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Bruschetta G, Leonardi F, Licata P, Iannelli NM, Fernàndez-Parra R, Bruno F, Messina L, Costa GL. Oxidative stress in relation to serotonin under general anaesthesia in dogs undergoing ovariectomy. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-8. [PMID: 39028214 PMCID: PMC11262201 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2379319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Abdominal surgery such as ovariectomy is a traumatic event that can cause oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the concentration of serotonin in relation to ovariectomy-induced oxidative stress in dogs undergoing general anesthesia. Thirty-two female dogs, under general anesthesia, received meloxicam before surgery (0.2 mgkg-1 SC) and after surgery (0.1 mgkg-1 OS every 24 h). The physiological, hematological, and biochemical parameters: glycemia, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein, albumin and BUN were evaluated. Oxidative stress was determined by malondialdehyde (MDA) assay, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChe) at baseline, 36 and 48 h after the last administration of meloxicam. Serotonin (5-HT) concentration was also evaluated at baseline, 36 and 48 h after the last administration of meloxicam. Responses to surgical stimulus were evaluated. Physiological and hematological parameters they fell within the normal ranges for anesthetized dogs. Glycemia increased, albumin levels decreased after surgery. No rescue analgesia was required. MDA and 5-HT concentrations significantly increased from the baseline at 36 and 48 h after surgery (p < .001). 5-HT levels could be used as an indicator for oxidative stress induced by surgery and it might be employed for objectively quantifying the well-being of the surgical patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Leonardi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Licata
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabio Bruno
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Messina
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Russo C, Lombardo GE, Bruschetta G, Rapisarda A, Maugeri A, Navarra M. Bergamot Byproducts: A Sustainable Source to Counteract Inflammation. Nutrients 2024; 16:259. [PMID: 38257152 PMCID: PMC10819577 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is the result of an acute inflammatory response that fails to eliminate the pathogenic agent or heal the tissue injury. The consequence of this failure lays the foundations to the onset of several chronic ailments, including skin disorders, respiratory and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, and, eventually, cancer. In this context, the long-term use of synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs to treat chronic illnesses cannot be tolerated by patients owing to the severe side effects. Based on this, the need for novel agents endowed with anti-inflammatory effects prompted to search potential candidates also within the plant kingdom, being recognized as a source of molecules currently employed in several therapeutical areas. Indeed, the ever-growing evidence on the anti-inflammatory properties of dietary polyphenols traced the route towards the study of flavonoid-rich sources, such as Citrus bergamia (bergamot) and its derivatives. Interestingly, the recent paradigm of the circular economy has promoted the valorization of Citrus fruit waste and, in regard to bergamot, it brought to light new evidence corroborating the anti-inflammatory potential of bergamot byproducts, thus increasing the scientific knowledge in this field. Therefore, this review aims to gather the latest literature supporting the beneficial role of both bergamot derivatives and waste products in different models of inflammatory-based diseases, thus highlighting the great potentiality of a waste re-evaluation perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Russo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (G.E.L.); (A.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Giovanni Enrico Lombardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (G.E.L.); (A.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Giuseppe Bruschetta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Antonio Rapisarda
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (G.E.L.); (A.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Alessandro Maugeri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (G.E.L.); (A.R.); (M.N.)
