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Sakharkar P, Kurup S. Comparing Efficacy of Erlotinib and Bevacizumab Combination with Erlotinib Monotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diseases 2023; 11:146. [PMID: 37873790 PMCID: PMC10594499 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess and contrast the efficacy and safety of combining erlotinib and bevacizumab with erlotinib alone in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The authors searched databases such as PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing erlotinib plus bevacizumab with erlotinib in NSCLC patients. The overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and adverse events (AEs) were the outcomes of interest. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and relative risk (RR) were estimated utilizing both fixed- and random-effect models. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Nine studies comprising 1698 patients with NSCLC were included in this meta-analysis, of whom 850 were treated with erlotinib plus bevacizumab, and 848 with erlotinib. The erlotinib plus bevacizumab combination significantly prolonged PFS (HR, 0.62, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.70, p < 0.00001) but did not show any significant improvement in OS (HR, 0.95; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.07, p = 0.39) and ORR (HR, 1.10; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.24, p = 0.09). Increased risks of hypertension (RR, 5.15; 95% CI: 3.59, 7.39; p < 0.00001), proteinuria (RR, 10.54; 95% CI: 3.80, 29.20; p < 0.00001) and grade 3 and higher AEs (RR, 2.09; 95% CI: 1.47, 2.97; p < 0.00001) were observed with the erlotinib-plus-bevacizumab combination compared to erlotinib monotherapy. On subgroup analyses, the erlotinib plus bevacizumab combination improved PFS only. Combining erlotinib and bevacizumab has been shown to improve PFS in advanced NSCLC patients but did not show any significant OS and ORR benefits. Furthermore, risks of hypertension, proteinuria, and grade 3 or higher AEs were greater with the erlotinib-and-bevacizumab combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Sakharkar
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, College of Science, Health and Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Schaumburg, IL 60173, USA
| | - Sonali Kurup
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI 49307, USA;
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Zhou Q, Xu CR, Cheng Y, Liu YP, Chen GY, Cui JW, Yang N, Song Y, Li XL, Lu S, Zhou JY, Ma ZY, Yu SY, Huang C, Shu YQ, Wang Z, Yang JJ, Tu HY, Zhong WZ, Wu YL. Bevacizumab plus erlotinib in Chinese patients with untreated, EGFR-mutated, advanced NSCLC (ARTEMIS-CTONG1509): A multicenter phase 3 study. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:1279-1291.e3. [PMID: 34388377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dual inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways may delay therapeutic resistance in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This phase 3 study investigated the efficacy and safety of an erlotinib plus bevacizumab regimen in untreated patients with advanced NSCLC. In total, 311 patients received bevacizumab plus erlotinib (n = 157) or erlotinib only (n = 154). Progression-free survival (PFS) was 17.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.2-19.9) for bevacizumab plus erlotinib and 11.2 months (95% CI, 9.7-13.8) for erlotinib only (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.41-0.73; p < 0.001). A brain metastases subgroup treated with bevacizumab plus erlotinib also showed improved PFS (HR = 0.48; 95% CI, 0.27-0.84; p = 0.008). Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 86 (54.8%) and 40 (26.1%) patients, respectively. Bevacizumab plus erlotinib significantly improved PFS in patients with untreated metastatic EGFR-mutated NSCLC, including those with brain metastases at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong-Rui Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Provincial Tumor Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Yun-Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gong-Yan Chen
- Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiu-Wei Cui
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Li
- Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Medical Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Ying Zhou
- Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shi-Ying Yu
- Medical Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong-Qian Shu
- Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ji Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yan Tu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Zhao Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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Patel SA, Herynk MH, Cascone T, Saigal B, Nilsson MB, Tran H, Ramachandran S, Diao L, Wang J, Le X, Minna J, Wistuba II, Heymach JV. Estrogen Promotes Resistance to Bevacizumab in Murine Models of NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:2051-2064. [PMID: 34311109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Subgroup analyses from clinical studies have suggested that among patients with metastatic NSCLC receiving chemotherapy, females may derive less benefit from the addition of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibody bevacizumab (BV) than males. This has raised the question of whether estrogen may affect the response to antiangiogenic therapy. METHODS To address this, we investigated the effects of estrogen on tumor growth, angiogenesis, and the response to BV in human xenograft models of NSCLC. RESULTS We observed that estrogen induced marked resistance to BV, which was accompanied by a 2.3-fold increase in tumor vascular pericyte coverage (p = 0.01) and an up-regulation of proangiogenic factors, VEGF and platelet-derived growth factor-BB. We also investigated the role of infiltrating myeloid cells, a population that has been associated with resistance to anti-VEGF therapies. We observed that estrogen induced a greater than twofold increase (p = 0.001) in the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and concomitant increases in the myeloid recruitment factors, G-CSF and CXCL1. Blockade of the estrogen receptor pathway using fulvestrant resensitized tumors to VEGF targeting as evidenced by reduced tumor vasculature and an increase in overall survival in our NSCLC xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data provide evidence that estrogen may promote resistance to VEGF-targeted therapies, potentially by enhancing pericyte coverage and myeloid recruitment, and suggest that estrogen receptor blockade merits further investigation as an approach to enhance the effects of antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A Patel
