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Wang L, Cheng HX, Zhou YH, Ma M. Clinical Significance of the D-Loop Gene Mutation in Mitochondrial DNA in Laryngeal Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:3461-3466. [PMID: 34079291 PMCID: PMC8165653 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s304836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the D-loop gene mutation and microsatellite instability in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the correlation with the clinical and pathological parameters in laryngeal cancer. Methods The tumor tissues and paratumor tissues in 60 cases of laryngeal cancer were selected, and DNA was extracted from these tissues. The D-loop region in mtDNA was amplified by PCR with the gene sequence of the amplified product being detected. The gene sequence of the detected region was compared with the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS) and the related database by using the Mitomaster software. The correlation between the D-loop gene mutation and the clinical and pathological parameters was investigated. Results A total of 174 mutations across 38 sites were detected in 51 (85%) of samples. Most of the mutations were concentrated in the high various (HV) I region, and the main types of mutations were the substitution of a single base or insertion and deletion of a single base. There was also microsatellite instability in the D310 region. The statistical results showed that there was no correlation between the age, gender, tumor diameter, and TNM stage, and the number of the D-loop mutations in mtDNA (P > 0.05). Conclusion There existed high-frequency mutation of the D-loop gene in mtDNA in laryngeal cancer, which might play an important role in the pathogenesis of laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Xiang Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Luoyang First People's Hospital, Luoyang, 471000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hui Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
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Park E, Ahn S, Kim H, Park SY, Lim J, Kwon HJ, Han YB, Lee CT, Cho S, Chung JH. Targeted Sequencing Analysis of Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma with Multiple Synchronous Ground-Glass/Lepidic Nodules. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 13:1776-1783. [PMID: 30121391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) with synchronous ground-glass/lepidic (GG/L) nodules is considered a distinct disease entity in multiple synchronous lung cancers. Few studies have performed next-generation sequencing analysis of these synchronous sequential lesions, and genetic alterations of GG/L nodules must be further investigated. METHODS We performed targeted sequencing in ADC with synchronous atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), ADC in situ, or minimally invasive ADC from 16 patients. Next-generation sequencing was performed by using a customized panel including 154 cancer-associated genes. RESULTS Multiple synchronous lesions in the same patient showed different mutation profiles, and some shared identically mutated genes. In five patients harboring EGFR-mutant ADC, their synchronous GG/L nodules had EGFR mutation; however, none was observed in EGFR wild-type ADC. The average numbers of exonic mutations were 4.2, 5.4, 4.0, and 5.4 in AAH, ADC in situ, minimally invasive ADC, and ADC, respectively. In each lesion type, various mutations, including LDL receptor related protein 1B gene (LRP1B), KRAS, EGFR, and BRAF were observed in AAH, and EGFR mutations were the most frequently observed in ADC. In all, 80% of mutations with a variant allele frequency of 20% or higher, which contained driver gene mutations, were identified in ADC. Intratumoral heterogeneity of the genetic profile was found between the lepidic and invasive areas of ADC, but the driver gene mutations were similar. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that ADC and synchronous GG/L nodules are genetically independent tumors. Intratumoral genetic heterogeneity of ADC was present, but driver gene mutations were homogeneously distributed. Driver gene mutations with a high variant allele frequency were identified in the invasive tumor. These findings support the relevance of molecular characterization of lung ADC and synchronous GG/L nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhyang Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Ahn
- Division of Statistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Lim
- Division of Statistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Bi Han
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Taek Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukki Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Haeng Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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Clonal analysis as a prognostic factor in multiple oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2017; 67:131-137. [PMID: 28351567 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A novel classification based on molecular methods to assess clonality defines three types of secondary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC): second primary tumour (SPT) independent from the index tumour, local recurrence (LR), clonally related to the primary tumour, and second field tumour (SFT), derived from the same genetically altered mucosal field as the primary tumour. The present study applied mtDNA analysis in a group of patients experiencing a second loco-regional neoplastic manifestation. The purpose was to differentiate secondary tumours into LRs, SPTs and SFTs and evaluate the prognostic impact in terms of survival rate. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study population comprised 23 patients who experienced a second neoplastic lesion after a surgical resection of primary OSCC. mtDNA D-loop analysis was applied in paired neoplastic lesions and in clinically and histologically normal mucosa. On the basis of mtDNA results, the second OSCC was classified as LR or SPT or SFT. Disease-free survival was defined as the duration between the appearance of the second neoplastic lesion and death of disease, or last follow-up visit. RESULTS Seven secondary tumours were classified as LR, 12 as SFT, 4 as SPT. An altered mucosal field proved a variable significantly related to a better survival rate (p<0.05); 2/12 (16.6%) SFT events failed as compared to 5/7 LRs (71.4%) and 3/4 SPTs (75%). CONCLUSION mtDNA analysis may be considered a useful tool to differentiate secondary tumours and might influence the choice of the most appropriate treatment in patients with multiple OSCCs.