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Li Y, Shi M, Zhang B, Wu J, Wang Y, Li M, Wu Y, Hu X, Hu D, Huang Z, Wronski T. Effects of different weaning times on the stress response and the intestinal microbiota composition of female forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) and their fawns. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276542. [PMID: 36264997 PMCID: PMC9584425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of mother-infant separation (i.e., weaning) on the physiology, psychology and nutrition of mammalian infants have attracted much attention. Forest musk deer (FMD) is a first-class protected species in China and listed endangered in the IUCN Red List. The captive breeding population is not only an important source for restocking of wild resources, but also a necessary way to supply the market with legal musk. So far, there is no scientific basis for the appropriate separation time of FMD females and their infants. Therefore, we used metagenome sequencing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to study changes in the fecal cortisol concentration, as well as the intestinal microbiome composition and function of females and fawns at three different separation times, i.e., after 80 days, 90 days and 100 days. The results showed that the increment of the cortisol concentration in female FMD increased with increasing lactation time. The increment of cortisol concentration in infant FMD was highest in the 80 days weaning group, but there was no significant difference between the 90 days and the 100 days separation time. Based on the annotation results of COG, KEGG and CAZy databases, the abundance of different functions annotated by the intestinal microbiome of mothers and fawns of the 90 days weaning group changed slightly after separation. Based on the above results, the separation of mother and infant FMD is recommended after 90 days, i.e., the separation time that triggered the lowest rate of weaning stress and that supported a relatively stable gastro-intestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Li
- Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing, China
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Shi
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Baofeng Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yining Wu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technology, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | - Defu Hu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (DH); (ZH); (TW)
| | - Zhixin Huang
- Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province, China
- * E-mail: (DH); (ZH); (TW)
| | - Torsten Wronski
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (DH); (ZH); (TW)
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Júnior ÂMCDA, da Silva AH, Bastos FL, Seidner JT, Filho LAJDM, Faleiros RR, Gobesso AADO. Influence of weaning management on gastritis incidence in foals. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 113:103917. [PMID: 35218905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.103917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the incidence of gastritis in foals subjected to different weaning management methods. Sixteen crossbreed foals [230±35 kg], were enrolled in an experiment with a randomized block design. After weaning, foals were housed in either individual pens or a group pen. Gastritis in the foals was evaluated through gastroscopy. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by the non-parametric Friedman test at 0.05 significance level. Before weaning, gastritis was observed in 87.5% of the foals, and the scores for the number of gastric lesions were 2.10 and 1.56 for foals housed in group and individual pens, respectively. After weaning, the scores for the number of gastric lesions were 1.75 and 1.25 for foals housed in group and individual pens, respectively. For the intensity of gastric lesions, the average scores observed before weaning were 3.31 and 1.37 for foals housed in groups and individual pens, respectively. After weaning, the scores for the intensity of gastric lesions were 1.93 and 1.00 for foals housed in group and individual pens, respectively. The intensity of the gastric lesions decreased when comparing foals prior to weaning and after weaning, regardless of the management system (P<0.05). The number of lesions was not significantly different but tended to decrease after weaning. Differences in plasma cortisol concentrations were observed between samples collected on the weaning date and after weaning (P<0.05). No differences were detected in plasma gastrin concentration. In conclusion, gastritis in foals can be observed before weaning, which contributes to a decreased gastric lesion incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Filipe Lima Bastos
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Júlia Troitino Seidner
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
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Normando S, Giaretta E, Schiavon I, Mongillo P, Falomo ME. Behavioral and hormonal effects of two weaning situations in trotter foals. J Vet Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li Y, Shi M, Zhang T, Hu X, Zhang B, Xu S, Ding J, Hu D, Liu S. Dynamic changes in intestinal microbiota in young forest musk deer during weaning. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8923. [PMID: 32322440 PMCID: PMC7161571 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaning is an important event for all mammals, including young forest musk deer. However, weaning stress may cause intestinal microbiota-related disorders. Therefore, high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was applied to study the dynamic changes in intestinal microbiota during pre-weaning (10 days before weaning) and post-weaning (10 days after weaning) in 15 young forest musk deer. We saw that intestinal microbiota diversity in the post-weaning period was significantly higher than that in the pre-weaning period. The most dominant bacterial phyla were similar in the two groups (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia). Meanwhile, we applied Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) to identify the most differentially microbial taxa in the pre-weaning and post-weaning groups. In the post-weaning forest musk deer, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Spirochaetes, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Treponema and Prevotella was higher than in the pre-weaning group. However, higher relative abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes was found in the pre-weaning group compared with that in the post-weaning group. In summary, this research provides a theoretical foundation for the dynamics of young forest musk deer intestinal microbiota during the weaning transition, which may benefit in understanding the growth and health of forest musk deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Li
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Shi
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technology, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | - Baofeng Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanghua Xu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhong Ding
