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Coyago-Cruz E, Moya M, Méndez G, Villacís M, Rojas-Silva P, Corell M, Mapelli-Brahm P, Vicario IM, Meléndez-Martínez AJ. Exploring Plants with Flowers: From Therapeutic Nutritional Benefits to Innovative Sustainable Uses. Foods 2023; 12:4066. [PMID: 38002124 PMCID: PMC10671036 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowers have played a significant role in society, focusing on their aesthetic value rather than their food potential. This study's goal was to look into flowering plants for everything from health benefits to other possible applications. This review presents detailed information on 119 species of flowers with agri-food and health relevance. Data were collected on their family, species, common name, commonly used plant part, bioremediation applications, main chemical compounds, medicinal and gastronomic uses, and concentration of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids and phenolic compounds. In this respect, 87% of the floral species studied contain some toxic compounds, sometimes making them inedible, but specific molecules from these species have been used in medicine. Seventy-six percent can be consumed in low doses by infusion. In addition, 97% of the species studied are reported to have medicinal uses (32% immune system), and 63% could be used in the bioremediation of contaminated environments. Significantly, more than 50% of the species were only analysed for total concentrations of carotenoids and phenolic compounds, indicating a significant gap in identifying specific molecules of these bioactive compounds. These potential sources of bioactive compounds could transform the health and nutraceutical industries, offering innovative approaches to combat oxidative stress and promote optimal well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Coyago-Cruz
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Melany Moya
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Carrera de Obstetricia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Iquique, Luis Sodiro N14-121, Quito 170146, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Méndez
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Michael Villacís
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Patricio Rojas-Silva
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Mireia Corell
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Sevilla, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad Asociada al CSIC de Uso Sostenible del Suelo y el Agua en la Agricultura (US-IRNAS), Crta. de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paula Mapelli-Brahm
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain (A.J.M.-M.)
| | - Isabel M. Vicario
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain (A.J.M.-M.)
| | - Antonio J. Meléndez-Martínez
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain (A.J.M.-M.)
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Optimization of a New Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Method of Caffeic Acid from the Aerial Parts of Coriandrum sativum by Using Experimental Design and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is among the most widely used medicinal and aromatic plants. It is well known for its multiple health benefits, most of which are correlated with its phenolic composition. Four phenolic compounds were identified in the extracts of aerial parts of coriander extracts, including caffeic acid, isoquercitrin, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, and rutin. Caffeic acid was the major compound in the extracts. A Box–Behnken Design (BBD) was employed in conjunction with the response surface methodology (RSM) to develop an ultrasound-assisted extraction method for the determination of phenolic compounds in the aerial parts of coriander using the level of caffeic acid as the target response. The following working variables were evaluated: methanol level in the extraction solvent, temperature, sonication time, and liquid-to-solvent ratio. It was found that the methanol concentration is the most significant factor that influences the recovery of caffeic acid. The optimal extraction conditions were: 10 min as the extraction time, 70 °C as the temperature, 50% for methanol in water as the solvent, and 6.51 mL of solvent per gram of sample. The repeatability and reproducibility were calculated and RSD values below 6% were obtained in both cases. The new method was employed for the extraction of real coriander samples and it is suggested that this method could potentially be applied for quality control analyses.
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El-Beltagi HS, Ali MR, Ramadan KMA, Anwar R, Shalaby TA, Rezk AA, El-Ganainy SM, Mahmoud SF, Alkafafy M, El-Mogy MM. Exogenous Postharvest Application of Calcium Chloride and Salicylic Acid to Maintain the Quality of Broccoli Florets. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11111513. [PMID: 35684286 PMCID: PMC9183144 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The importance of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) consumption has increased in recent years due to its significant amount of anticarcinogenic and antioxidant compounds, as well as its many vitamins. However, broccoli florets are a highly perishable product which rapidly senesce and turn yellow after harvest, resulting in losses in nutritional and bioactive compounds. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the effect of postharvest exogenous of salicylic acid (SA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) and their combination on the quality of broccoli florets stored at 5 °C for 28 days to minimize the rapid senescence of broccoli florets. Samples treated with 2 mM SA alone or in combination with 2% CaCl2 showed lower weight loss and lower losses of chlorophyll content, vitamin C, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, flavonoids, and glucosinolates compared with the control samples. Additionally, antioxidant activity was maintained by either SA or SA + CaCl2 treatments while peroxidase activity was decreased. For higher quality and lower losses in antioxidant compounds of broccoli florets during refrigerated storage at 5 °C, SA + CaCl2 treatment could be helpful for up to 21 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Al Bilad Bank Scholarly Chair for Food Security in Saudi Arabia, The Deanship of Scientific Research, The Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.A.R.); (T.A.S.); (A.A.R.); (S.M.E.-G.)