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Jin M, Lee YH, Kim B, Yoon YC, Wi JH. Solitary Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia in a 12-Year-Old Girl. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2016; 49:141-4. [PMID: 27065090 PMCID: PMC4825920 DOI: 10.5090/kjtcs.2016.49.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia is a premalignant lesion reflecting a focal proliferation of atypical cells. These lesions are usually observed as incidental findings in lungs that have been resected due to other conditions, such as lung cancer. We report the youngest case of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia on record in a 12-year-old girl. In this patient, the lesion was found in association with pneumothorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Jin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine
| | - Yang-Haeng Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine
| | - Bomi Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine
| | - Young Chul Yoon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine
| | - Jin Hong Wi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine
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DNA methylation transcriptionally regulates the putative tumor cell growth suppressor ZNF677 in non-small cell lung cancers. Oncotarget 2016; 6:394-408. [PMID: 25504438 PMCID: PMC4381603 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In our study, we investigated the role of ZNF677 in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). By comparing ZNF677 expression in primary tumor (TU) and in the majority of cases also of corresponding non-malignant lung tissue (NL) samples from > 1,000 NSCLC patients, we found tumor-specific downregulation of ZNF677 expression (adjusted p-values < 0.001). We identified methylation as main mechanism for ZNF677 downregulation in NSCLC cells and we observed tumor-specific ZNF677 methylation in NSCLC patients (p < 0.0001). In the majority of TUs, ZNF677 methylation was associated with loss of ZNF677 expression. Moreover, ZNF677 overexpression in NSCLC cells was associated with reduced cell proliferation and cell migration. ZNF677 was identified to regulate expression of many genes mainly involved in growth hormone regulation and interferon signalling. Finally, patients with ZNF677 methylated TUs had a shorter overall survival compared to patients with ZNF677 not methylated TUs (p = 0.013). Overall, our results demonstrate that ZNF677 is trancriptionally regulated by methylation in NSCLCs, suggest that ZNF677 has tumor cell growth suppressing properties in NSCLCs and that ZNF677 methylation might serve as prognostic parameter in these patients.
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BETTIO DANIELA, VENCI ANNA, ACHILLE VALENTINA, ALLOISIO MARCO, SANTORO ARMANDO. Lung cancer in which the hypothesis of multi-step progression is confirmed by array-CGH results: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:98-100. [PMID: 26889224 PMCID: PMC4726878 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of lung cancer has not been fully elucidated and biological markers acting as predictors of tumor evolution and aggressiveness remain unidentified. The multi-step hypothesis, suggesting a progression from adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) to adenocarcinoma (AC) through bronchioalveolar carcinoma (BAC), was highlighted in a previous cytogenetic study performed in a single case. The present study reports the results of an array-comparative genomic hybridization (a-CGH) analysis performed on the DNA obtained from the previously reported case that presented AAH, BAC and AC in one lung. The a-CGH results confirm and support the previous cytogenetic observations with new data, clearly supporting the hypothesis of a multi-step carcinogenic process in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- DANIELA BETTIO
- Cytogenetic and Medical Genetic Laboratory, Operative Unit of Clinical Investigations, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan I-20089, Italy
| | - ANNA VENCI
- Cytogenetic and Medical Genetic Laboratory, Operative Unit of Clinical Investigations, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan I-20089, Italy
| | - VALENTINA ACHILLE
- Cytogenetic and Medical Genetic Laboratory, Operative Unit of Clinical Investigations, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan I-20089, Italy
| | - MARCO ALLOISIO
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan I-20089, Italy
| | - ARMANDO SANTORO
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan I-20089, Italy
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Izumchenko E, Chang X, Brait M, Fertig E, Kagohara LT, Bedi A, Marchionni L, Agrawal N, Ravi R, Jones S, Hoque MO, Westra WH, Sidransky D. Targeted sequencing reveals clonal genetic changes in the progression of early lung neoplasms and paired circulating DNA. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8258. [PMID: 26374070 PMCID: PMC4595648 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lungs resected for adenocarcinomas often harbour minute discrete foci of cytologically atypical pneumocyte proliferations designated as atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH). Evidence suggests that AAH represents an initial step in the progression to adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and fully invasive adenocarcinoma. Despite efforts to identify predictive markers of malignant transformation, alterations driving this progression are poorly understood. Here we perform targeted next-generation sequencing on multifocal AAHs and different zones of histologic progression within AISs and MIAs. Multiregion sequencing demonstrated different genetic drivers within the same tumour and reveal that clonal expansion is an early event of tumorigenesis. We find that KRAS, TP53 and EGFR mutations are indicators of malignant transition. Utilizing droplet digital PCR, we find alterations associated with early neoplasms in paired circulating DNA. This study provides insight into the heterogeneity of clonal events in the progression of early lung neoplasia and demonstrates that these events can be detected even before neoplasms have invaded and acquired malignant potential. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia is thought to be a precursor lesion for lung adenocarcinoma. Here, using targeted deep sequencing, the authors demonstrate that hyperplastic lesions contain somatic mutations associated with malignant disease and that these can be detected in circulating tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Xiaofei Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Mariana Brait
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Elana Fertig
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Luciane T Kagohara
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Atul Bedi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Center for Computational Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Rajani Ravi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Sian Jones
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Inc., 2809 Boston Street, Suite 503, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Mohammad O Hoque
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - William H Westra
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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8
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Prognostic significance of promoter CpG island hypermethylation and repetitive DNA hypomethylation in stage I lung adenocarcinoma. Virchows Arch 2015; 466:675-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Morandi L, Tarsitano A, Gissi D, Leonardi E, Balbi T, Marchetti C, Montebugnoli L, Foschini MP. Clonality analysis in primary oral squamous cell carcinoma and related lymph-node metastasis revealed by TP53 and mitochondrial DNA next generation sequencing analysis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014; 43:208-13. [PMID: 25530302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The chance of developing a neck nodal metastasis after initial treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma varies from 12.4% to 62%. Despite being the main reason for cancer-related mortality, nodal metastases are still rarely subjected to molecular analyses, and our knowledge of the clonal heterogeneity of multiple lesions within the same patient is limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between primary oral cancer and lymph node metastasis in a series of patients with synchronous and metachronous metastases by 2 clonality tests: mt-DNA and TP53 sequence analysis. The study population consisted of 10 consecutive patients. Data identified in this study demonstrate that our assay based on next-generation analysis of TP53 and mt-DNA is simple, is reliable, allows high throughput, and may be applied to retrospective cases. The combination of mt-DNA and TP53 data analysis helped us to evaluate more precisely and consistently the genetic relationship among different tumor clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Morandi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro-motor Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology "M. Malpighi" at Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Achille Tarsitano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro-motor Sciences, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Davide Gissi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro-motor Sciences, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Leonardi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro-motor Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology "M. Malpighi" at Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tiziana Balbi
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro-motor Sciences, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Montebugnoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro-motor Sciences, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro-motor Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology "M. Malpighi" at Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Tarsitano A, Leonardi E, Morandi L, Farnedi A, Montebugnoli L, Marchetti C. Late skip lymph node metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma or metastasis of unknown second primary tumor? Answer by mitochondrial DNA analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 117:e11-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Montebugnoli L, Leonardi E, Morandi L, Farnedi A, Gissi DB, Marchetti C, Tarsitano A, Balbi T, Gentile L, Cocchi R, Foschini MP. Genetic relationship between multiple squamous cell carcinomas arising in the oral cavity. Head Neck 2013; 36:94-100. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Montebugnoli
- Section of Oral Science; Department of Biomedical and Neuro-Muscular Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Elisa Leonardi
- Section of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital; Department of Biomedical and Neuro-Muscular Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Luca Morandi
- Section of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital; Department of Biomedical and Neuro-Muscular Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Anna Farnedi
- Section of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital; Department of Biomedical and Neuro-Muscular Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Davide Bartolomeo Gissi
