Mourad AP, De Robles MS. Chemoimmunotherapy-related enteritis resulting in a mechanical small bowel obstruction - A case report.
Int J Surg Case Rep 2021;
79:131-134. [PMID:
33454633 PMCID:
PMC7815460 DOI:
10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.12.096]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The causes of a mechanical small bowel obstruction are diverse, several of which can be managed non-operatively.
One such example is when an obstruction occurs due to an enteritis in the setting of chemo- and immunotherapy.
Treatment is initially supportive in the form fluid resuscitation, gut rest, antiemetics and nasogastric decompression.
Corticosteroids and biological agents may be considered under some circumstances.
Introduction and importance
Mechanical small bowel obstruction (SBO) is amongst the commonest diagnoses encountered in surgical departments. Although the aetiology is frequently post-surgical adhesions, the condition can arise in a virgin abdomen and we now know several of these cases do not require acute operative management. Here we report one such case where a small bowel obstruction transpired due to enteritis in the setting of chemoimmunotherapy with no prior abdominal surgery.
Case presentation
A 62 year old male presented to our department with 2 days of vomiting and obstipation. This is on a background of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer for which he was due for his 4th cycle of carboplatin, pemetrexed and pembrolizumab. Computed Tomography (CT) of the abdomen demonstrated a segment of thickened distal small bowel without any mass lesion, along with upstream dilatation. The findings were consistent with a mechanical SBO due to enteritis. Infective causes were excluded. The patient successfully recovered with non-operative intervention in the coming days.
Clinical discussion
Enteritis is an established adverse effect of various chemoimmunotherapy agents, though a case severe enough to produce a mechanical bowel obstruction is exceptionally rare. We demonstrate through this case that the condition may resolve through conservative measures.
Conclusion
The diagnosis of chemoimmunotherapy-related enteritis producing an SBO although uncommon, should be considered in the relevant population. A non-operative approach may be appropriate under some circumstances.
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