1
|
Giebelhaus RT, Erland LA, Murch SJ. HormonomicsDB: a novel workflow for the untargeted analysis of plant growth regulators and hormones. F1000Res 2024; 11:1191. [PMID: 39221023 PMCID: PMC11364965 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.124194.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolomics is the simultaneous determination of all metabolites in a system. Despite significant advances in the field, compound identification remains a challenge. Prior knowledge of the compound classes of interest can improve metabolite identification. Hormones are a small signaling molecules, which function in coordination to direct all aspects of development, function and reproduction in living systems and which also pose challenges as environmental contaminants. Hormones are inherently present at low levels in tissues, stored in many forms and mobilized rapidly in response to a stimulus making them difficult to measure, identify and quantify. Methods An in-depth literature review was performed for known hormones, their precursors, metabolites and conjugates in plants to generate the database and an RShiny App developed to enable web-based searches against the database. An accompanying liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS) protocol was developed with retention time prediction in Retip. A meta-analysis of 14 plant metabolomics studies was used for validation. Results We developed HormonomicsDB, a tool which can be used to query an untargeted mass spectrometry (MS) dataset against a database of more than 200 known hormones, their precursors and metabolites. The protocol encompasses sample preparation, analysis, data processing and hormone annotation and is designed to minimize degradation of labile hormones. The plant system is used a model to illustrate the workflow and data acquisition and interpretation. Analytical conditions were standardized to a 30 min analysis time using a common solvent system to allow for easy transfer by a researcher with basic knowledge of MS. Incorporation of synthetic biotransformations enables prediction of novel metabolites. Conclusions HormonomicsDB is suitable for use on any LC-MS based system with compatible column and buffer system, enables the characterization of the known hormonome across a diversity of samples, and hypothesis generation to reveal knew insights into hormone signaling networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryland T. Giebelhaus
- Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V1V7, Canada
| | - Lauren A.E. Erland
- Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V1V7, Canada
- Agriculture, University of the Fraser Valley, Chilliwack, British Columbia, V2R 0N3, Canada
| | - Susan J. Murch
- Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V1V7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shalaby AS, Eid HH, El-Shiekh RA, Mohamed OG, Tripathi A, Al-Karmalawy AA, Sleem AA, Morsy FA, Ibrahim KM, Tadros SH, Youssef FS. Taming Food-Drug Interaction Risk: Potential Inhibitory Effects of Citrus Juices on Cytochrome Liver Enzymes Can Safeguard the Liver from Overdose Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26444-26457. [PMID: 37521669 PMCID: PMC10373174 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Paracetamol overdose is the leading cause of drug-induced hepatotoxicity worldwide. Because of N-acetyl cysteine's limited therapeutic efficacy and safety, searching for alternative therapeutic substitutes is necessary. This study investigated four citrus juices: Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck var. Pineapple (pineapple sweet orange), Citrus reticulata Blanco × Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck (Murcott mandarin), Citrus paradisi Macfadyen var. Ruby Red (red grapefruit), and Fortunella margarita Swingle (oval kumquat) to improve the herbal therapy against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS profiling of the investigated samples resulted in the identification of about 40 metabolites belonging to different phytochemical classes. Phenolic compounds were the most abundant, with the total content ranked from 609.18 to 1093.26 μg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mL juice. The multivariate data analysis revealed that phloretin 3',5'-di-C-glucoside, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, 2-O-rhamnosyl-swertisin, fortunellin (acacetin-7-O-neohesperidoside), sinensetin, nobiletin, and tangeretin represented the crucial discriminatory metabolites that segregated the analyzed samples. Nevertheless, the antioxidant activity of the samples was 1135.91-2913.92 μM Trolox eq/mL juice, 718.95-3749.47 μM Trolox eq/mL juice, and 2304.74-4390.32 μM Trolox eq/mL juice, as revealed from 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity, respectively. The in