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Terada K, Ohtani T, Ogawa S, Hirooka H. Genetic parameters for carcass and meat quality traits in Jinhua, Duroc, and their crossbred pigs. J Anim Breed Genet 2024; 141:33-41. [PMID: 37668190 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Jinhua pigs have excellent meat quality and intramuscular fat content (IMF). Crossbreeding of Jinhua with Duroc pigs with high productivity was conducted to develop a new composite breed that possesses the beneficial characteristics of both breeds. The objective of this study was to estimate the crossbreeding parameters (additive breed, dominance, and epistatic loss effects) using the Kinghorn model and genetic parameters (heritability and genetic correlation) for carcass and meat quality traits by analysing the phenotypic data of Jinhua, Duroc, and their crossbred pigs. Backfat thickness at the thinnest point above the 9th to 13th thoracic vertebrae (BF), longissimus muscle area between the 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae (LMA), meat shear force value (SFV), and IMF were measured. The additive breed effects were significant for all traits: 1.59 cm, -8.30 cm2 , -6.38 lb/cm2 , and 1.76% for BF, LMA, SFV, and IMF, respectively. The dominance effect was significant for LMA (7.41 cm2 ) and IMF (-2.46%), whereas the epistatic loss effect was significant for only LMA (-15.18 cm2 ). The estimated heritability values were high, ranging from 0.58 for IMF to 0.76 for LMA. A negative but non-significant genetic correlation of -0.11 was estimated between BF and IMF; however, previous studies have reported that the genetic correlation between these traits is moderately positive in modern western pigs. Our results imply that, with the estimation of crossbreeding and genetic parameters, genetic improvement could be implemented to produce a new composite breed with good meat quality and productivity, to meet Japanese market requirements, by crossbreeding Jinhua and Duroc pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Terada
- Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry, Swine and Poultry Research Center, Kikugawa, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohtani
- Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry, Swine and Poultry Research Center, Kikugawa, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ogawa
- Division of Meat Animal and Poultry Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirooka
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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He J, Zhang Y, Li H, Xie Y, Huang G, Peng C, Zhao P, Wang Z. Hybridization alters the gut microbial and metabolic profile concurrent with modifying intestinal functions in Tunchang pigs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1159653. [PMID: 37152756 PMCID: PMC10157192 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1159653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hybridization has been widely used among Chinese wild boars to improve their growth performance and maintain meat quality. Most studies have focused on the genetic basis for such variation. However, the differences in the gut environment between hybrid and purebred boars, which can have significant impacts on their health and productivity, have been poorly understood. Methods In the current study, metagenomics was used to detect the gut microbial diversity and composition in hybrid Batun (BT, Berkshire × Tunchang) pigs and purebred Tunchang (TC) pigs. Additionally, untargeted metabolomic analysis was used to detect differences in gut metabolic pathways. Furthermore, multiple molecular experiments were conducted to demonstrate differences in intestinal functions. Results As a result of hybridization in TC pigs, a microbial change was observed, especially in Prevotella and Lactobacillus. Significant differences were found in gut metabolites, including fatty acyls, steroids, and steroid derivatives. Furthermore, the function of the intestinal barrier was decreased by hybridization, while the function of nutrient metabolism was increased. Discussion Evidences were shown that hybridization changed the gut microbiome, gut metabolome, and intestinal functions of TC pigs. These findings supported our hypothesis that hybridization altered the gut microbial composition, thereby modifying the intestinal functions, even the host phenotypes. Overall, our study highlights the importance of considering the gut microbiome as a key factor in the evaluation of animal health and productivity, particularly in the context of genetic selection and breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi He
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunchao Zhang
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Long Jian Animal Husbandry Company, Haikou, China
| | - Yanshe Xie
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guiqing Huang
