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Placental Malfunction, Fetal Survival and Development Caused by Sow Metabolic Disorder: The Impact of Maternal Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020360. [PMID: 36829919 PMCID: PMC9951909 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The energy and metabolic state of sows will alter considerably over different phases of gestation. Maternal metabolism increases dramatically, particularly in late pregnancy. This is accompanied by the development of an increase in oxidative stress, which has a considerable negative effect on the maternal and the placenta. As the only link between the maternal and the fetus, the placenta is critical for the maternal to deliver nutrients to the fetus and for the fetus' survival and development. This review aimed to clarify the changes in energy and metabolism in sows during different pregnancy periods, as well as the impact of maternal oxidative stress on the placenta, which affects the fetus' survival and development.
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Nery da Silva A, Alves L, Osowski GV, Sabei L, Ferraz PA, Pugliesi G, Marques MG, Zanella R, Zanella AJ. Housing Conditions and a Challenge with Lipopolysaccharide on the Day of Estrus Can Influence Gene Expression of the Corpus Luteum in Gilts. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050769. [PMID: 35627154 PMCID: PMC9141224 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus luteum (CL) is a temporary endocrine gland that plays a decisive role in the reproductive physiology of gilts. Recently, it has been suggested that exogenous factors may compromise the normal functioning of the CL. In the present study, we aimed to understand to what extent an acute and systemic challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the day of estrus could compromise gene expression of gilts’ CLs housed in different welfare conditions. For this, we housed 42 gilts in three different housing systems: crates, indoor group pens, and outdoor housing. Then, we challenged six females from each group with LPS and eight with saline (SAL) on the day of estrus. After slaughtering the gilts on the fifth day after the challenge, ovaries were collected for gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR. Housing system and LPS challenge did not have a significant interaction for any genes evaluated; thus, their effects were studied separately. We identified significant (p < 0.05) downregulation of the angiogenic genes VEGF and FTL1 among LPS-challenged animals. Meanwhile, we also observed upregulation of HSD3B1 gene among LPS-challenged animals. We found that STAR and LHCGR genes were differentially expressed depending on the housing system, which indicates that the environment may affect adaptation capabilities. Our results indicate that an acute health challenge on the estrus day alters CL gene expression; however, the role of the housing system remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Nery da Silva
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 05508-070, SP, Brazil; (A.N.d.S.); (L.A.); (G.V.O.); (L.S.)
| | - Luana Alves
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 05508-070, SP, Brazil; (A.N.d.S.); (L.A.); (G.V.O.); (L.S.)
| | - Germana Vizzotto Osowski
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 05508-070, SP, Brazil; (A.N.d.S.); (L.A.); (G.V.O.); (L.S.)
| | - Leandro Sabei
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 05508-070, SP, Brazil; (A.N.d.S.); (L.A.); (G.V.O.); (L.S.)
| | - Priscila Assis Ferraz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 05508-070, SP, Brazil; (P.A.F.); (G.P.)
| | - Guilherme Pugliesi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 05508-070, SP, Brazil; (P.A.F.); (G.P.)
| | - Mariana Groke Marques
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção e Sanidade Animal, Instituto Federal Catarinense—IFC, Concórdia 89703-720, SC, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Zanella
- School of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo 99052-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Adroaldo José Zanella
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 05508-070, SP, Brazil; (A.N.d.S.); (L.A.); (G.V.O.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence:
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