- Section of Oral Science; Department of Biomedical and Neuro-Muscular Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | | | | | - Tiziana Balbi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; Operative Unit of Anatomic Pathology at S. Orsola Hospital; Bologna
| | - Luciano Gentile
- Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery; Bellaria Hospital; Bologna Italy
| | - Roberto Cocchi
- “Casa sollievo della sofferenza” Hospital; San Giovanni Rotondo (FG); Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschini
- Section of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital; Department of Biomedical and Neuro-Muscular Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
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Parr RL, Jakupciak JP, Birch-Machin MA, Dakubo GD. The mitochondrial genome: a biosensor for early cancer detection? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 1:169-82. [PMID: 23489304 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.1.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the mitochondrial genome have been reported as biomarkers for the detection of cancer. Hallmarks of cancer development include the accumulation of genetic alterations in the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Damage to mitochondria affects energy metabolism, generation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, cell growth and other processes that contribute to the neoplastic process. Furthermore, mitochondrial DNA mutations occur frequently in cancer. Little work has been done to link a pathway between mitochondrial mutations and cancer etiology. Volumes of work have been reported on the association of mitochondrial mutations and almost all types of cancer including the use of body fluids for early detection. This review examines the measurement of mitochondrial mutations for the application of detecting human tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Parr
- Vice President of Research, Genesis Genomics, Inc., 290 Munro Street, Ste 1000, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7A 7T1, Canada +1 807 346 8100; +1 807 346 8105 ;
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13
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Foschini MP, Morandi L, Leonardi E, Flamminio F, Ishikawa Y, Masetti R, Eusebi V. Genetic clonal mapping of in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma indicates the field cancerization phenomenon in the breast. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1310-9. [PMID: 23337025 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 80% of well-differentiated in situ duct carcinomas (g1 DCIS) have been shown to be multicentric (multilobar) lesions, while most in situ poorly differentiated duct carcinomas (g3 DCIS) were unifocal (unilobar) lesions. Here we present a clonality study of 15 cases of DCIS, all showing multiple foci. Twelve of these cases were associated with an invasive duct carcinoma. Fifteen cases of female breast cancer patients all showing multiple DCIS foci (5 g1 DCIS, 5 g2 DCIS, 5 g3 DCIS) were randomly selected and histologically studied using large histological sections. Care was taken to laser-microdissect DCIS foci that were most distantly located from one another in the same large section, and pertinent cells were genetically studied. Invasive duct carcinoma and ipsilateral lymph node metastases and/or contralateral lesions, whenever present, were additionally microdissected. DNA of neoplastic cells was purified, and the mtDNA D-loop region was sequenced. Genetic distance of different foci from the same case was visualized by phylogenetic analyses using the neighbor-joining method. Patients ranged in age from 36 to 87 years (mean 65.1). All 9 cases of widely spread DCIS were not clonal. Four of 6 cases that showed multiple adjacent foci were clonally related on mtDNA analysis. In the present series, 11/15 DCIS appeared as multiple synchronous primary breast tumors, genetically not related to one another. The present data enhance the view that breast can also show the field cancerization phenomenon, paralleling what has already been proposed in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Foschini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromuscular Sciences, "M. Malpighi" Anatomic Pathology Section, University of Bologna, Italy
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14
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Bettio D, Cariboni U, Venci A, Valente M, Spaggiari P, Alloisio M. Cytogenetic findings in lung cancer that illuminate its biological history from adenomatous hyperplasia to bronchioalveolar carcinoma to adenocarcinoma: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2012; 4:1032-1034. [PMID: 23226769 PMCID: PMC3494121 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological and chronological evolution of lung cancer remain to be fully elucidated. A multi-step carcinogenesis hypothesis suggests a progression from atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) through bronchioalveolar carcinoma (BAC) to invasive adenocarcinoma (AC), but to date this has not been formally demonstrated. We report a case of a patient diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) with lung cancer in the superior right lobe who also presented with a pure ground-glass opacity (GGO) in the inferior lobe, while the middle lobe appeared normal. Following pneumonectomy, cytogenetic analysis successfully performed on spontaneous metaphases obtained by the direct method from samples of the three lung lobes showed the presence of three clonal cell populations, each progressively having increased karyotype complexity. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), performed using ALK (2p23) break probe and ALK/EML4 t(2;2);inv(2) fusion probe, showed a normal pattern for all specimens. Histological evaluation confirmed the presence of AC in the superior right lobe and classified the GGO lesion as BAC and the normal tissue of the middle lobe as AAH. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in which the cytogenetic study of spontaneous metaphases showed a clear clonal relationship among AC, BAC and AAH present simultaneously in different lobes of the same lung. This case appears to indicate that the entire lung was somehow predisposed to a neoplastic transformation starting with a diffuse AAH characterized by high proliferative activity. Moreover, the 5q13 region involved in the translocation shared by BAC and AC contains at least 4 genes encoding important regulators of the cell cycle that may be considered new molecular markers of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bettio
- Cytogenetic and Medical Genetic Laboratory, Operative Unit of Clinical Investigations
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15
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Abstract
Lung cancer classification is of paramount importance in determining the treatment for oncologic patients. Most lung cancers are non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC), which are further subclassified into squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Lung neuroendocrine tumors are subclassified into typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, small cell carcinoma, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. In NSCLC in particular, the histologic classification and tumor mutation analysis are central to today's targeted therapy and personalized treatment. This article discusses the current diagnostic criteria for classification of NSCLC and lung neuroendocrine tumors and implications for oncologic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fan
- Department of Pathology, St Joseph Pathology Associates, St Joseph Medical Center, 7601 Osler Drive, Towson, MD 21204, USA.
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Selamat SA, Galler JS, Joshi AD, Fyfe MN, Campan M, Siegmund KD, Kerr KM, Laird-Offringa IA. DNA methylation changes in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma in situ, and lung adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21443. [PMID: 21731750 PMCID: PMC3121768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant DNA methylation is common in lung adenocarcinoma, but its timing in the phases of tumor development is largely unknown. Delineating when abnormal DNA methylation arises may provide insight into the natural history of lung adenocarcinoma and the role that DNA methylation alterations play in tumor formation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We used MethyLight, a sensitive real-time PCR-based quantitative method, to analyze DNA methylation levels at 15 CpG islands that are frequently methylated in lung adenocarcinoma and that we had flagged as potential markers for non-invasive detection. We also used two repeat probes as indicators of global DNA hypomethylation. We examined DNA methylation in 249 tissue samples from 93 subjects, spanning the putative spectrum of peripheral lung adenocarcinoma development: histologically normal adjacent non-tumor lung, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS, formerly known as bronchioloalveolar carcinoma), and invasive lung adenocarcinoma. Comparison of DNA methylation levels between the lesion types suggests that DNA hypermethylation of distinct loci occurs at different time points during the development of lung adenocarcinoma. DNA methylation at CDKN2A ex2 and PTPRN2 is already significantly elevated in AAH, while CpG islands at 2C35, EYA4, HOXA1, HOXA11, NEUROD1, NEUROD2 and TMEFF2 are significantly hypermethylated in AIS. In contrast, hypermethylation at CDH13, CDX2, OPCML, RASSF1, SFRP1 and TWIST1 and global DNA hypomethylation appear to be present predominantly in invasive cancer. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The gradual increase in DNA methylation seen for numerous loci in progressively more transformed lesions supports the model in which AAH and AIS are sequential stages in the development of lung adenocarcinoma. The demarcation of DNA methylation changes characteristic for AAH, AIS and adenocarcinoma begins to lay out a possible roadmap for aberrant DNA methylation events in tumor development. In addition, it identifies which DNA methylation changes might be used as molecular markers for the detection of preinvasive lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaida A. Selamat
- Departments of Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Janice S. Galler
- Departments of Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Amit D. Joshi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - M. Nicky Fyfe
- Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Mihaela Campan
- Departments of Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kimberly D. Siegmund
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Keith M. Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Ite A. Laird-Offringa