vivo paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity model in rats was established and assessed by measuring the levels of hepatic enzymes and antioxidant biomarkers. Interestingly, the concomitant administration of citrus juices with a toxic dose of paracetamol effectively recovered the liver injury, as confirmed by normal sections of hepatocytes. This action could be due to the interactions between the major identified metabolites (hesperidin, hesperetin, phloretin 3',5'-di-C-glucoside, fortunellin, poncirin, nobiletin, apigenin-6,8-digalactoside, 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin, naringenin, and naringin) and cytochrome P450 isoforms (CYP3A4, CYP2E1, and CYP1A2), as revealed from the molecular docking study. The most promising compounds in the three docking processes were hesperidin, fortunellin, poncirin, and naringin. Finally, a desirable food-drug interaction was achieved in our research to overcome paracetamol overdose-induced hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya S. Shalaby
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H. Eid
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Riham A. El-Shiekh
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Osama G. Mohamed
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Natural
Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ashootosh Tripathi
- Natural
Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Amany A. Sleem
- Pharmacology
Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Fatma Adly Morsy
- Pathology
Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Ibrahim
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Soad H. Tadros
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Fadia S. Youssef
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams
University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jeszka-Skowron M, Frankowski R, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A, Płatkiewicz J. Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites in Brews Prepared from Naturally and Technologically Treated Coffee Beans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010095. [PMID: 36670958 PMCID: PMC9855040 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world. Therefore, this study analyzed 49 coffee samples of Arabica and Robusta species of different geographical origins and the treatment of beans including three degrees of roasting with the use of LC-MS/MS. This is the first study to present a comprehensive analysis of Kopi Luwak coffee brew metabolites in comparison to fully washed coffees and the drying post-harvest treatment of Arabica or Robusta coffee brews. Kopi Luwak showed higher levels of caffeine and theophylline in comparison to the analyzed washed and unwashed Arabica coffees, as well as a different proportion of caffeoylquinic isomers. There was no difference between Kopi Luwak and other Arabica coffees in terms of the concentration of vitamin B3, amines, and phenolic acids. This was confirmed in PCA. The steaming and roasting of beans as well as the addition of black beans influence the concentration of 4-CQA and the nicotinic, ferulic, and quinic acids content.
Collapse
|
4
|
From Plantation to Cup: Changes in Bioactive Compounds during Coffee Processing. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112827. [PMID: 34829108 PMCID: PMC8620865 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee is consumed not just for its flavor, but also for its health advantages. The quality of coffee beverages is affected by a number of elements and a series of processes, including: the environment, cultivation, post-harvest, fermentation, storage, roasting, and brewing to produce a cup of coffee. The chemical components of coffee beans alter throughout this procedure. The purpose of this article is to present information about changes in chemical components and bioactive compounds in coffee during preharvest and postharvest. The selection of the appropriate cherry maturity level is the first step in the coffee manufacturing process. The coffee cherry has specific flavor-precursor components and other chemical components that become raw materials in the fermentation process. During the fermentation process, there are not many changes in the phenolic or other bioactive components of coffee. Metabolites fermented by microbes diffuse into the seeds, which improves their quality. A germination process occurs during wet processing, which increases the quantity of amino acids, while the dry process induces an increase in non-protein amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the roasting process, there is a change in the aroma precursors from the phenolic compounds, especially chlorogenic acid, amino acids, and sugars found in coffee beans, to produce a distinctive coffee taste.
