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Povea-Cabello S, Oropesa-Ávila M, de la Cruz-Ojeda P, Villanueva-Paz M, de la Mata M, Suárez-Rivero JM, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Villalón-García I, Cotán D, Ybot-González P, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Dynamic Reorganization of the Cytoskeleton during Apoptosis: The Two Coffins Hypothesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112393. [PMID: 29137119 PMCID: PMC5713361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During apoptosis, cells undergo characteristic morphological changes in which the cytoskeleton plays an active role. The cytoskeleton rearrangements have been mainly attributed to actinomyosin ring contraction, while microtubule and intermediate filaments are depolymerized at early stages of apoptosis. However, recent results have shown that microtubules are reorganized during the execution phase of apoptosis forming an apoptotic microtubule network (AMN). Evidence suggests that AMN is required to maintain plasma membrane integrity and cell morphology during the execution phase of apoptosis. The new “two coffins” hypothesis proposes that both AMN and apoptotic cells can adopt two morphological patterns, round or irregular, which result from different cytoskeleton kinetic reorganization during the execution phase of apoptosis induced by genotoxic agents. In addition, round and irregular-shaped apoptosis showed different biological properties with respect to AMN maintenance, plasma membrane integrity and phagocyte responses. These findings suggest that knowing the type of apoptosis may be important to predict how fast apoptotic cells undergo secondary necrosis and the subsequent immune response. From a pathological point of view, round-shaped apoptosis can be seen as a physiological and controlled type of apoptosis, while irregular-shaped apoptosis can be considered as a pathological type of cell death closer to necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleva Povea-Cabello
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Manuel Oropesa-Ávila
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Patricia de la Cruz-Ojeda
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Mario de la Mata
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Juan Miguel Suárez-Rivero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Irene Villalón-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - David Cotán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Patricia Ybot-González
- Grupo de Neurodesarrollo, Unidad de Gestión de Pediatría, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
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Saas P, Kaminski S, Perruche S. Prospects of apoptotic cell-based therapies for transplantation and inflammatory diseases. Immunotherapy 2014; 5:1055-73. [PMID: 24088076 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cell removal or interactions of early-stage apoptotic cells with immune cells are associated with an immunomodulatory microenvironment that can be harnessed to exert therapeutic effects. While the involved immune mechanisms are still being deciphered, apoptotic cell infusion has been tested in different experimental models where inflammation is deregulated. This includes chronic and acute inflammatory disorders such as arthritis, contact hypersensitivity and acute myocardial infarction. Apoptotic cell infusion has also been used in transplantation settings to prevent or treat acute and chronic rejection, as well as to limit acute graft-versus-host disease associated with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Here, we review the mechanisms involved in apoptotic cell-induced immunomodulation and data obtained in preclinical models of transplantation and inflammatory diseases.
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