- Departments of Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Foschini MP, Morandi L, Marchetti C, Cocchi R, Eusebi LH, Farnedi A, Badiali G, Gissi DB, Pennesi MG, Montebugnoli L. Cancerization of cutaneous flap reconstruction for oral squamous cell carcinoma: report of three cases studied with the mtDNA D-loop sequence analysis. Histopathology 2011; 58:361-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ambrosini-Spaltro A, Morandi L, Spagnolo DV, Cavazza A, Brisigotti M, Damiani S, Jain S, Eusebi V. Nasal seromucinous hamartoma (microglandular adenosis of the nose): a morphological and molecular study of five cases. Virchows Arch 2010; 457:727-34. [PMID: 20922408 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-010-0984-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Five cases of nasal seromucinous hamartoma were studied and their clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular data are reported. The patients, three females and two males, ranged in age from 49 to 66 years (mean 56 year, SD ± 7.91). All lesions were located in the nasal cavity. In four cases where follow-up was obtained, no recurrence was evident. In all cases, numerous small seromucinous tubules, embedded in a cellular stroma, were present in the lamina propria. Tubules were lined by one layer of cuboidal cells which displayed luminal phenotype positive for lysozyme and EMA in four, and S100 protein in all cases. Collagen IV and laminin positive basal lamina outlined the tubules which lacked basal cells. Stromal spindle cells present among tubules were immunoreactive for calponin in all cases and for alpha-smooth muscle actin in four cases. DNA mutation analysis of mitochondrial D-loop region was performed by direct sequencing in order to verify the mutation rate of these lesions. The tubules of the five seromucinous hamartomas showed a higher mutation rate especially in heteroplasmy (0.52% homoplasmy, 2.02% heteroplasmy) in comparison to normal seromucinous glands which exhibited a lower mutation frequency (0.83%). This is considered a sign of a low cellular proliferation rate consistent with a benign process. It is concluded that nasal seromucinous hamartomas are benign glandular proliferations that may resemble microglandular adenosis of the breast. Their distinction from benign and malignant mimics is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ambrosini-Spaltro
- Sezione di Anatomia Istologia e Citologia Patologica Marcello Malpighi, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Ematologia, Università di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Bologna, Italy
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Clinicopathologic analysis of multiple (five or more) atypical adenomatous hyperplasias (AAHs) of the lung: evidence for the AAH-adenocarcinoma sequence. J Thorac Oncol 2010; 5:466-71. [PMID: 20357616 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e3181ce3b73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clarification of the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with multiple atypical adenomatous hyperplasias (AAHs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The subjects were 1,639 patients who underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy for lung tumors. The clinicopathologic features of the AAHs in the lung background and the main tumors were examined with regard to the number and the size of the AAHs, the incidence and histology of adenocarcinomas (ADs), and the outcome. RESULTS Thirty-two patients (2.0%) had 5 or more AAHs (ranging from 5 to 171), being present predominantly in the upper lobe (86%) and in women (75%). Among the 794 AAHs, 495 (62%) measured less than 1 mm, 170 (22%) measured 1 to less than 2 mm, 118 (15%) measured 2 to less than 5 mm, and 11 (1%) measured 5 to less than 10 mm. Twenty-eight patients (88%) had AD (1 in 18 patients and 2 to 6 in 10 patients). Thirty-two of the 51 patients with ADs (63%) had an AAH component. The incidence of ADs among the total of both AAHs and ADs was 6.0% (51 of 845). The 5-year cancer-free survival rate was 71.4%. CONCLUSION Five or more AAHs were seen in the background in 2.0% of lung tumors. Most of the AAHs were small, measuring less than 2 mm, and few exceeded 5 mm. Most of the patients had ADs, which were histologically suggested to be derived from AAH. However, the incidence of the AAH-AD sequence was considered to be low at the tumor basis, and the outcome of ADs was not very favorable.
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Chilosi M, Murer B. Mixed Adenocarcinomas of the Lung: Place in New Proposals in Classification, Mandatory for Target Therapy. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010; 134:55-65. [DOI: 10.5858/134.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Context.—Lung cancer is one of the most frequent and lethal malignant neoplasms, but knowledge regarding the molecular basis of its pathogenesis is far from complete due to the striking diversity of different forms. The current lung cancer classification (World Health Organization 2004) can efficiently distinguish clinically relevant major subtypes (small cell and non–small cell carcinomas), but its results are partly inadequate when facing prognostic and therapeutic decisions for non–small cell carcinomas, especially for the group of tumors classified as adenocarcinoma. Lung adenocarcinoma comprises a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by diverse morphologic features and molecular pathogenesis. The category of mixed adenocarcinomas includes most adenocarcinomas (approximately 80%) and, according to World Health Organization criteria, is defined by the occurrence of a mixed array of different patterns (acinar, papillary, bronchioloalveolar, solid with mucin). The histologic recognition of mixed adenocarcinoma is subjective and cannot consistently discriminate between responders and nonresponders to new targeted therapies (eg, tyrosine kinase inhibitors). Diagnostic problems are mainly related to the poor reproducibility of histologic criteria, especially when applied in small biopsies and cytology, and to the difficulty in assigning each form to a precisely defined entity, as needed by updated therapeutic approaches. In this evolving scenario, pathologists face new challenging diagnostic roles that include not only the precise morphologic definition of carcinoma subtypes but also their molecular characterization.