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew H Herynk
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tina Cascone
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Babita Saigal
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Monique B Nilsson
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hai Tran
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sumankalai Ramachandran
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiuning Le
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Integrated analysis of long non-coding RNAs and mRNA profiles reveals potential sex-dependent biomarkers of bevacizumab/erlotinib response in advanced lung cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240633. [PMID: 33075110 PMCID: PMC7571718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While lung cancer patient outcomes are well-recognized to vary as a function of patient sex, there has been insufficient research regarding the relationship between patient sex and EGFR(Epidermal growth factor receptor) response efficacy. The present study therefore sought to identify novel sex-related biomarkers of bevacizumab/erlotinib (BE) responses in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods The exon array data in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset were analyzed in order to identify patterns of mRNA and lncRNA expression associated with BE resistance in NSCLC. These differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs were identified via DE Analysis Filtering. These DE mRNAs were then assessed for their potential functional roles via pathway enrichment analyses, with overlapping functions possibly associated with the BE resistance. The mRNAs in these overlapping groups were then assessed for their correlations with patient survival, and lncRNA-mRNA co-expression networks were generated for each patient subset. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was also generated based upon these DE mRNAs. Results In females we identified 172 DE lncRNAs and 1766 DE mRNAs associated with BE responses, while in males we identified 78 DE lncRNAs and 485 DE mRNAs associated with such responses. Based on the overlap between these two datasets, we identified a total of 37 GO functions and 18 pathways associated with BE responses. Co-expression and PPI networks suggested that the key lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with these BE response mechanisms weredifferent in the male and female patients. Conclusions This work is the first to conduct a global profiling of the relationship between lncRNA and mRNA expression patterns, patient sex, and BE responses in individuals suffering from NSCLC. Together these results suggest that the integrative lncRNA-mRNA expression analyses may offer invaluable new therapeutic insights that can guide the tailored treatment of lung cancer in order to ensure optimal BE responses.
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Peravali M, Wang H, Kim C, Veytsman I. Combined Inhibition of EGFR and VEGF Pathways in Patients with EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Oncol Rep 2020; 22:119. [DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-00981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lasalvia P, Hernández F, Gil-Rojas Y, Rosselli D. Incremental cost-effectiveness analysis of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer with mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor in Colombia. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2020; 21:821-827. [PMID: 32498573 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2020.1779063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the cost-effectiveness of sequences starting with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), afatinib and osimertinib, for the treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive (Exon 19 deletion or L858R) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), stages IIIB - IV in Colombia. METHODS A partitioned survival model was designed, using information from global and progression-free survival curves. For first and second-generation TKI, second line treatment was assumed according to the presence of T790M mutation to define the use of osimertinib or chemotherapy. The cost of the states without progression and post-progression was estimated using the base case approach, identified through consultation with clinical experts. RESULTS The cost of treatment starting with afatinib in the first line was of 222,247 USD (1 USD = 3171.99 COP) and produced 1.36 QALYs. The strategy with afatinib was dominant with respect to that of first line TKI (227,289 USD and 1.34 QALY). The strategy with osimertinib resulted in more QALYs and higher costs, with ICERs of 35,062 USD, exceeding the current willingness to pay threshold for Colombia. CONCLUSIONS Treatment starting with afatinib in the first line is dominant with respect to the strategy with first line TKI. The ICER of osimertinib sequence exceeds the threshold when compared with afatinib one.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Diego Rosselli