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Peng
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengju Zhao
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Pengju Zhao,
| | - Zhengguang Wang
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhengguang Wang,
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Sirtori F, Parrini S, Bozzi R, Aquilani C, Crovetti A, Bonelli A, Pugliese C. Forage chain in extensive pig farming: Performance and meat quality traits of Cinta Senese vs Large White x Cinta Senese pigs. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nevrkla P, Lujka J, Kopec T, Horký P, Filipčík R, Hadaš Z, Střechová V. Combined Effect of Sow Parity and Terminal Boar on Losses of Piglets and Pre-Weaning Growth Intensity of Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113287. [PMID: 34828018 PMCID: PMC8614461 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analysed the effect of sow parity (P), terminal boars (TB), and their combination on reproductive parameters of sows, losses of piglets, and their individual live-weight (LW) and average daily gain (ADG) from birth to weaning. A total of 120 sows of Large White × Landrace hybrid combination from the first to the fourth parity (30 sows per parity) were included in the observation. The sows were inseminated by terminal boars of Pietrain (Pn), Large Whitesireline (LWSL), and Duroc (D) breeds and Duroc × Large Whitesirelinie (D × LWSL), Large Whitesirelinie × Pietrain (LWSL × Pn), and Duroc × Pietrain (D × Pn) hybrid combinations (20 sows per terminal boar population). The results proved a significant effect of P on the total numbers of piglets (TN), the numbers of stillborn piglets (SB), and the pre-weaning losses of piglets (L) (p ≤ 0.01) with the lowest losses found in the third parity sows. A significant effect of TB was confirmed for TN, the numbers of live-born piglets (LB), SB, the numbers of mummified piglets (M) and non-viable piglets (N), and (L) (p ≤ 0.01). The sows inseminated by D and LWSL boars showed the lowest total numbers of piglets but also the highest survivability of piglets until weaning. Significant effects of interaction between P and TB were observed for the TN, SB, N, and L (p ≤ 0.05). Evaluation of growth parameters in piglets (n = 1547) showed that P significantly influenced LW in the first three weeks of life (p ≤ 0.01) and ADG from birth to Day 7 and from Day 15 to Day 21 (p ≤ 0.01). Additionally, a significant effect (p ≤ 0.01) of TB was proven on individual weight and ADG in all the observed time intervals, with the highest growth found in the piglets of the D and LWSL boars. Significant interactions (p ≤ 0.01) between P and TB were found for LW and ADG in all the time intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Nevrkla
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.L.); (T.K.); (R.F.); (Z.H.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan Lujka
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.L.); (T.K.); (R.F.); (Z.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Tomáš Kopec
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.L.); (T.K.); (R.F.); (Z.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Pavel Horký
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Radek Filipčík
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.L.); (T.K.); (R.F.); (Z.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Zdeněk Hadaš
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.L.); (T.K.); (R.F.); (Z.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Vendula Střechová
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.L.); (T.K.); (R.F.); (Z.H.); (V.S.)
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Elbert K, Matthews N, Wassmuth R, Tetens J. Vitality in relation to litter size of crossbred pigs and the effect of the terminal sire line. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Most research on sire lines is linked to growth and carcass traits. Only a limited number of field trials explore the effect of sire line on piglet vitality, litter size and the interactions between these traits.
Aim
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of sire line on the growth performance and vitality of progeny from birth to weaning and to evaluate the lines with respect to their impact on litter size.
Methods
Data included 150 litters of a Synthetic sire line (A) and 154 of a Piétrain sire line (B), with 4209 piglets born alive, which resulted from matings to 337 dams (Camborough PIC). The numbers of total born and born alive piglets per litter were recorded. Within 24 h after birth, piglet individual birthweight (BWbirth), sex (male/female) and body temperature (BT) were also recorded. At weaning, mortality rates and weaned pigs per sow were registered. At the day of weaning, 665 randomly chosen pigs were individually weighed. Weaning weights (WW) were used to calculate the weaning average daily gain (WADG).
