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Shama S, Ranade AV, Qaisar R, Khan NA, Tauseef I, Elmoselhi A, Siddiqui R. Enhancing microbial diversity as well as multi-organ health in hind-limb unloaded mice. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2024; 40:62-71. [PMID: 38245349 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
During space travel, the gut microbiota is changed which can lead to health-related issues. Previously, we utilized the hind-limb unloaded (HU) mouse, which is an established ground-based in-vivo model of microgravity and observed altered gut microbiota. In this study, we evaluated the beneficial effects of novel bacterial conditioned media in HU mice to understand if they can offset the effects of unloading in the HU mouse model. We aimed to explore the influence of bacterial conditioned media on diversity and quantity of intestinal microbes in HU mice, and investigated the microarchitecture of mice retinas and kidneys to evaluate the potential systemic effects of bacterial conditioned media in HU mice. Four-month-old, male C57/Bl6 mice were separated into groups: including the ground-based control group, the HU group mice fed with vehicle as placebo (HU-placebo mice), and the HU group fed with bacterial conditioned media (HU-CP mice) and kept under controlled environmental conditions for three weeks. Next, mice were sacrificed; gut dissections were conducted, and metagenomic analysis of bacterial species was performed via DNA extraction and 16S rRNA analysis. The results revealed an HU-induced reduction in intestinal microbial diversity, and an increase in pathogenic bacteria dominated by Firmicutes (45%). In contrast, supplementation with bacterial conditioned media for three weeks led to a significant increase in gut microbial diversity with noticeable changes in the OTUs abundance in the HU mice. Additionally, HU-induced muscle weakness and structural abnormalities in the retina and kidney were partially prevented with bacterial conditioned media. Moreover, a greater diversity of several bacteria in the HU-CP was observed including, Bacteriodota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actionobacteriota, Verrucomicorbiota, Cyanobacteria, Gemmatimonadota, Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Myxococcota, and others. Prospective research involving molecular mechanistic studies are needed to comprehend the systemic effects of bacterial metabolites conditioned media on experimental animal models under chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Shama
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Anu V Ranade
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Microbiota Research Center, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey.
| | - Isfahan Tauseef
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan.
| | - Adel Elmoselhi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Microbiota Research Center, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey; College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
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Ranade A, Khan AA, Gul MT, Suresh S, Qaisar R, Ahmad F, Karim A. Suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress reverses hindlimb unloading-induced hepatic cellular processes in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023:130422. [PMID: 37406741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hindlimb unloaded mouse, an animal model of simulated microgravity demonstrates significant metabolic and hepatic derangements. However, cellular and molecular mechanisms driving liver dysfunction in Hindlimb unloaded mice are poorly characterized. METHODS We investigated the possible contribution of dysregulated protein homeostasis by endoplasmic reticulum, endoplasmic reticulum stress, to liver dysfunction during HU. C57BL/6j male mice were grouped into ground-based controls or Hindlimb unloaded groups treated daily with vehicle or 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), a potent inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Following three weeks of HU, mice were sacrificed, and liver tissues were dissected for further analysis. RESULTS Hindlimb unloaded was associated with hepatic atrophy and elevated endoplasmic reticulum stress, which was restored by 4-PBA treatment. The Gene Ontology analysis revealed the downregulation of genes primarily involved in liver metabolic and Wingless-related integration site (WNT) signaling pathways, while those related to cytochrome P450, and liver fibrosis were upregulated. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed downregulation of several genes involved in metabolic pathways following treatment with 4-PBA, induced by HU. CONCLUSIONS We report several differential and uniquely expressed genes associated with microgravity-induced elevated ER stress and liver injury. Our data has translational potential in unraveling novel molecular targets for pharmaceutical therapies of liver diseases. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our novel findings show a pathogenic role for elevated ER stress in liver injury in microgravity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Ranade
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amir Ali Khan
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Human Genetics & Stem Cells Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Tehsil Gul
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Human Genetics & Stem Cells Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Savitha Suresh
- Iron Biology Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Firdos Ahmad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asima Karim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Iron Biology Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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Jung UJ. Sarcopenic Obesity: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Flavonoids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051063. [PMID: 37237929 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity, which refers to concurrent sarcopenia and obesity, is characterized by decreased muscle mass, strength, and performance along with abnormally excessive fat mass. Sarcopenic obesity has received considerable attention as a major health threat in older people. However, it has recently become a health problem in the general population. Sarcopenic obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome and other complications such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, liver disease, lung disease, renal disease, mental disease and functional disability. The pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity is multifactorial and complicated, and it is caused by insulin resistance, inflammation, hormonal changes, decreased physical activity, poor diet and aging. Oxidative stress is a core mechanism underlying sarcopenic obesity. Some evidence indicates a protective role of antioxidant flavonoids in sarcopenic obesity, although the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This review summarizes the general characteristics and pathophysiology of sarcopenic obesity and focuses on the role of oxidative stress in sarcopenic obesity. The potential benefits of flavonoids in sarcopenic obesity have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un Ju Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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