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Alexander M, Halmos B. VEGF inhibitors in EGFR-mutated lung cancer: a never-ending story? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:446. [PMID: 30603634 PMCID: PMC6312817 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.11.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Alexander
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Balazs Halmos
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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Zhao B, Zhang W, Yu D, Xu J, Wei Y. Erlotinib in combination with bevacizumab has potential benefit in non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Lung Cancer 2018; 122:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Jiang T, Qiao M, Zhou F, Ren S, Su C, Zhou C. Effect of Combined Therapy Inhibiting EGFR and VEGFR Pathways in Non–Small-cell Lung Cancer on Progression-free and Overall Survival. Clin Lung Cancer 2017; 18:421-431.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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10
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Baty F, Joerger M, Früh M, Klingbiel D, Zappa F, Brutsche M. 24h-gene variation effect of combined bevacizumab/erlotinib in advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer using exon array blood profiling. J Transl Med 2017; 15:66. [PMID: 28359318 PMCID: PMC5372268 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The SAKK 19/05 trial investigated the safety and efficacy of the combined targeted therapy bevacizumab and erlotinib (BE) in unselected patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although activating EGFR mutations were the strongest predictors of the response to BE, some patients not harboring driver mutations could benefit from the combined therapy. The identification of predictive biomarkers before or short after initiation of therapy is therefore paramount for proper patient selection, especially among EGFR wild-types. The first aim of this study was to investigate the early change in blood gene expression in unselected patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC treated by BE. The second aim was to assess the predictive value of blood gene expression levels at baseline and 24h after BE therapy. Methods Blood samples from 43 advanced non-squamous NSCLC patients taken at baseline and 24h after initiation of therapy were profiled using Affymetrix’ exon arrays. The 24h gene dysregulation was investigated in the light of gene functional annotations using gene set enrichment analysis. The predictive value of blood gene expression levels was assessed and validated using an independent dataset. Results Significant gene dysregulations associated with the 24h-effect of BE were detected from blood-based whole-genome profiling. BE had a direct effect on “Pathways in cancer”, by significantly down-regulating genes involved in cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, MAPK signaling pathway and mTOR signaling pathway. These pathways contribute to phenomena of evasion of apoptosis, proliferation and sustained angiogenesis. Other signaling pathways specifically reflecting the mechanisms of action of erlotinib and the anti-angiogenesis effect of bevacizumab were activated. The magnitude of change of the most dysregulated genes at 24h did not have a predictive value regarding the patients’ response to BE. However, predictive markers were identified from the gene expression levels at 24h regarding time to progression under BE. Conclusions The 24h-effect of the combined targeted therapy BE could be accurately monitored in advanced non-squamous NSCLC blood samples using whole-genome exon arrays. Putative predictive markers at 24h could reflect patients’ response to BE after adjusting for their mutational status. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00354549 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1174-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Baty
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Roschacherstrasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Joerger
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Roschacherstrasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Martin Früh
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Roschacherstrasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Klingbiel
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Effingerstrasse 40, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Zappa
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Regionale San Giovanni, 6500, Belinzona, Switzerland
| | - Martin Brutsche
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Roschacherstrasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Zhang S, Mao XD, Wang HT, Cai F, Xu J. Efficacy and safety of bevacizumab plus erlotinib versus bevacizumab or erlotinib alone in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011714. [PMID: 27363819 PMCID: PMC4932259 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bevacizumab and erlotinib inhibit different tumour growth pathways, and both exhibit beneficial effects in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the efficacy of bevacizumab in combination with erlotinib remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to compare combination treatment with bevacizumab and erlotinib to bevacizumab or erlotinib monotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC. METHODS Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE were systematically reviewed. The main outcome measures included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR) and adverse events. Results were expressed as HRs or risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs. RESULTS 5 RCTs involving a total of 1736 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The combination of bevacizumab and erlotinib significantly improved PFS (HR=0.63, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.75; p=0.000) and the ORR (RR=1.91, 95% CI 1.19 to 3.06; p=0.007) in the second-line treatment of NSCLC compared with bevacizumab or erlotinib alone. However, no significant difference in OS was observed between the combination and monotherapy groups (HR=0.96, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.11; p=0.573). A subgroup analysis has shown that the greatest PFS benefit was associated with an age of <65 years(HR=0.74, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.96; p=0.026), Asian/Pacific Islander ethnicity (HR=0.23, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.54; p=0.001), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 1 (HR=0.82, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.98; p=0.033), stage IIIB or IV disease (HR=0.68, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.82; p=0.000) and no history of smoking (HR=0.48, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.71; p=0.000). The incidence of grade 3/4 adverse events such as rash and diarrhoea was higher in the combination group than in the monotherapy group. CONCLUSIONS The addition of bevacizumab to erlotinib can significantly improve PFS and the ORR in the second-line treatment of NSCLC with an acceptable and manageable risk of rash and diarrhoea. Further well-conducted, large-scale trials are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-dong Mao
- Department of Chest Surgery, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-tao Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
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Baty F, Klingbiel D, Zappa F, Brutsche M. High-throughput alternative splicing detection using dually constrained correspondence analysis (DCCA). J Biomed Inform 2015; 58:175-185. [PMID: 26483173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing is an important component of tumorigenesis. Recent advent of exon array technology enables the detection of alternative splicing at a genome-wide scale. The analysis of high-throughput alternative splicing is not yet standard and methodological developments are still needed. We propose a novel statistical approach-Dually Constrained Correspondence Analysis-for the detection of splicing changes in exon array data. Using this methodology, we investigated the genome-wide alteration of alternative splicing in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated by bevacizumab/erlotinib. Splicing candidates reveal a series of genes related to carcinogenesis (SFTPB), cell adhesion (STAB2, PCDH15, HABP2), tumor aggressiveness (ARNTL2), apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation (PDE4D, FLT3, IL1R2), cell invasion (ETV1), as well as tumor growth (OLFM4, FGF14), tumor necrosis (AFF3) or tumor suppression (TUSC3, CSMD1, RHOBTB2, SERPINB5), with indication of known alternative splicing in a majority of genes. DCCA facilitates the identification of putative biologically relevant alternative splicing events in high-throughput exon array data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Baty
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Dirk Klingbiel
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Zappa
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Regional Hospital San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Martin Brutsche
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Gautschi O, Mach N, Rothschild SI, Li Q, Stahel RA, Zippelius A, Cathomas R, Früh M, Betticher DC, Peters S, Rauch D, Feilchenfeldt J, Bubendorf L, Savic S, Jaggi R, Leibundgut EO, Largiadèr C, Brutsche M, Pilop C, Stalder L, Pless M, Ochsenbein AF. Bevacizumab, Pemetrexed, and Cisplatin, or Bevacizumab and Erlotinib for Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Stratified by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation: Phase II Trial SAKK19/09. Clin Lung Cancer 2015; 16:358-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Cascone T, Heymach JV. Can the Lung Cancer Pie Be Divided into Angiogenic Slices? Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:5188-90. [PMID: 26232370 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are no validated markers for predicting benefit from angiogenesis inhibitors or classifying tumors with distinct angiogenic phenotypes. In patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with bevacizumab and erlotinib, Franzini and colleagues find that angiogenesis- and hypoxia-associated gene expression signatures predict tumor response and/or clinical outcome, and may define distinct angiogenic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Cascone
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Franzini A, Baty F, Macovei II, Dürr O, Droege C, Betticher D, Grigoriu BD, Klingbiel D, Zappa F, Brutsche MH. Gene Expression Signatures Predictive of Bevacizumab/Erlotinib Therapeutic Benefit in Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients (SAKK 19/05 trial). Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:5253-63. [PMID: 25922429 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to identify gene expression signatures associated with angiogenesis and hypoxia pathways with predictive value for treatment response to bevacizumab/erlotinib (BE) of nonsquamous advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Whole-genome gene expression profiling was performed on 42 biopsy samples (from SAKK 19/05 trial) using Affymetrix exon arrays, and associations with the following endpoints: time-to-progression (TTP) under therapy, tumor-shrinkage (TS), and overall survival (OS) were investigated. Next, we performed gene set enrichment analyses using genes associated with the angiogenic process and hypoxia response to evaluate their predictive value for patients' outcome. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that both the angiogenic and hypoxia response signatures were enriched within the genes predictive of BE response, TS, and OS. Higher gene expression levels (GEL) of the 10-gene angiogenesis-associated signature and lower levels of the 10-gene hypoxia response signature predicted improved TTP under BE, 7.1 months versus 2.1 months for low versus high-risk patients (P = 0.005), and median TTP 6.9 months versus 2.9 months (P = 0.016), respectively. The hypoxia response signature associated with higher TS at 12 weeks and improved OS (17.8 months vs. 9.9 months for low vs. high-risk patients, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We were able to identify gene expression signatures derived from the angiogenesis and hypoxia response pathways with predictive value for clinical outcome in advanced nonsquamous NSCLC patients. This could lead to the identification of clinically relevant biomarkers, which will allow for selecting the subset of patients who benefit from the treatment and predict drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Franzini