Key results
Sire line significantly affected number of total born (P < 0.0001), number born alive (P < 0.01) and number of weaned pigs per sow (P < 0.01). Across lines, each additional piglet per litter resulted in a 31.2 g decline in BWbirth (P < 0.001). Larger litter sizes, higher BWbirth (P < 0.01) and piglets with a lower BT (P < 0.0001) were detected in litters of Sire line B compared with litters of Sire line A. No differences between lines were detected for WADG, WW and pre-weaning mortality (P > 0.05). A positive correlation between birthweight and WW resulted in a correspondingly higher WADG (P < 0.0001). Overall, heavier BWbirth piglets had a higher BT (P < 0.0001).
Conclusions
The present study indicates that Sire line B would offer a possibility to maintain litter size at a high level and, simultaneously, achieve higher BWbirth, with consequently more vital piglets.
Implication
It is important to emphasise that further selection for litter size in dam lines is not indicated in terms of animal welfare but also production efficiency. Instead, it seems feasible to follow the above strategy and stabilise litter size at a high level, while at the same time breeding for vitality and survivability in sire lines.
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Elbert K, Matthews N, Wassmuth R, Tetens J. Effects of sire line, birth weight and sex on growth performance and carcass traits of crossbred pigs under standardized environmental conditions. Arch Anim Breed 2020; 63:367-376. [PMID: 33178885 PMCID: PMC7648295 DOI: 10.5194/aab-63-367-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of available terminal sire lines makes the
choice of terminal sire line complex for the pig producer. Higher birth weights are important for
subsequent growth performance and selection for this trait is also
necessary in sire lines. The aim was to investigate the effect of sire line,
birth weight and gender on growth performance, carcass traits and meat
quality. In total 3844 crossbred pigs from Camborough Pig Improvement Company (PIC) dams matched with
either a Synthetic (A) or Piétrain (B) sire line were used. Pigs from
line A grew faster (p<0.01), showed higher feed intake (p<0.01) and reached a higher final body weight (p≤0.01), but they had a
similar efficiency (p=0.179). Leaner carcasses and heavier primal cuts
(p<0.001) were observed in pigs from line B. Carcasses from pigs
sired by line A had higher meat quality (p<0.001). Males had a
higher growth rate (p≤0.05) but had a poorer feed efficiency
(p<0.01). Heavier birth weight pigs and females had leaner, higher
value carcasses with heavier primal cuts (p<0.001) compared to
middle and low birth weight females or males. Sire line by sex interactions
was significant for growth (p≤0.05) and carcass traits (p<0.001). Interaction between sire line and birth weight classes were only
detected for loin depth (p<0.01). Line A is preferable if the
numbers of fatting pigs per fattening place and year should be improved, and
line B is an option to increase leanness and carcass primal cuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Elbert
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Functional Breeding, Georg-August University Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Neal Matthews
- Pig Improvement Company (PIC) North America, 100 Bluegrass Commons Blvd., Ste. 2200, Hendersonville, TN 37075, USA
| | - Ralf Wassmuth
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Division Animal Breeding, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Am Kruempel 31, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jens Tetens
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Functional Breeding, Georg-August University Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Sládek L. The Impact of the pH<sub>1</sub> Value and the Length of Carcass on the Quality of Slaughtered Pigs of the Hybrid Combination (CLW × CL) × D. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun202068020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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High Altitude Adaptability and Meat Quality in Tibetan Pigs: A Reference for Local Pork Processing and Genetic Improvement. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121080. [PMID: 31817035 PMCID: PMC6940921 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The increase in altitude will bring about a complex change in a series of elements of nature, which will have a profound impact on human production and life. Studying domestic animals in the native environment is an effective way to explore the impact of high altitude on human life, and at the same time is conducive to the development of local animal husbandry. Here, we found that the hypoxic adaptation of Tibetan pigs may be related to higher levels of VEGFA, HIF1 and myoglobin expression. The higher aerobic oxidative capacity of Tibetan pigs is beneficial to improve energy utilization, and the higher UFA content of Tibetan pigs is beneficial to cold resistance. In addition, Tibetan pigs have higher levels of BCAA and Myh2 expression, which serve to relieve muscle fatigue and improve endurance. In addition, it was observed that there are obvious differences in carcass and meat quality traits of different altitudes pigs. Taken together, our findings illustrate the adaptability of Tibetan pigs to high altitude from various perspectives and compare carcass and meat quality traits of three pig breeds. Abstract The carcass and meat quality traits of pig breeds living at three different altitudes (Yorkshire pigs, YP: 500m; Qingyu Pigs, QYP: 1500m; Tibetan pigs, TP: 2500m) were compared. It was observed that there are obvious differences in pig breeds with respect to performance parameters. Specifically, YP had the best carcass traits, showing high slaughter rates and leanest meat. Conversely, QYP had the highest back fat thickness and intramuscular fat (IMF) content. For the high-altitude breed TP, the animals exhibited low L* and high a* values. The genotypes contributing to the observed phenotypes were supported by a PCR analysis. The glycolytic genes expression (HK, PFK, PK) were highest in YP, whereas expression of genes related to adipogenesis (C/EBPα, FABP4, SCD1) were highest in QYP. As expected, genes associated with angiogenesis and hypoxia (HIF1a, VEGFA) were expressed at the highest levels in TP. The composition and proportion of amino and fatty acids in pig muscles at the three altitudes examined also varied substantially. Among the breeds, TP had the highest proportion of umami amino acids, whereas QYP had the highest proportion of sweet amino acids. However, TP also exhibited the highest proportion of essential fatty acids and the lowest proportion of n6:n3. This study explains the high-altitude adaptive evolution and the formation of meat quality differences in different altitude pigs from various angles and provides a reference for local pork food processing and genetic improvement of local pigs.
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Zhang W, Song QQ, Wu F, Zhang JZ, Xu MS, Li HH, Han ZJ, Gao HX, Xu NY. Evaluation of the four breeds in synthetic line of Jiaxing Black Pigs and Berkshire for meat quality traits, carcass characteristics, and flavor substances. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:574-582. [PMID: 30714281 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate breed characteristics and the effect of hybridization of Jiaxing Black Pig (JBP) with Western breeds, the carcass and meat quality traits and flavor substances such as inosinic acids (IMP), intramuscular fat (IMF) in longissimus muscle (LM) from five breeds including JBP, Berkshire, Berkshire × JBP (BJBP), Duroc × Berkshire × JBP (DBJBP), Duroc × Landrace × JBP (DLJBP) were compared in this study. It was found that water holding capacity (WHC) of LM in JBP was significantly higher than that in the other strains (p < 0.01). Dressing out percentage and lean percentage of JBP were both significantly lower than those in the others (p < 0.01) in connection with their lighter carcass weight and higher subcutaneous fat percentage (p < 0.01). Heterosis was realized in DJBP, DBJBP, and DLJBP since their carcass weight, lean percentage, and loin eye muscle area (LEMA) were markedly higher when compared to JBP, whereas lower than those in Berkshire. Among the breeds, the content of IMF and IMP in the LM of JBP were the highest. These traits were also palpably improved in the crossbreds, especially for DBJBP, of which pork was considered outstanding for containing the most abundant essential amino acids (EAA) and total amino acids (TAA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Song
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Shu Xu
- Zhejiang Qinglian Food Co., Ltd, Haiyan, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hai-Hong Li
- Zhejiang Qinglian Food Co., Ltd, Haiyan, Jiaxing, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Han
- Zhejiang Qinglian Food Co., Ltd, Haiyan, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hai-Xia Gao
- Zhejiang Qinglian Food Co., Ltd, Haiyan, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ning-Ying Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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