Productive and reproductive performance of first lactation purebred Holstein versus Swedish red & white×Holstein in central Argentina

Profitability of Swedish Red and White × Holstein crossbred cows compared with purebred Holstein cows

An economic analysis was performed using a bioeconomic simulation model based on production, reproduction and longevity indicators to compare the profitability (net income per cow) of Swedish Red and White × Holstein (S × H) cows and pure Holstein (H) cows in commercial dairy farms of the center-south of Córdoba province, Argentina. The reproductive events analyzed in the model were pregnancy, calving and abortion. The longevity events were culling, sale and death. The lactation curve for each cow was modeled with a lactation function. Estimations were made for the first, second, and third and later lactations. Incomes were from milk, culled cows and calves. Costs were from feeding, reproductive program and replacement heifers. The reproductive cost of a H cow per year was greater than that of a S × H crossbred cow (USD 6.3). The replacement costs were also higher in pure H cows than in S × H cows (USD 67.8). The revenues from the sale of calves (USD 12.1) and milk production minus the feed cost (USD 8.2) were greater for S × H cows than H cows. Hence, the S × H cows generated a greater total profit (USD 94.4) per cow per year than H cows. The present results show that, in the studied production systems, S × H crossbred cows are more profitable than H cows.

Fertility and survival of Swedish Red and White × Holstein crossbred cows and purebred Holstein cows

Swedish Red and White × Holstein (S×H) cows were compared with pure Holstein (HOL) cows for fertility and survival traits in 2 commercial dairy farms in central-southern Córdoba province, Argentina, over 6 years (2008-2013). The following traits were evaluated: first service conception rate (FSCR), overall conception rate (CR), number of services per conception (SC), days open (DO), mortality rate, culling rate, survival to subsequent calvings, and length of productive life (LPL). The data set consisted of 506 lactations from 240 S×H crossbred cows and 1,331 lactations from 576 HOL cows. The FSCR and CR were analyzed using logistic regression, DO and LPL were analyzed using a Cox's proportional hazards regression model, and differences of proportions were calculated for mortality rate, culling rate, and survival to subsequent calvings. The S×H cows were superior to HOL cows in overall lactations for all the fertility traits (+10.5% FSCR, +7.7% CR, -0.5 SC, and 35 fewer DO). During the first lactation, S×H cows were superior to HOL cows for all fertility traits (+12.8% FSCR, +8.0% CR, -0.4 SC, and 34 fewer DO). In the second lactation, S×H cows exhibited lower SC (-0.5) and 21 fewer DO than HOL cows. In the third or greater lactations, S×H cows showed higher FSCR (+11.0%) and CR (+12.2%), lower SC (-0.8), and 44 fewer DO than pure HOL cows. In addition, S×H cows had a lower mortality rate (-4.7%) and a lower culling rate (-13.7%) than HOL cows. Due to the higher fertility and lower mortality and culling rates, the S×H cows had higher survival to the second (+9.2%), third (+16.9%), and fourth (+18.7%) calvings than HOL cows. Because of these results, S×H cows had longer LPL (+10.3 mo) than HOL cows. These results indicate that S×H cows had higher fertility and survival than HOL cows on commercial dairy farms in Argentina.

Herd and environmental determinants of reproductive performance in Swedish dairy herds, 2001-2009

This was a retrospective cohort study of Swedish dairy herds. Summary measures of production and reproductive performance, details of soil, moss mineral concentrations, and temperature and rainfall measurements at each herd location were available for the period September 2001 to August 2009. A Bayesian mixed-effects regression model including spatial and non-spatial heterogeneity terms was developed to quantify associations between hypothesised explanatory variables and mean herd breeding interval, defined as the difference between mean calving to last service interval and mean calving to first service interval for each fiscal year. Mean herd breeding intervals were shorter in herds with greater than 80% Swedish Red Cattle, herds with lower mean age at first calving, herds comprised of older cows and in larger herds. None of the soil composition or moss mineral concentration estimates were associated with mean herd breeding interval and the effect of temperature and rainfall on mean herd breeding interval was small. We conclude that environmental conditions (soil composition, moss mineral concentrations, environmental temperature and rainfall) had relatively minor effects on dairy herd reproductive performance in Sweden between 2001 and 2009.