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Florent Baty
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ina I Macovei
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Oliver Dürr
- Institute of Data Analysis and Process Design, Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Bogdan D Grigoriu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Dirk Klingbiel
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) Coordinating Center, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Zappa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinica Luganese, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Martin H Brutsche
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Thomas M, Fischer J, Andreas S, Kortsik C, Grah C, Serke M, von Eiff M, Witt C, Kollmeier J, Müller E, Schenk M, Schröder M, Villalobos M, Reinmuth N, Penzel R, Schnabel P, Acker T, Reuss A, Wolf M. Erlotinib and bevacizumab versus cisplatin, gemcitabine and bevacizumab in unselected nonsquamous nonsmall cell lung cancer. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:219-29. [PMID: 25792638 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00229014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Erlotinib with bevacizumab showed promising activity in recurrent nonsquamous (NS) nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The INNOVATIONS study was designed to assess in first-line treatment of unselected cisplatin-eligible patients this combination compared to cisplatin, gemcitabine and bevacizumab. Stage IIIB/IV patients with NS-NSCLC were randomised on erlotinib (150 mg daily) and bevacizumab (15 mg·kg(-1) on day 1, every 3 weeks) (EB) until progression, or cisplatin (80 mg·m(-2) on day 1, every 3 weeks) and gemcitabine (1250 mg·m(-2) on days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks) up to six cycles and bevacizumab (15 mg·kg(-1) on day 1, every 3 weeks) (PGB) until progression. 224 patients were randomised (EB n=111, PGB n=113). The response rate (12% versus 36%; p<0.0001), progression-free survival (median 3.5 versus 6.9 months; hazard ratio (HR) 1.85, 95% CI 1.39-2.45; p<0.0001) and overall survival (median 12.6 versus 17.8 months; HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01-1.97; p=0.04) clearly favoured PGB. In patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutations (n=32), response rate, progression-free survival and overall survival were not superior with EB. Platinum-based combination chemotherapy remains the standard of care in first-line treatment of unselected NS-NSCLC. Molecular targeted approaches strongly mandate appropriate testing and patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Thomas
- Dept of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik, Thoraxklinik im Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fischer
- Med. Clinic II, Oncology, Klinik Löwenstein, Löwenstein, Germany
| | - Stefan Andreas
- Lungenfachklinik Immenhausen, Immenhausen, Germany Dept of Pneumology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Grah
- Pneumology and Lung Cancer Center, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhöhe, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Serke
- Pneumology/Oncology, Lungenklinik Hemer, Hemer, Germany
| | - Michael von Eiff
- Malteser Krankenhaus St Hildegardis, Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Witt
- Dept of Pneumological Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Kollmeier
- Lungenklinik Heckershorn, HELIOS Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ernst Müller
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Medizinische Klinik, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Michael Schenk
- Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Clinic for Oncology and Hematology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schröder
- Hematology/Oncology, HELIOS St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Villalobos
- Dept of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik, Thoraxklinik im Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Reinmuth
- Dept of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik, Thoraxklinik im Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany Lungenclinic Großhansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Roland Penzel
- Dept of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Schnabel
- Dept of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Acker
- Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Reuss
- Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- Med. Clinic IV, Hematology/Oncology, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany
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Assessment of Folate Receptor-α and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression in Pemetrexed-Treated Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Clin Lung Cancer 2014; 15:320-30.e1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Seto T, Kato T, Nishio M, Goto K, Atagi S, Hosomi Y, Yamamoto N, Hida T, Maemondo M, Nakagawa K, Nagase S, Okamoto I, Yamanaka T, Tajima K, Harada R, Fukuoka M, Yamamoto N. Erlotinib alone or with bevacizumab as first-line therapy in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring EGFR mutations (JO25567): an open-label, randomised, multicentre, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15:1236-44. [PMID: 25175099 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(14)70381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 563] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With use of EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitor monotherapy for patients with activating EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), median progression-free survival has been extended to about 12 months. Nevertheless, new strategies are needed to further extend progression-free survival and overall survival with acceptable toxicity and tolerability for this population. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the combination of erlotinib and bevacizumab compared with erlotinib alone in patients with non-squamous NSCLC with activating EGFR mutation-positive disease. METHODS In this open-label, randomised, multicentre, phase 2 study, patients from 30 centres across Japan with stage IIIB/IV or recurrent non-squamous NSCLC with activating EGFR mutations, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 or 1, and no previous chemotherapy for advanced disease received erlotinib 150 mg/day plus bevacizumab 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks or erlotinib 150 mg/day monotherapy as a first-line therapy until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival, as determined by an independent review committee. Randomisation was done with a dynamic allocation method, and the analysis used a modified intention-to-treat approach, including all patients who received at least one dose of study treatment and had tumour assessment at least once after randomisation. This study is registered with the Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center, number JapicCTI-111390. FINDINGS Between Feb 21, 2011, and March 5, 2012, 154 patients were enrolled. 77 were randomly assigned to receive erlotinib and bevacizumab and 77 to erlotinib alone, of whom 75 patients in the erlotinib plus bevacizumab group and 77 in the erlotinib alone group were included in the efficacy analyses. Median progression-free survival was 16·0 months (95% CI 13·9-18·1) with erlotinib plus bevacizumab and 9·7 months (5·7-11·1) with erlotinib alone (hazard ratio 0·54, 95% CI 0·36-0·79; log-rank test p=0·0015). The most common grade 3 or worse adverse events were rash (19 [25%] patients in the erlotinib plus bevacizumab group vs 15 [19%] patients in the erlotinib alone group), hypertension (45 [60%] vs eight [10%]), and proteinuria (six [8%] vs none). Serious adverse events occurred at a similar frequency in both groups (18 [24%] patients in the erlotinib plus bevacizumab group and 19 [25%] patients in the erlotinib alone group). INTERPRETATION Erlotinib plus bevacizumab combination could be a new first-line regimen in EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC. Further investigation of the regimen is warranted. FUNDING Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terufumi Kato
- Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishio
- The Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Yukio Hosomi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Ito K, Semba T, Uenaka T, Wakabayashi T, Asada M, Funahashi Y. Enhanced anti-angiogenic effect of E7820 in combination with erlotinib in epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer xenograft models. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:1023-31. [PMID: 24841832 PMCID: PMC4317852 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Most non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) harboring activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are initially responsive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs); however, they invariably develop resistance to these drugs. E7820 is an angiogenesis inhibitor that decreases integrin-α2 expression and is currently undergoing clinical trials. We investigated whether E7820 in combination with erlotinib, an EGFR-TKI, could overcome EGFR-TKI-resistance in the NSCLC cell lines A549 (KRAS; G12S), H1975 (EGFR; L858R/T790M), and H1650 (PTEN; loss, EGFR; exon 19 deletion), which are resistant to erlotinib. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out in xenografted tumors to investigate anti-angiogenesis activity and endothelial cell apoptosis levels by endothelial cell marker CD31 and TUNEL staining, respectively. Treatment with E7820 (50 mg/kg) with erlotinib (60 mg/kg) showed a synergistic antitumor effect in three xenograft models. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that combined treatment with E7820 and erlotinib significantly decreased microvessel density and increased apoptosis of tumor-associated endothelial cells compared with use of only one of the agents. This combination increased apoptosis in HUVECs through activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways in vitro. The combination of E7820 with erlotinib is an alternative strategy to overcome erlotinib resistance in NSCLC by enhancement of the anti-angiogenic activity of E7820.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Ito
- Tsukuba Research Laboratory, Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
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20
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Joerger M, Baty F, Früh M, Droege C, Stahel RA, Betticher DC, von Moos R, Ochsenbein A, Pless M, Gautschi O, Rothschild S, Brauchli P, Klingbiel D, Zappa F, Brutsche M. Circulating microRNA profiling in patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC receiving bevacizumab/erlotinib followed by platinum-based chemotherapy at progression (SAKK 19/05). Lung Cancer 2014; 85:306-13. [PMID: 24928469 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Molecular subclassification of non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is essential to improve clinical outcome. This study assessed the prognostic and predictive value of circulating micro-RNA (miRNA) in patients with non-squamous NSCLC enrolled in the phase II SAKK (Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research) trial 19/05, receiving uniform treatment with first-line bevacizumab and erlotinib followed by platinum-based chemotherapy at progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty patients with