Collapse
|
5
|
Negri S, Commisso M, Avesani L, Guzzo F. The case of tryptamine and serotonin in plants: a mysterious precursor for an illustrious metabolite. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5336-5355. [PMID: 34009335 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Indolamines are tryptophan-derived specialized metabolites belonging to the huge and ubiquitous indole alkaloids group. Serotonin and melatonin are the best-characterized members of this family, given their many hormonal and physiological roles in animals. Following their discovery in plants, the study of plant indolamines has flourished and their involvement in important processes, including stress responses, growth and development, and reproduction, has been proposed, leading to their classification as a new category of phytohormones. However, the complex indolamine puzzle is far from resolved, particularly the biological roles of tryptamine, the early serotonin precursor representing the central hub of many downstream indole alkaloids. Tryptophan decarboxylase, which catalyzes the synthesis of tryptamine, strictly regulates the flux of carbon and nitrogen from the tryptophan pool into the indolamine pathway. Furthermore, tryptamine accumulates to high levels in the reproductive organs of many plant species and therefore cannot be classed as a mere intermediate but rather as an end product with potentially important functions in fruits and seeds. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of tryptamine and its close relative serotonin, emphasizing the need for a clear understanding of the functions of, and mutual relations between, these indolamines and their biosynthesis pathways in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Negri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Commisso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy
| | - Linda Avesani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy
| | - Flavia Guzzo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Back K. Melatonin metabolism, signaling and possible roles in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:376-391. [PMID: 32645752 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional biomolecule found in both animals and plants. In this review, the biosynthesis, levels, signaling, and possible roles of melatonin and its metabolites in plants is summarized. Tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H), which catalyzes the conversion of tryptamine into serotonin, has been proposed as a target to create a melatonin knockout mutant presenting a lesion-mimic phenotype in rice. With a reduced anabolic capacity for melatonin biosynthesis and an increased catabolic capacity for melatonin metabolism, all plants generally maintain low melatonin levels. Some plants, including Arabidopsis and Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), do not possess tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), the first committed step enzyme required for melatonin biosynthesis. Major melatonin metabolites include cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (3-OHM) and 2-hydroxymelatonin (2-OHM). Other melatonin metabolites such as N1 -acetyl-N2 -formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK), N-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK) and 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT) are also produced when melatonin is applied to Oryza sativa (rice). The signaling pathways of melatonin and its metabolites act via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, possibly with Cand2 acting as a melatonin receptor, although the integrity of Cand2 remains controversial. Melatonin mediates many important functions in growth stimulation and stress tolerance through its potent antioxidant activity and function in activating the MAPK cascade. The concentration distribution of melatonin metabolites appears to be species specific because corresponding enzymes such as M2H, M3H, catalases, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and N-acetylserotonin deacetylase (ASDAC) are differentially expressed among plant species and even among different tissues within species. Differential levels of melatonin and its metabolites can lead to differential physiological effects among plants when melatonin is either applied exogenously or overproduced through ectopic overexpression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungwhan Back
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Servillo L, D'Onofrio N, Giovane A, Casale R, Cautela D, Castaldo D, Iannaccone F, Neglia G, Campanile G, Balestrieri ML. Ruminant meat and milk contain δ-valerobetaine, another precursor of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) like γ-butyrobetaine. Food Chem 2018; 260:193-199. [PMID: 29699662 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds containing N-trimethylamino moiety, such as choline derivatives and carnitine, abundant in meat and dairy products, are metabolic precursors of trimethylamine (TMA). A similar fate is reported for Nε-trimethyllysine and γ-butyrobetaine. With the aim at investigating the metabolic profile of such metabolites in most employed animal dietary sources, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses on ruminant and non-ruminant milk and meat were performed. Results demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of δ-valerobetaine, occurring at levels higher than γ-butyrobetaine in all ruminant samples compared to non-ruminants. Demonstration of δ-valerobetaine metabolic origin, surprisingly, showed that it originates from rumen through the transformation of dietary Nε-trimethyllysine. These results highlight our previous findings showing the ubiquity of free Nε-trimethyllysine in vegetable kingdom. Furthermore, δ-valerobetaine, similarly to γ-butyrobetaine, can be degraded by host gut microbiota producing TMA, precursor of the proatherogenic trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), unveiling its possible role in the biosynthetic route of TMAO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Servillo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso Giovane
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosario Casale
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Domenico Cautela
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei derivati dagli Agrumi, Azienda Speciale della Camera di Commercio di Reggio Calabria, Via Generale Tommasini 2, 89127 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Domenico Castaldo
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei derivati dagli Agrumi, Azienda Speciale della Camera di Commercio di Reggio Calabria, Via Generale Tommasini 2, 89127 Reggio Calabria, Italy; Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico, Via Molise 2, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e ProdALscarl, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo 1, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Iannaccone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianluca Neglia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|