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Gamma St, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.S.E.-B.); (M.M.E.-M.)
| | - Marwa Rashad Ali
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Khaled M. A. Ramadan
- Al Bilad Bank Scholarly Chair for Food Security in Saudi Arabia, The Deanship of Scientific Research, The Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.A.R.); (T.A.S.); (A.A.R.); (S.M.E.-G.)
- Central Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Raheel Anwar
- Postharvest Research and Training Centre, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Tarek A. Shalaby
- Al Bilad Bank Scholarly Chair for Food Security in Saudi Arabia, The Deanship of Scientific Research, The Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.A.R.); (T.A.S.); (A.A.R.); (S.M.E.-G.)
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Adel A. Rezk
- Al Bilad Bank Scholarly Chair for Food Security in Saudi Arabia, The Deanship of Scientific Research, The Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.A.R.); (T.A.S.); (A.A.R.); (S.M.E.-G.)
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Sherif Mohamed El-Ganainy
- Al Bilad Bank Scholarly Chair for Food Security in Saudi Arabia, The Deanship of Scientific Research, The Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.A.R.); (T.A.S.); (A.A.R.); (S.M.E.-G.)
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Vegetable Diseases Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Samy F. Mahmoud
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (S.F.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohamed Alkafafy
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (S.F.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohamed M. El-Mogy
- Vegetable Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.S.E.-B.); (M.M.E.-M.)
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Ortega-Hernández E, Antunes-Ricardo M, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Selenium, Sulfur, and Methyl Jasmonate Treatments Improve the Accumulation of Lutein and Glucosinolates in Kale Sprouts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11091271. [PMID: 35567272 PMCID: PMC9100039 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Kale sprouts contain health-promoting compounds that could be increased by applying plant nutrients or exogenous phytohormones during pre-harvest. The effects of selenium (Se), sulfur (S), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on lutein, glucosinolate, and phenolic accumulation were assessed in kale sprouts. Red Russian and Dwarf Green kale were chamber-grown using different treatment concentrations of Se (10, 20, 40 mg/L), S (30, 60, 120 mg/L), and MeJA (25, 50, 100 µM). Sprouts were harvested every 24 h for 7 days to identify and quantify phytochemicals. The highest lutein accumulation occurred 7 days after S 120 mg/L (178%) and Se 40 mg/L (199%) treatments in Red Russian and Dwarf Green kale sprouts, respectively. MeJA treatment decreased the level of most phenolic levels, except for kaempferol and quercetin, where increases were higher than 70% for both varieties when treated with MeJA 25 µM. The most effective treatment for glucosinolate accumulation was S 120 mg/L in the Red Russian kale variety at 7 days of germination, increasing glucoraphanin (262.4%), glucoerucin (510.8%), 4-methoxy-glucobrassicin (430.7%), and glucoiberin (1150%). Results show that kales treated with Se, S, and MeJA could be used as a functional food for fresh consumption or as raw materials for different industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ortega-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L., Mexico;
| | - Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L., Mexico;
| | - Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Jal, Mexico
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He W, Luo H, Xu H, Zhou Z, Li D, Bao Y, Fu Q, Song J, Jiao Y, Zhang Z. Effect of exogenous methyl jasmonate on physiological and carotenoid composition of yellow maize sprouts under NaCl stress. Food Chem 2021; 361:130177. [PMID: 34077883 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid content in maize sprouts can be increased by NaCl stress, although high NaCl concentrations negatively impact plant growth. The effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on contents of carotenoid and antioxidant capacity of yellow maize sprouts under NaCl stress were investigated. Our results showed that treatments of NaCl both alone and combined with MeJA enhanced the carotenoid accumulation in maize sprouts. Moreover, the carotenoid biosynthesis related genes showed different expression patterns under addition of MeJA treatment. Additionally, the combined treatment led to significantly higher content of most carotenoids profiles and the addition of MeJA could alleviate the harmful effect caused by NaCl stress. Furthermore, the combined treatment improved antioxidant enzyme activities and radical scavenging capacity. The results implied that MeJA is kind of effective plant growth regulator for enhancing carotenoid accumulation in maize sprouts by up-regulating the expression levels of key genes involved in carotenoid biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei He
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hao Luo
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhou
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Dajing Li
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China.
| | - Yihong Bao
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Qun Fu
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Jiangfeng Song
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China.