baseline and 24 h blood samples were included from SAKK 19/05. The primary study endpoint was to identify prognostic (overall survival, OS) miRNA's. Patient samples were analyzed with Agilent human miRNA 8x60K microarrays, each glass slide formatted with eight high-definition 60K arrays. Each array contained 40 probes targeting each of the 1347 miRNA. Data preprocessing included quantile normalization using robust multi-array average (RMA) algorithm. Prognostic and predictive miRNA expression profiles were identified by Spearman's rank correlation test (percentage tumor shrinkage) or log-rank testing (for time-to-event endpoints). RESULTS Data preprocessing kept 49 patients and 424 miRNA for further analysis. Ten miRNA's were significantly associated with OS, with hsa-miR-29a being the strongest prognostic marker (HR=6.44, 95%-CI 2.39-17.33). Patients with high has-miR-29a expression had a significantly lower survival at 10 months compared to patients with a low expression (54% versus 83%). Six out of the 10 miRNA's (hsa-miRN-29a, hsa-miR-542-5p, hsa-miR-502-3p, hsa-miR-376a, hsa-miR-500a, hsa-miR-424) were insensitive to perturbations according to jackknife cross-validation on their HR for OS. The respective principal component analysis (PCA) defined a meta-miRNA signature including the same 6 miRNA's, resulting in a HR of 0.66 (95%-CI 0.53-0.82). CONCLUSION Cell-free circulating miRNA-profiling successfully identified a highly prognostic 6-gene signature in patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC. Circulating miRNA profiling should further be validated in external cohorts for the selection and monitoring of systemic treatment in patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Joerger
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - F Baty
- Department of Pneumology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - M Früh
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - C Droege
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - R A Stahel
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D C Betticher
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - R von Moos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital, Chur, Switzerland
| | - A Ochsenbein
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Pless
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - O Gautschi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - S Rothschild
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - P Brauchli
- SAKK Coordinating Center, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - F Zappa
- Oncology Department, Clinica Luganese, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - M Brutsche
- Department of Pneumology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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21
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Darwiche K, Zarogoulidis P, Karamanos NK, Domvri K, Chatzaki E, Constantinidis TC, Kakolyris S, Zarogoulidis K. Efficacy versus safety concerns for aerosol chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer: a future dilemma for micro-oncology. Future Oncol 2013; 9:505-25. [PMID: 23560374 DOI: 10.2217/fon.12.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhaled chemotherapy was first used more than 30 years ago. Since then, numerous chemotherapeutic agents have been used in either in vitro or in vivo studies. Several aspects of the methodology of the drug administration have been thoroughly demonstrated and explained. However, the safety concerns of these studies were not thoroughly investigated and different results regarding the same drug formulations have been reported. There are cases where the studies failed to demonstrate the long-term effects of the chemotherapeutic drug formulations to the lung parenchyma. Acute and latent effects observed in a small number of human trial studies are still under investigation of inhaled chemotherapy administration. This review provides data regarding all up-to-date inhaled chemotherapy studies and presents the methodological parameters of the safety measures incorporated. In addition, a commentary regarding the safety concerns for the medical staff participating in these studies will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaid Darwiche
- University Pulmonary Department-Interventional Unit, Ruhrland Clinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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22
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EGFR exon-level biomarkers of the response to bevacizumab/erlotinib in non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72966. [PMID: 24039832 PMCID: PMC3769372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are recognized biomarkers for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). EGFR TKIs can also have activity against NSCLC without EGFR mutations, requiring the identification of additional relevant biomarkers. Previous studies on tumor EGFR protein levels and EGFR gene copy number revealed inconsistent results. The aim of the study was to identify novel biomarkers of the response to TKIs in NSCLC by investigating whole genome expression at the exon-level. We used exon arrays and clinical samples from a previous trial (SAKK19/05) to investigate the expression variations at the exon-level of 3 genes potentially playing a key role in modulating treatment response: EGFR, V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA). We identified the expression of EGFR exon 18 as a new predictive marker for patients with untreated metastatic NSCLC treated with bevacizumab and erlotinib in the first line setting. The overexpression of EGFR exon 18 in tumor was significantly associated with tumor shrinkage, independently of EGFR mutation status. A similar significant association could be found in blood samples. In conclusion, exonic EGFR expression particularly in exon 18 was found to be a relevant predictive biomarker for response to bevacizumab and erlotinib. Based on these results, we propose a new model of EGFR testing in tumor and blood.
