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Baggio M, Gouvêa VN, Barroso JPR, Miszura AA, Limede AC, Soares LCB, Ferraz MVC, Vicente ACS, Ferreira EM, Marques RS, Pires AV. Different combinations of monensin and narasin on growth performance, carcass traits, and ruminal fermentation characteristics of finishing beef cattle. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1117639. [PMID: 37187926 PMCID: PMC10175633 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1117639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different combinations of monensin and narasin on finishing cattle. In Exp. 1, 40 rumen-cannulated Nellore steers [initial body weight (BW) = 231 ± 3.64 kg] were blocked by initial BW and assigned to one of the five treatments as follows: Control (CON): no feed additive in the basal diet during the entire feeding period; Sodium monensin (MM) at 25 mg/kg dry matter (DM) during the entire feeding period [adaptation (days 1-21) and finishing (days 22-42) periods]; Narasin (NN) at 13 mg/kg DM during the entire feeding period (adaptation and finishing periods); Sodium monensin at 25 mg/kg DM during the adaptation period and narasin at 13 mg/kg DM during the finishing period (MN); and narasin at 13 mg/kg DM during the adaptation period and sodium monensin at 25 mg/kg DM during the finishing period (NM). Steers fed MM had lower dry matter intake (DMI) during the adaptation period compared to NM (P = 0.02) but not compared to CON, MM, MN, or NN (P ≥ 0.12). No differences in DMI were observed among the treatments during the finishing (P = 0.45) or the total feeding period (P = 0.15). Treatments did not affect the nutrient intake (P ≥ 0.51) or the total apparent digestibility of nutrients (P ≥ 0.22). In Exp. 2, 120 Nellore bulls (initial BW = 425 ± 5.4 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of the same treatments of Exp. 1 on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing feedlot cattle. Steers fed NM had greater DMI during the adaptation period compared to CON, MM, and MN (P ≤ 0.03), but no differences were observed between NM and NN (P = 0.66) or between CON, MM, and NN (P ≥ 0.11). No other differences between treatments were observed (P ≥ 12). Feeding narasin at 13 mg/kg DM during the adaptation period increases the DMI compared to monensin at 25 mg/kg DM, but the feed additives evaluated herein did not affect the total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients, growth performance, or carcass characteristics of finishing cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Baggio
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Vinícius N. Gouvêa
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - José Paulo R. Barroso
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A. Miszura
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo C. Limede
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Letícia C. B. Soares
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | | | - Evandro M. Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. Marques
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Alexandre V. Pires
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Reduction of Enteric Methane Emissions in Heifers Fed Tropical Grass-Based Rations Supplemented with Palm Oil. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable oils have been shown to reduce enteric methane (CH4) production by up to 20%. However, when the level of incorporation exceeds the threshold of 70 g/kg DM, dry matter intake (DMI) and nutrient digestibility may be reduced. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the incorporation of three levels of palm oil (PO) on enteric CH4 emissions, rumen fermentation and apparent digestibility in heifers fed low-quality grass. Four rumen-cannulated heifers (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) were randomly assigned to four treatments: control (CON) and three increasing PO levels: 20, 40 and 60 g/kg in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with four periods of 22 days (14 days of adaptation to the ration), 5 days of feces and rumen fluid sampling (day 18, 4 h postprandial) and the last 3 days for measurements of CH4 in respiration chambers. With the exception of CP (p = 0.04), starch (p = 0.002) and EE (p < 0.001), the intake of nutrients was not affected by the inclusion of PO (p > 0.05). The apparent digestibility (AD) of nutrients was not affected by the inclusion of PO (p > 0.05), except for starch, which reduced its AD as the PO level was increased (p < 0.05). The gross energy intake was higher in PO-containing rations (p = 0.001), on the other hand, the digestible energy intake was similar between treatments (p > 0.05). In situ ruminal digestion kinetics and the potential degradability remained unchanged (p > 0.05), however, the effective degradability decreased with the inclusion of PO in the rations (p < 0.05). The ruminal pH and molar proportions of acetic, isovaleric and valeric acid were not different between treatments (p > 0.05). The ruminal concentration of propionic acid increased as the PO level increased, reaching its highest molar proportion with 60 g/kg PO (p < 0.05), however, the acetic/propionic ratio and the molar proportions of butyric acid and isobutyric acid decreased as the PO level increased (p < 0.05). The total daily CH4 production was lower in diets containing 20, 40 and 60 g/kg PO compared to the CON diet (p < 0.001). The production of CH4 per kg DMI and DOMI was greater (p < 0.05) for the CON diet compared to all three rations containing PO. The emission intensity, Ym, energy lost as CH4, emission factor (EF) and kg CO2 eq/year were reduced as an effect of the inclusion of PO (p < 0.05). Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the incorporation of PO in cattle rations has the potential to reduce enteric methane emissions by 4% for every 10 g/kg PO in the ration, without affecting DMI, apparent digestibility or the consumption of digestible nutrient fractions.
