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Belguith K, Jrad Z, Oussaief O, Debara M, Bouhemda T, Sebii H, Hammadi M, El Hatmi H. Reformulation of Tunisian Sun-Dried Merguez with Camel Meat: Characterization of Physicochemical and Compositional Changes in Organic Acids, Fatty Acids, Volatile Compounds, and Minerals. Foods 2024; 13:1032. [PMID: 38611337 PMCID: PMC11011335 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional sun-dried merguez is an authentic Tunisian dried sausage made with a large number of spices and herbs, which was reformulated in this study with camel meat and hump fat and dried as in the artisanal process. This research studied the physicochemical, microbiological, and chemical compositional changes that occurred in fresh camel merguez (FCM) after 12 days of drying to achieve traditional dried camel merguez (DCM). The results showed significant weight loss (54.1%), as well as significant decreases in pH (5.20-4.97), moisture (60.5-12.3%), and water activity (0.986-0.673). These results and the acceptable microbiological quality of DCM can explain the safety of traditionally practiced long-term storage at room temperature. All chemical compositions increased upon drying. The composition of DCM included several organic acids, mainly lactate (2820 mg.kg-1); diverse unsaturated fatty acids, in particular oleic acid (33.2%); and various minerals, specifically iron (8 mg per 100 g), in addition to volatile compounds impacted by herbs and spices rich in terpenes (56.3%). These results can be useful for investing in indigenous products and promoting the exploitation of camel meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Belguith
- Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules Laboratory (LR17ES03), Higher Institute of Biotechnology Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Zeineb Jrad
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory (LR16IRA04), Institute of Arid Land, University of Gabes, Medenine 4100, Tunisia (M.H.); (H.E.H.)
| | - Olfa Oussaief
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory (LR16IRA04), Institute of Arid Land, University of Gabes, Medenine 4100, Tunisia (M.H.); (H.E.H.)
| | - Mohamed Debara
- Central Laboratory, Institute of Arid Land, University of Gabes, Medenine 4100, Tunisia; (M.D.)
| | - Talel Bouhemda
- Central Laboratory, Institute of Arid Land, University of Gabes, Medenine 4100, Tunisia; (M.D.)
| | - Haifa Sebii
- Laboratory of Analysis Valorization and Food Safety, National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hammadi
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory (LR16IRA04), Institute of Arid Land, University of Gabes, Medenine 4100, Tunisia (M.H.); (H.E.H.)
| | - Halima El Hatmi
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory (LR16IRA04), Institute of Arid Land, University of Gabes, Medenine 4100, Tunisia (M.H.); (H.E.H.)
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Li Q, Yang L, Li R, Chen G, Dong J, Wu L, Fu Y, Yang J. Lipid analysis of meat from Bactrian camel ( Camelus bacterianus), beef, and tails of fat-tailed sheep using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS based lipidomics. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1053116. [PMID: 36937354 PMCID: PMC10017991 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1053116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction As a source of low-cost and high-quality meat for human beings, the consumption of camel meat was increasing, and beef has similar texture and nutritional characteristics with camel meat. Camel hump and fatty-tails are important parts of fat storage for camels and fat-tailed lambs, respectively, which were to adapt and endure harsh environments. Considering their similar physiological functions, their fat composition might be similar. Lipidomics is a system-level analysis of lipids method, which play an important role in the determination and quantification of individual lipid molecular specie, food adulteration and labeling. Methods A GC/MS was used to analyze fatty acids composition of Xinjiang Bactrian camel meat, hump, beef, and fatty-tails. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS based on lipidomics approach was used to analyze lipid composition, characterize and examine the lipid differences in Xinjiang Bactrian camel meat, hump, beef, and fatty-tails. Results and discussion The major fatty acids of the four samples were C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1cis, and camel meat had a significant low SFA content and high MUFA content. A total of 342 lipid species were detected, 192, 64, and 79 distinguishing lipids were found in the groups camel hump compared to camel meat, camel meat compared to beef, and camel hump compared to fatty-tails, respectively. Lipid metabolisms of ether lipid, glycerophospholipid, glycerolipid, and sphingolipid were the most influential pathways revealed by KEGG analysis. The results contributed to enrich the lipid information of Bactrian camel meat, and indicated that UPLC-Q-TOF/MS based on lipidomics was an alternative method to distinguish meat samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Gangliang Chen
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Ürümqi, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Ürümqi, China
| | - Linying Wu
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Ürümqi, China
| | - Yinghua Fu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China
- *Correspondence: Yinghua Fu
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China
- Jie Yang
