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inbreeding depression has been widely documented for livestock and other animal and plant populations. Inbreeding is generally expected to have a stronger unfavorable effect on fitness traits than on other traits. Traditionally, the degree of inbreeding depression in livestock has been estimated as the slope of the linear regression of phenotypic values on pedigree-based inbreeding coefficients. With the increasing availability of SNP-data, pedigree inbreeding can now be replaced by SNP-based measures. We performed a meta-analysis of 154 studies, published from 1990 to 2020 on seven livestock species, and compared the degree of inbreeding depression (1) across different trait groups, and (2) across different pedigree-based and SNP-based measures of inbreeding. Across all studies and traits, a 1% increase in pedigree inbreeding was associated with a median decrease in phenotypic value of 0.13% of a trait’s mean, or 0.59% of a trait’s standard deviation. Inbreeding had an unfavorable effect on all sorts of traits and there was no evidence for a stronger effect on primary fitness traits (e.g., reproduction/survival traits) than on other traits (e.g., production traits or morphological traits). p-values of inbreeding depression estimates were smaller for SNP-based inbreeding measures than for pedigree inbreeding, suggesting more power for SNP-based measures. There were no consistent differences in p-values for percentage of homozygous SNPs, inbreeding based on runs of homozygosity (ROH) or inbreeding based on a genomic relationship matrix. The number of studies that directly compares these different measures, however, is limited and comparisons are furthermore complicated by differences in scale and arbitrary definitions of particularly ROH-based inbreeding. To facilitate comparisons across studies in future, we provide the dataset with inbreeding depression estimates of 154 studies and stress the importance of always reporting detailed information (on traits, inbreeding coefficients, and models used) along with inbreeding depression estimates.
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Ablondi M, Summer A, Vasini M, Simoni M, Sabbioni A. Genetic parameters estimation in an Italian horse native breed to support the conversion from agricultural uses to riding purposes. J Anim Breed Genet 2019; 137:200-210. [PMID: 31310049 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Horses are nowadays mainly used for sport and leisure purposes, and several local breeds, traditionally used in agriculture, are exposed to the risk of extinction. The long-term survival of local horse breeds depends on strategies to both monitor their genetic diversity and to find their sustainable role in the equine market. Thus, several local horse breeds need to adapt their breeding objective to allow a modernization process. The Bardigiano is an example of such horse breeds; we, therefore, studied the existing evaluation protocol from a genetic standpoint to assess the protocol's suitability to convert the Bardigiano from an agricultural to a riding horse. To this end, we estimated genetic parameters for four conformation measurements, ten grading traits and 23 linear traits. For conformation measurements, the heritabilities ranged from 0.31 for cannon bone circumference to 0.63 for height at withers. For conformation and attitude grading traits, the highest heritability (0.34) was estimated for development and the lowest (0.09) for gaits. The heritabilities for linear traits ranged from 0.05 for the leg straightness to 0.32 for the coat colour. Genetic correlations between linear traits and corresponding grading traits varied considerably, ranging from -0.42 to 0.98. This study showed that the current evaluation protocol in the Bardigiano horse is appropriate for genetic evaluation. Genetic parameters estimation can, in turn, be used to develop novel breeding values to help this conversion. Our study paves the way to optimize the Bardigiano horse breeding programme, and it may help several other local horse breeds experiencing similar issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ablondi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Summer
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Vasini
- Libro Genealogico Cavallo Bardigiano, Associazione Regionale Allevatori dell'Emilia-Romagna, Parma, Italy
| | - Marica Simoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Sabbioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
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Bartolomé E, Milho S, Prazeres J. Genealogical and morphological analysis of Lusitano Purebred horses participating at international Dressage competitions. Res Vet Sci 2019; 122:124-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bussiman FDO, Perez BDC, Ventura RV, Silva FFE, Peixoto MGCD, Vizoná RG, Mattos EC, Ferraz JBS, Eler JP, Curi RA, Balieiro JCDC. Genetic analysis of morphological and functional traits in Campolina horses using Bayesian multi-trait model. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Navas González FJ, Jordana Vidal J, León Jurado JM, McLean AK, Pizarro Inostroza G, Delgado Bermejo JV. Genetic parameter estimation and implementation of the genetic evaluation for gaits in a breeding program for assisted-therapy in donkeys. Vet Res Commun 2018; 42:101-110. [PMID: 29430609 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-018-9712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Genetic analyses in donkeys are likely to face compromises in terms of sample size and population structure. This study aims at implementing a suitable model to estimate breeding values and genetic parameters for gaits in Andalusian donkeys. Empirical observation revealed that ambling donkeys (showing a slightly uneven, non-isochronous 1-2, 3-4 lateral sequence gait) did not walk (i.e. presented an isochronous, even 1-2-3-4 sequence gait) and vice versa. However, the two donkey groups could trot, equally. In this study, 2700 gait records were registered from 300 donkeys. The sample included 1350 gait records from 169 ambling/trotting donkeys and 1350 gait records from 131 walking/trotting donkeys. Fixed effects included year, season, sex, farm/owner, husbandry system, weather, ground type and appraisers. Weight and age were included as covariates. MTDFREML software was used to estimate (co)variance components, genetic parameters and predict breeding values and their accuracies in both sets, separately. Gaits' heritability ± SE estimates were 0.56 ± 0.155, 0.53 ± 0.317 and 0.67 ± 0.166 for amble, walk and trot, respectively. Genetic correlations were 0.31 ± 0.216, 0.42 ± 0.115 and 0.28 ± 0.178, for amble and walk, amble and trot and walk and trot, respectively. Not all gaits are suitable to treat every human sensomotor condition. We developed a locomotion selection index, assessing the relative loss/gain in index accuracy when each gait modality was excluded to develop different gait specific therapeutic lines to genetically select the best performing donkeys from each gait modality. Our results suggest that gait genetic lines could be developed and may be potential selection criteria to consider in assisted-therapy donkey breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Navas González
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain. .,The Worldwide Donkey Breeds Project, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain.