| | - Yan Jiao
- Xinghua Dongao Food Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225700, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
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Jiang M, Zhang F, Yuan Q, Lin P, Zheng H, Liang S, Jian Y, Miao H, Li H, Wang Q, Sun B. Characterization of BoaCRTISO Reveals Its Role in Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Chinese Kale. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:662684. [PMID: 34054903 PMCID: PMC8160315 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.662684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are organic pigments that play an important role in both plant coloration and human health; they are a critical subject in molecular breeding due to growing demand for natural molecules in both food and medicine. In this study, we focus upon characterizing BoaCRTISO, the carotenoid isomerase gene before the branch of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, which is expressed in all organs and developmental stages of Chinese kale, and BoaCRTISO, which is located in the chloroplast. The expression of BoaCRTISO is induced by strong light, red and blue combined light, and gibberellic acid treatment, but it is suppressed by darkness and abscisic acid treatment. We obtained BoaCRTISO-silenced plants via virus-induced gene silencing technology, and the silence efficiencies ranged from 52 to 77%. The expressions of most carotenoid and chlorophyll biosynthetic genes in BoaCRTISO-silenced plants were downregulated, and the contents of carotenoids and chlorophyll were reduced. Meanwhile, BoaCRTISO-silenced plants exhibited phenotypes of yellowing leaves and inhibited growth. This functional characterization of BoaCRTISO provides insight for the biosynthesis and regulation of carotenoid in Chinese kale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peixing Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sha Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Jian
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiying Miao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiaomei Wang,
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Bo Sun,
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Short-Term Root-Zone Temperature Treatment Enhanced the Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites of Hydroponic Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Grown in a Plant Factory. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10030413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The demand for high-nutrient and fresh vegetables, including coriander, has been growing rapidly. A plant factory with artificial lighting enables the application or suppression of stress conditions to plants for producing high-quality vegetables. This study aimed to determine a suitable root-zone temperature (RZT) treatment for enhancing the biomass and secondary metabolite content of hydroponic coriander plants. The combination of a mid-RZT (25 °C) pre-treatment with low (15 °C or 20 °C) or high (30 °C or 35 °C) RZT for a short period (3 or 6 days) was applied to the plants before harvesting. The fresh weights of the coriander plants were reduced under RZT stress. By contrast, the content of secondary metabolites, including ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid, and the antioxidant capacity of the plants were enhanced by the combination of the lowest or highest RZT (15 °C or 35 °C) and the longer stress period (6 days). Growing coriander under an RZT of 30 °C for 6 days can produce large amounts of bioactive compounds and water, whereas growing coriander at an RZT of 15 °C for 6 days can produce high dry biomass and secondary metabolite content.
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Optimization of Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density and Root-zone Temperature for Enhancing Secondary Metabolite Accumulation and Production of Coriander in Plant Factory. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9050224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coriander is an important aromatic plant, and contains abundant secondary metabolites that are considered to be beneficial for health. The demand for high-quality and fresh coriander in large cities has been growing rapidly. Plant factories are advanced indoor cultivation systems that can produce high-quality plants inside cities with a high productivity. This study aimed to maximize plant growth and the secondary metabolites production of coriander, by regulating photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and root-zone temperature (RZT). Three PPFDs (100, 200, and 300 µmol m−2 s−1) and three RZTs (20, 25, and 30 °C) were applied on coriander plants grown hydroponically in a plant factory. The plant biomass and water content of leaf and stem were highest under RZT of 25 °C with a PPFD of 300 µmol m−2 s−1. However, chlorogenic acid, rutin, trans-2-decenal, total phenolic concentrations and the antioxidant capacity of the coriander plant were greatest under the combination of PPFD (300 µmol m−2 s−1) and RZT (30 °C). Chlorogenic acid in leaves responded more sensitively to PPFD and RZT than rutin. Controlling PPFD and RZT is effective in optimizing the yield and quality of coriander plants. The findings are expected to be applied to commercial plant production in plant factories.
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Divya P, Puthusseri B, Savanur MA, Lokesh V, Neelwarne B. Effects of methyl jasmonate and carotenogenic inhibitors on gene expression and carotenoid accumulation in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) foliage. Food Res Int 2018; 111:11-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Saini RK, Keum YS. Significance of Genetic, Environmental, and Pre- and Postharvest Factors Affecting Carotenoid Contents in Crops: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5310-5324. [PMID: 29745660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are a diverse group of tetraterpenoid pigments that play indispensable roles in plants and animals. The biosynthesis of carotenoids in plants is strictly regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in accordance with inherited genetic signals and developmental requirements and in response to external environmental stimulants. The alteration in the biosynthesis of carotenoids under the influence of external environmental stimulants, such as high light, drought, salinity, and chilling stresses, has been shown to significantly influence the nutritional value of crop plants. In addition to these stimulants, several pre- and postharvesting cultivation practices significantly influence carotenoid compositions and contents. Thus, this review discusses how various environmental stimulants and pre- and postharvesting factors can be positively modulated for the enhanced biosynthesis and accumulation of carotenoids in the edible parts of crop plants, such as the leaves, roots, tubers, flowers, fruit, and seeds. In addition, future research directions in this context are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
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Pedro HG, Ana CAUP. Growth promotion and elicitor activity of salicylic acid in Achillea millefolium L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2016.15320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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