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Salim A, Ferrari R, Monteiro M, Mano S. Effect of different feeding systems on color of longissimus muscle from Bos cattle: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Meat Sci 2022; 192:108871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Müller LR, Gouvêa DICG, Francischinelli AF, Alvarenga GDA, Castagnino PS, Cappellozza BI, de Sousa OA, Meirelles PRL, Costa C, Martins CL, Arrigoni MB. Effects of the association between whole cottonseed and calcium salts of fatty acids on nutrient intake, feedlot performance, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus animals offered a high-concentrate diet. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab207. [PMID: 34988374 PMCID: PMC8706824 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment evaluated the effects of feeding whole cottonseed (WC) and/or calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) on dry matter intake (DMI), performance, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus animals receiving a high-concentrate diet during the finishing phase. On day 0, 96 Nellore bulls were blocked according to initial shrunk body weight (BW; 302 ± 26.7 kg) into group pens (four animals/pen) and, within blocks, pens were randomly assigned to receive: 1) 15% of WC and 2% of CSFA (dry matter [DM] basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (15WC; n = 6); 2) 10% of WC and 3% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (10WC; n = 6); 3) 5% of WC and 4% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (5WC; n = 6); and 4) 0% of WC and 5% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (0WC; n = 6). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric, isonitrogenous, and isolipidic. Experimental period lasted 108 d; DMI was evaluated daily, whereas blood samples and carcass measurements were obtained on days 0, 55, and 108 of the study. Upon slaughter on day 109, steaks were collected for determination of the chemical and fatty acid (FA) profile of the meat. No treatment effects (P ≥ 0.35) were observed on DMI, performance, average daily gain (ADG), carcass ultrasound measurements, and chemical variables of the steak. Nonetheless, including WC into the diets decreased C12:0, C16:0, C16:1 trans-9, C17:0, C18:0, C18:1 cis-9, C18:2 cis-9, cis-12, C18:3 cis-9, cis-12, cis-15, saturated, and unsaturated FA intake (P < 0.01). Moreover, adding WC increased DMI fluctuation and feed efficiency (FE; P = 0.03) but decreased marbling (P ≤ 0.03). A treatment × day interaction was observed (P < 0.01) for serum leptin concentration, as 10WC animals had greater leptin concentration on day 103 vs. other treatments (P < 0.01). Regarding steak FA profile, WC addition into the diet increased C18:2 cis-7, trans-9 and C18:3 cis-9, cis-12, cis-15 (P < 0.001), whereas saturated FA was quadratically affected (P = 0.02) and unsaturated FA was reduced for 15WC (P < 0.04). In summary, increasing levels of CSFA into isolipidic finishing diets containing WC did not negatively impact feedlot performance but reduced FE and increased marbling scores of B. indicus bulls, demonstrating its feasibility as a technology to improve carcass traits of low-marbling animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo R Müller
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel I C G Gouvêa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - André F Francischinelli
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Guiherme D A Alvarenga
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Pablo S Castagnino
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | | | - Osvaldo A de Sousa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
- Nutricorp, Araras, SP 13601-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo R L Meirelles
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Ciniro Costa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Cyntia L Martins
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Mario B Arrigoni
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
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Gouvêa VND, Biehl MV, Ferraz Junior MVDC, Moreira EM, Faleiro Neto JA, Westphalen MF, Oliveira GB, Ferreira EM, Polizel DM, Pires AV. Effects of soybean oil or various levels of whole cottonseed on intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, and ruminal fermentation characteristics of finishing beef cattle. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Carcass and meat quality of Nellore cattle (Bos taurus indicus) belonging to the breeding programs. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Carvalho MAA, Cappellozza BI, Silva B, Castro TS, Burim MR, Cervieri RC. Supplementation with calcium salts of cottonseed oil improves performance of Bos indicus animals consuming finishing diets. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa080. [PMID: 32705072 PMCID: PMC7332239 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid ingredients are often used into feedlot cattle diets, primarily to increase energy density and improve efficiency parameters of the herd. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of including calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) and increasing levels of cottonseed byproducts into feedlot diets. On day 0 of the study, 96 Bos indicus bullocks were individually weighed twice and initial body weight (BW) was considered the average of both measurements (initial BW = 287 ± 22.4 kg). Bulls were ranked by initial BW, allocated into 1 of 12 feedlot pens (eight bulls per pen), and pens randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) inclusion of 15.0% [dry matter (DM) basis] of cottonseed byproducts into the finishing diet (CTS-15; n = 4), 2) inclusion of 22.0% (DM basis) of cottonseed byproducts into the finishing diet (CTS-22; n = 4), and 3) inclusion of 2.7% (DM basis) of CSFA of cottonseed oil into the finishing diet (CSFA; n = 4). The experimental period lasted 135 d and consisted of 5 d of preadaptation, 15 d of adaptation (ADP), 31 d of growing (GRO), and 84 d of finishing (FIN). Performance and carcass characteristics data were evaluated at the end of the experimental period. A treatment × period interaction was observed on total DM intake (DMI; P < 0.0001), given that no treatment differences were observed during ADP (P > 0.33), whereas CSFA-supplemented animals had a reduced DMI during GRO and FIN phases (P < 0.05). When individual mean nutrient intake was evaluated, CSFA supplementation caused a reduction in crude protein and physically effective neutral detergent fiber intake (P ≤ 0.05), and tended to reduce metabolizable energy, net energy for maintenance and gain intake (P = 0.06). Additionally, CSFA inclusion or CTS increase into the diet did not affect final BW, BW change, average daily gain (ADG), hot carcass weight, carcass ADG, and yield gain (P ≥ 0.11). On the other hand, CSFA reduced DMI as percentage of BW and improved feed efficiency (FE; P < 0.02) and also tended to improve biological conversion (BC; P = 0.07) versus CTS. Similarly, increasing CTS byproducts in the diet improved FE and BC (P = 0.02) but also tended to increase dressing percentage (DP; P = 0.08). In summary, including CSFA into feedlot diets reduced DMI but improved FE and BC of beef cattle, demonstrating the efficacy of this technology on feedlot beef cattle diets. Moreover, increasing cottonseed byproducts into the diets also benefited FE, BC, and DP of finishinw B. indicus cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A A Carvalho
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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