| | - Jordi Jordana Vidal
- The Worldwide Donkey Breeds Project, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain.,Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel León Jurado
- The Worldwide Donkey Breeds Project, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain.,Centro Agropecuario Provincial de Córdoba, Diputación Provincial de Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
| | - Amy Katherine McLean
- The Worldwide Donkey Breeds Project, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain.,Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Gabriela Pizarro Inostroza
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain.,The Worldwide Donkey Breeds Project, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
| | - Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain.,The Worldwide Donkey Breeds Project, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
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Designing an early selection morphological linear traits index for dressage in the Pura Raza Español horse. Animal 2016; 11:948-957. [PMID: 27839527 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116002214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Making a morphological pre-selection of Pura Raza Español horses (PRE) for dressage is a challenging task within its current breeding program. The aim of our research was to design an early genetic selection morphological linear traits index to improve dressage performance, using 26 morphological linear traits and six dressage traits (walk, trot, canter, submission, general impression - partial scores - and total score) as selection criteria. The data set included morphological linear traits of 10 127 PRE (4159 males and 5968 females) collected between 2008 and 2013 (one record per horse) and 19 095 dressage traits of 1545 PRE (1476 males and 69 females; 12.4 records of average) collected between 2004 and 2014. A univariate animal model was applied to predict the breeding values (PBV). A partial least squares regression analysis was used to select the most predictive morphological linear traits PBV on the dressage traits PBV. According to the Wold Criterion, the 13 morphological linear traits (width of head, head-neck junction, upper neck line, neck-body junction, width of chest, angle of shoulder, lateral angle of knee, frontal angle of knee, cannon bone perimeter, length of croup, angle of croup, ischium-stifle distance and lateral hock angle) most closely related to total score PBV, partial scores PBV and gait scores PBV (walk, trot and canter) were selected. A multivariate genetic analysis was performed among the 13 morphological linear traits selected and the six dressage traits to estimate the genetic parameters. After it, the selection index theory was used to compute the expected genetic response using different strategies. The expected genetic response of total score PBV (0.76), partial scores PBV (0.04) and gait scores PBV (0.03) as selection objectives using morphological linear traits PBV as criteria selection were positive, but lower than that obtained using dressage traits PBV (1.80, 0.16 and 0.14 for total score PBV, partial scores PBV and gait scores PBV) or dressage traits PBV and morphological linear traits PBV (2.97, 0.16 and 0.15 for total score PBV, partial scores PBV and gait scores PBV), as selection criteria. This suggests that it is possible to preselect the PRE without dressage traits PBV using as selection criteria the morphological linear traits PBV, but the expected genetic response will be lower.
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Bramante G, Cito AM, Ciani E, Pieragostini E. Multi-trait animal model estimation of genetic parameters for morphometric measurements in the Murgese horse breed. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gómez M, Gama L, León J, Fernández J, Attalla S, Delgado J. Genetic parameters for harmony and gaits in Hispano-Arabe horses estimated by Bayesian methods and Restricted Maximum Likelihood. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sánchez-Guerrero M, Molina A, Gómez M, Peña F, Valera M. Relationship between morphology and performance: Signature of mass-selection in Pura Raza Español horse. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vostrá-Vydrová H, Vostrý L, Hofmanová B, Krupa E, Zavadilová L. Pedigree analysis of the endangered Old Kladruber horse population. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bonnell MK, McDonnell SM. Evidence for Sire, Dam, and Family Influence on Operant Learning in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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