[Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection]

Critical appraisal of international guidelines for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection in case of dyspepsia

BACKGROUND

Affecting between 20% and 90% of the world's population depending on the geo-socio-economic conditions, Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection requires an adapted management because of the medico-economic stakes it generates. Also responsible for dyspepsia, the management of Hp infection differs in this context between international guidelines.

OBJECTIVES

The primary outcome of the study was assessing the quality of current guidelines for HP eradication in dyspepsia. The secondary was defining the best therapeutic strategy for patients consulting with dyspepsia in the outpatient setting.

METHODS

Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) published between January 2000 and May 2021 were retrieved from various databases (PubMed; Guidelines International Network; websites of scientific societies that issued the guidelines). Their quality was assessed using the AGREE II evaluation grid. To provide decision support for healthcare practitioners, particularly in primary care, a summary of the main points of interest for management was made for each guideline.

RESULTS

Fourteen guidelines were included. Only four (28.6%) could be validated according to AGREE II? Most of the non-validated guidelines had low ratings in the "Rigour of development" and "Applicability" domains with means of 40% [8%-71%] and 14% [0%-25%], respectively. Three out of four validated guidelines (75%) advocated a "test and treat" strategy for dyspepsia based on the national prevalence of Hp. Gastroscopy was the 1st line examination method in case of warning signs or high risk of gastric cancer. Triple therapy (Proton pomp inhibitor, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin) was favored for Hp eradication but required a study of the sensitivity to clarithromycin in the validated guidelines. Antibiotic resistance also had an impact on treatment duration.

CONCLUSIONS

Many guidelines were of poor quality, providing few decision-making tools for practical use. Conversely, those of good quality had established a management strategy addressing the current problems associated with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains.

Culture of Helicobacter pylori and purification of antigen protein

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) live in the stomach of human. It is a kind of curve bacteria which can lead to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Usually, antibiotics are used to treat the patients, but they have a lot of side effects. Milk of milch cow immunized with H. pylori vaccine can prevent and treat the infection of H. pylori without side effects. During the production of immune milk, the basic work is to prepare vaccine. During the preparation of sub-unit vaccine, key is to isolate and purify the antigen protein. In this article, we discuss the culture of H. pylori (solid and liquid culture), the recombinant expression and purification of its antigen protein (urease, VacA, CagA and lipopolysaccharide).