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Guo F, Si R, Li Q, Hai L, Yi L, He J, Ming L, Ji R. Reversible insulin resistance helps Bactrian camels survive fasting. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18815. [PMID: 34552154 PMCID: PMC8458433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Camels have hunger tolerance and can adapt to the severe environment of the desert. Through the comparison of insulin signalling pathway genes in different tissues in different eating periods (feeding, fasting and recovery feeding), it was found that IRS1, PIK3CB, PIK3R1 and SLC2A4 expression was significantly downregulated in the fore hump and hind hump during the fasting period. In addition, there was no difference in serum insulin levels among the three stages. However, the serum leptin and adiponectin levels decreased significantly during fasting. Additionally, insulin tolerance tests during the three stages showed that camels were insensitive to insulin during fasting. Further study of the serum metabolites showed that serum branched-chain and aromatic amino acid levels increased during the fasting period. Finally, analysis of microbial diversity in camel faeces at different stages showed that during the fasting period, the proportion of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria increased, while that of Bacteroides and the butyrate-producing bacterium Roseburia decreased. The results of this study show that fasting is accompanied by changes in the activation of insulin pathways in various camel tissues, normal insulin levels, and increased lipolysis and insulin resistance, which return to normal after eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Rendalai Si
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.,Camel Research Institute of Inner Mongolia, Alxa, 737300, China
| | - Quanyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Le Hai
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Li Yi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Jing He
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Liang Ming
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Rimutu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China. .,Camel Research Institute of Inner Mongolia, Alxa, 737300, China.
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Su Q, Zhang Z, Liu X, Wang F. The transcriptome analysis on urea response mechanism in the process of ergosterol synthesis by Cordyceps cicadae. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10927. [PMID: 34035359 PMCID: PMC8149685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen source is required for the growth of Cordyceps cicadae and involved in the regulation of metabolite synthesis. In order to further investigate the regulatory effects of nitrogen sources on the ergosterol synthesis by C. cicadae. We first confirmed that urea could significantly increase the ergosterol synthesis. The transcriptome analysis showed that compared with biomass cultured in the control fermentation medium (CFM), 1340 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, and 312 DEGs were obtained by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation from the biomass cultured in CFM + CO(NH2)2. Urea up-regulated D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase gene transcription level and down-regulated enolase and L-serine/L-threonine ammonialyase gene transcription level, increased serine synthesis, allosterically activate pyruvate kinase, to promote the synthesis of pyruvate and CH3CO ~ SCOA, the primer of ergosterol; Urea increase the genes transcription related with ergosterol synthesis by up-regulating the steroid regulatory element binding protein gene transcription levels. The transcriptome results were provided by those of qRT-PCR. Collectively, our finding provided valuable insights into the regulatory effect of nitrogen source on the ergosterol synthesis by C. cicadae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Su
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicai Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Production Processing Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China. .,Zhenjiang Yemaikang Food Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaocui Liu
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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Senevirathna JDM, Asakawa S. Multi-Omics Approaches and Radiation on Lipid Metabolism in Toothed Whales. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:364. [PMID: 33923876 PMCID: PMC8074237 DOI: 10.3390/life11040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid synthesis pathways of toothed whales have evolved since their movement from the terrestrial to marine environment. The synthesis and function of these endogenous lipids and affecting factors are still little understood. In this review, we focused on different omics approaches and techniques to investigate lipid metabolism and radiation impacts on lipids in toothed whales. The selected literature was screened, and capacities, possibilities, and future approaches for identifying unusual lipid synthesis pathways by omics were evaluated. Omics approaches were categorized into the four major disciplines: lipidomics, transcriptomics, genomics, and proteomics. Genomics and transcriptomics can together identify genes related to unique lipid synthesis. As lipids interact with proteins in the animal body, lipidomics, and proteomics can correlate by creating lipid-binding proteome maps to elucidate metabolism pathways. In lipidomics studies, recent mass spectroscopic methods can address lipid profiles; however, the determination of structures of lipids are challenging. As an environmental stress, the acoustic radiation has a significant effect on the alteration of lipid profiles. Radiation studies in different omics approaches revealed the necessity of multi-omics applications. This review concluded that a combination of many of the omics areas may elucidate the metabolism of lipids and possible hazards on lipids in toothed whales by radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayan D. M. Senevirathna
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka
| | - Shuichi Asakawa
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
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