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Defu Hu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqiang Liu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Falomo ME, Gabai G, Franchini G, Poltronieri C, Rossi M, Normando S. Behavioral and hormonal effects of 2 weaning methods in trotter mares. J Vet Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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D'Ascola A, Bruschetta G, Zanghì G, Campo S, Medica P, Campana S, Ferlazzo G, Gibbs BF, Ferlazzo AM. Changes in plasma 5-HT levels and equine leukocyte SERT expression in response to treadmill exercise. Res Vet Sci 2018. [PMID: 29518708 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurohormone transported from plasma into platelets and leukocytes by a specific transporter (SERT). While it is known that the brain 5-HT system is modulated by physical exercise, the peripheral serotoninergic response to exercise is not yet fully elucidated. In particular, this study aimed to evaluate changes in plasma 5-HT levels and equine leukocyte SERT expression in response to treadmill exercise in untrained horses. Analyses were carried out pre- and post-treadmill exercise. 5-HT plasma levels were analysed by HPLC. Leukocytes and platelets were isolated to perform Real Time PCR for the evaluation of SERT mRNA levels. Western blot was conducted for the detection of SERT protein levels. The presence of SERT in leukocytes was analysed by flow cytometry. The functionality of SERT on leukocytes was investigated by using paroxetine as inhibitor of 5-HT reuptake. Results showed a significant decrease in SERT levels after exercise in both leukocytes and platelets and a significant increase in plasma 5-HT levels. Flow cytometry revealed that SERT is functional in one specific horse leukocyte subpopulation, still not identified, and paroxetine was able to block 5-HT reuptake into leukocytes. The exercise may have induced an increased mobilization of free-tryptophan and a release of 5-HT from the stores in the blood. High concentrations of plasma 5-HT could have caused a reduction in SERT expression affecting cellular 5-HT storage/uptake. The increase of cortisol levels after treadmill exercise was not significant. Exercise modulates the peripheral serotonin metabolism. More research is needed to assess its physiological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D'Ascola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Bruschetta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Zanghì
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Campo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Pietro Medica
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Stefania Campana
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Bernhard F Gibbs
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, ME4 4TB Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom.
| | - Alida Maria Ferlazzo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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Mach N, Foury A, Kittelmann S, Reigner F, Moroldo M, Ballester M, Esquerré D, Rivière J, Sallé G, Gérard P, Moisan MP, Lansade L. The Effects of Weaning Methods on Gut Microbiota Composition and Horse Physiology. Front Physiol 2017; 8:535. [PMID: 28790932 PMCID: PMC5524898 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaning has been described as one of the most stressful events in the life of horses. Given the importance of the interaction between the gut-brain axis and gut microbiota under stress, we evaluated (i) the effect of two different weaning methods on the composition of gut microbiota across time and (ii) how the shifts of gut microbiota composition after weaning affect the host. A total of 34 foals were randomly subjected to a progressive (P) or an abrupt (A) weaning method. In the P method, mares were separated from foals at progressively increasing intervals every day, starting from five min during the fourth week prior to weaning and ending with 6 h during the last week before weaning. In the A method, mares and foals were never separated prior to weaning (0 d). Different host phenotypes and gut microbiota composition were studied across 6 age strata (days -30, 0, 3, 5, 7, and 30 after weaning) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results revealed that the beneficial species belonging to Prevotella, Paraprevotella, and Ruminococcus were more abundant in the A group prior to weaning compared to the P group, suggesting that the gut microbiota in the A cohort was better adapted to weaning. Streptococcus, on the other hand, showed the opposite pattern after weaning. Fungal loads, which are thought to increase the capacity for fermenting the complex polysaccharides from diet, were higher in P relative to A. Beyond the effects of weaning methods, maternal separation at weaning markedly shifted the composition of the gut microbiota in all foals, which fell into three distinct community types at 3 days post-weaning. Most genera in community type 2 (i.e., Eubacterium, Coprococcus, Clostridium XI, and Blautia spp.) were negatively correlated with salivary cortisol levels, but positively correlated with telomere length and N-butyrate production. Average daily gain was also greater in the foals harboring a community type 2 microbiota. Therefore, community type 2 is likely to confer better stress response adaptation following weaning. This study identified potential microbial biomarkers that could predict the likelihood for physiological adaptations to weaning in horses, although causality remains to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mach
- UMR 1313, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aline Foury
- UMR 1286, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie IntégréeBordeaux, France
| | - Sandra Kittelmann
- AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research CentrePalmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Fabrice Reigner
- UMR 1282, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Infectiologie et Santé PubliqueNouzilly, France
| | - Marco Moroldo
- UMR 1313, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Maria Ballester
- Departament de Genètica i Millora Animal, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Torre MarimonCaldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Diane Esquerré
- UMR 444, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Plateforme GETCastanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Julie Rivière
- UMR 1313, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Guillaume Sallé
- UMR 1282, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Infectiologie et Santé PubliqueNouzilly, France
| | - Philippe Gérard
- UMR 1319, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Moisan
- UMR 1286, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie IntégréeBordeaux, France
| | - Léa Lansade
- PRC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IFCE, Université de ToursNouzilly, France
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