Objective.—To use a comprehensive critical analysis reconciling the overwhelming variety of biologic, morphologic, molecular, and clinical data to define new classification schemes for lung adenocarcinoma.
Data Sources.—Scientific literature and personal data were used.
Conclusions.—A new classification approach should redefine lung adenocarcinoma heterogeneity reconciling classic morphology, immunophenotypic and molecular features of neoplastic cells, and also relevant information provided by stem cell biology. This approach, which has been already successfully applied in World Health Organization classification of other tumors, could improve the recognition of new reproducible profiles for adenocarcinomas, more closely and reproducibly related to clinical features and response to specific therapies, limiting the use of “wastebasket” categories such as mixed adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Chilosi
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Italy (Dr Chilosi); and the Anatomic Pathology Unit, Ospedale dell'Angelo, Mestre, Italy (Dr Murer)
| | - Bruno Murer
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Italy (Dr Chilosi); and the Anatomic Pathology Unit, Ospedale dell'Angelo, Mestre, Italy (Dr Murer)
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Ground-glass opacities showing an adenoma-to-carcinoma sequence in the lung. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008; 56:421-3. [DOI: 10.1007/s11748-008-0262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Targeted therapies in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Target Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-008-0088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 75% to 80% of all lung cancers. There is an impetus to find a screening test that can detect non-small cell lung cancer in its early preclinical stages, when surgical resection is most likely to reduce lung cancer mortality. Although earlier randomized controlled trials of lung cancer screening using chest radiography and sputum cytology failed to show reduced lung cancer mortality, CT is a much more sensitive test for detecting small lung nodules, and has generated considerable enthusiasm as a potential contemporary screening tool for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise R Aberle
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Suite 420, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
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Licchesi JDF, Westra WH, Hooker CM, Machida EO, Baylin SB, Herman JG. Epigenetic alteration of Wnt pathway antagonists in progressive glandular neoplasia of the lung. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:895-904. [PMID: 18308762 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) is now recognized as a precursor lesion from which lung adenocarcinomas arise and thus represents an ideal target for studying the early genetic and epigenetic alterations associated with lung tumorigenesis such as alterations of the Wnt pathway. METHODS We assessed the level of Wnt signaling activity in lung cancer cell lines by determining the level of active beta-catenin and determined the level of expression of Wnt antagonists APC, DKK1, DKK3, LKB1, SFRP1, 2, 4, 5, WIF1 and RUNX3 using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Using multiplex nested methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, we analyzed promoter region methylation of these genes in resected lung tissue in the histopathologic sequence of glandular neoplasia (normal lung parenchyma, low-grade and high-grade AAH, adenocarcinoma). RESULTS The majority of non-small cell lung cancer cell lines (11 of 16, 69%) have evidence of active Wnt signaling and silencing of Wnt antagonists correlated with promoter hypermethylation. Promoter region methylation of Wnt antagonists was common in primary lung adenocarcinoma and there was a significant increase in the frequency of methylation for Wnt antagonist genes and the number of genes methylated with each stage of tumorigenesis (test for rend P <or= 0.01). Additionally, odds ratios for promoter hypermethylation of individual or multiple Wnt antagonist genes and adenocarcinomas were statistically significantly elevated and ranged between 3.64 and 48.17. CONCLUSION These results show that gene silencing of Wnt antagonists by promoter hypermethylation occurs during the earliest stages of glandular neoplasia of the lung and accumulates with progression toward malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien D F Licchesi
- Cancer Biology Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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Garfield DH, Cadranel J, West HL. Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma: The Case for Two Diseases. Clin Lung Cancer 2008; 9:24-29. [DOI: 10.3816/clc.2008.n.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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