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23
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Bevacizumab in Advanced NSCLC: Chemotherapy Partners and Duration of Use. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2013; 14:595-609. [DOI: 10.1007/s11864-013-0255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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A phase II study of erlotinib in combination with bevacizumab versus chemotherapy plus bevacizumab in the first-line treatment of advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2013; 82:276-81. [PMID: 23992877 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecularly targeted agents for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can provide similar efficacy to chemotherapy without chemotherapy-associated toxicities. Combining two agents with different modes of action could further increase the efficacy of these therapies. The TASK study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib in combination with the anti-angiogenic agent bevacizumab as first-line therapy in unselected, advanced non-squamous NSCLC patients. METHODS Patients were recruited from December 2007 to September 2008. Planned sample size was 200 patients, a total of 124 patients were randomized. Patients were randomized using a minimization algorithm 1:1 to receive bevacizumab (iv 15 mg/kg day 1 of each 21-day cycle) plus chemotherapy (gemcitabine/cisplatin or carboplatin/paclitaxel standard doses, 4-6 cycles) (BC arm) or bevacizumab plus erlotinib (p.o. 150 mg/day; BE arm) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). If the hazard ratio (HR) of PFS for BE relative to BC was above 1.25 at the pre-planned interim analysis in favor of BC, the study would be re-evaluated. Secondary endpoints included overall survival, response rate and safety. RESULTS All randomized patients (n = 63 BE; n = 61 BC) were evaluated for the efficacy analyses. At the updated interim analysis, median PFS was 18.4 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.0-25.1) versus 25.0 weeks (95% CI 20.6-[not reached]) for BE versus BC, respectively (HR for death or disease progression, BE relative to BC, 2.05, p = 0.0183). The incidence of death was 19% for BE treatment compared with 11.5% for BC treatment. The HR for PFS at the updated interim analysis was above 1.25, therefore patients on the BE arm were permitted to change arms or switch to another drug and the study was terminated. Adverse events reported were as expected. CONCLUSIONS The TASK study did not show a benefit in terms of PFS for the combination of erlotinib with bevacizumab in unselected first-line advanced non-squamous NSCLC compared with chemotherapy plus bevacizumab.
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Farhat FS, Houhou W. Targeted therapies in non-small cell lung carcinoma: what have we achieved so far? Ther Adv Med Oncol 2013; 5:249-70. [PMID: 23858333 PMCID: PMC3707340 DOI: 10.1177/1758834013492001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for innovative therapeutic agents in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has witnessed a swift evolution. The number of targeted drugs that can improve patient outcomes with an acceptable safety profile is steadily increasing. In this review, we highlight current drugs that have already been approved or are under evaluation for the treatment of patients with NSCLC, either in monotherapy or combined therapy for both the first- and second-line settings. Experience with drugs targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, as well as the epidermal growth factor receptor is summarized. Moreover, we provide an overview of more novel targets in NSCLC and initial experience with the respective therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi S Farhat
- Hematology-Oncology Division (Head), Hammoud Hospital University Medical Center, Ghassan Hammoud Street, 652, Saida, Lebanon
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26
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Berardi R, Santoni M, Morgese F, Ballatore Z, Savini A, Onofri A, Mazzanti P, Pistelli M, Pierantoni C, De Lisa M, Caramanti M, Pagliaretta S, Pellei C, Cascinu S. Novel small molecule EGFR inhibitors as candidate drugs in non-small cell lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:563-76. [PMID: 23723712 PMCID: PMC3665567 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s28155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, better understanding of the role of epidermal growth factor receptor in the pathogenesis and progression of non-small cell lung cancer has led to a revolution in the work-up of these neoplasms. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as erlotinib and gefitinib, have been approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, demonstrating an improvement in progression-free and overall survival, particularly in patients harboring activating EGFR mutations. Nevertheless, despite initial responses and long-lasting remissions, resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors invariably develops, most commonly due to the emergence of secondary T790M mutations or to the amplification of mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met), which inevitably leads to treatment failure. Several clinical studies are ongoing (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov), aimed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of combined approaches and to develop novel irreversible or multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mutant-selective inhibitors to overcome such resistance. This review is an overview of ongoing Phase I, II, and III trials of novel small molecule epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and combinations in non-small cell lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Berardi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I - GM Lancisi - G Salesi, Ancona, Italy
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27
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VeriStrat® has a prognostic value for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with erlotinib and bevacizumab in the first line: Pooled analysis of SAKK19/05 and NTR528. Lung Cancer 2013; 79:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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