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Elmahallawy EK, Ali FAZ, Raya-Álvarez E, Fehaid A, Abd El-Razik KA, El Fadaly HAM, El-Khadragy MF, Sayed ASM, Soror AH, Alhegaili AS, Saleh AA, Alkhaldi AAM, Madboli AENA, Agil A, Barakat AM. Ameliorative effects of propolis and wheat germ oil on acute toxoplasmosis in experimentally infected mice are associated with reduction in parasite burden and restoration of histopathological changes in the brain, uterus, and kidney. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1357947. [PMID: 38496314 PMCID: PMC10940321 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1357947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis continues to be a prevalent parasitic zoonosis with a global distribution. This disease is caused by an intracellular parasite known as Toxoplasma gondii, and the development of effective novel drug targets to combat it is imperative. There is limited information available on the potential advantages of wheat germ oil (WGO) and propolis, both individually and in combination, against the acute phase of toxoplasmosis. In this study, acute toxoplasmosis was induced in Swiss albino mice, followed by the treatment of infected animals with WGO and propolis, either separately or in combination. After 10 days of experimental infection and treatment, mice from all groups were sacrificed, and their brains, uteri, and kidneys were excised for histopathological assessment. Additionally, the average parasite load in the brain was determined through parasitological assessment, and quantification of the parasite was performed using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction targeting gene amplification. Remarkably, the study found that treating infected animals with wheat germ oil and propolis significantly reduced the parasite load compared to the control group that was infected but not treated. Moreover, the group treated with a combination of wheat germ oil and propolis exhibited a markedly greater reduction in parasitic load compared to the other groups. Similarly, the combination treatment effectively restored the histopathological changes observed in the brain, uterus, and kidney, and the scoring of these reported lesions confirmed these findings. In summary, the present results reveal intriguing insights into the potential therapeutic benefits of wheat germ oil and propolis in the treatment of acute toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Enrique Raya-Álvarez
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Av. de la Investigación s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Alaa Fehaid
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khaled A. Abd El-Razik
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Manal F. El-Khadragy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal S. M. Sayed
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Ashraf H. Soror
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alaa S. Alhegaili
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira A. Saleh
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Abd El-Nasser A. Madboli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Agil
- Department of Pharmacology, Biohealth Institute Granada (IBs Granada) and Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Cui Y, Yao Y, Yang R, Wang Y, Liang J, Ouyang S, Yu S, Zou H, Yan Y. Detection of Mildewed Nutmeg Internal Quality during Storage Using an Electronic Nose Combined with Chemical Profile Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:6051. [PMID: 37630302 PMCID: PMC10457796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Internal mildewed nutmeg is difficult to perceive without cutting the nutmeg open and examining it carefully, which poses a significant risk to public health. At present, macroscopic identification and chromatographic analysis are applied to determine whether nutmeg is moldy or not. However, the former relies on a human panel, with the disadvantages of subjectivity and empirical dependence, whilst the latter is generally time-consuming and requires organic solvents. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a rapid and feasible approach for evaluating the quality and predicting mildew in nutmeg. In this study, the quality and odor characteristics of five groups of nutmeg samples with different degrees of mildew were analyzed by using the responses of an electronic nose combined with chemical profiling. The main physicochemical indicators, such as the levels of α-pinene, β-pinene, elemicin, and dehydro-di-isoeugenol, were determined. The results revealed that the contents of α-pinene, β-pinene, and elemicin changed significantly with the extension of storage time. Through the use of an electronic nose and HS-GC-MS technology to assess the overall odor characteristics of nutmeg samples, it was found that the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as ammonia/organic amines, carbon monoxide, ethanol, and hydrogen sulfide, as well as changes in the terpene and phenylpropene components of the nutmeg itself, may be the material basis for the changes in odor. The accuracy of the qualitative classification model for the degree of mildew in nutmeg was higher than 90% according to the electronic nose data combined with different machine learning algorithms. Quantitative models were established for predicting the contents of the chemical components, and models based on a BP neural network (BPNN), the support vector machine (SVM), and the random forest algorithm (RF) all showed good performance in predicting the concentrations of these chemical components, except for dehydro-di-isoeugenol. The BPNN performed effectively in predicting the storage time of nutmeg on the basis of the E-nose's responses, with an RMSE and R2 of 0.268 and 0.996 for the training set, and 0.317 and 0.993 for the testing set, respectively. The results demonstrated that the responses of the electronic nose (E-nose) had a high correlation with the internal quality of nutmeg. This work proposes a quick and non-destructive evaluation method for the quality of nutmeg, which has high accuracy in discriminating between different degrees of mold in nutmeg and is conducive to early detection and warning of moldy phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huiqin Zou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yonghong Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
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3
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Barakat AM, El-Razik KAA, El Fadaly HAM, Saleh WM, Ali FAZ, Gouda AA, Sadek SAS, Dahran N, El-khadragy MF, Elmahallawy EK. Parasitological, Molecular, and Histopathological Investigation of the Potential Activity of Propolis and Wheat Germ Oil against Acute Toxoplasmosis in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020478. [PMID: 36839800 PMCID: PMC9967381 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic zoonoses that affects all vertebrates. The drugs most commonly used against toxoplasmosis have many side effects, making the development of new antiparasitic drugs a big challenge. The present study evaluated the therapeutic effectiveness of novel herbal treatments, including propolis and wheat germ oil (WGO), against acute toxoplasmosis. A total of 50 albino mice were divided into five groups: group 1 (G1) (non-infected and non-treated); group 2 (G2) (infected without treatment); group 3 (G3) (treated with propolis); group 4 (G4) (treated with WGO); group 5 (G5) (treated with a combination of propolis and WGO). The effects of the herbal substances on different organs, mainly liver, spleen, and lungs, were investigated using parasitological, molecular, and histopathological examinations. The results of parasitological examination demonstrated statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences in the parasitic load between treated groups (G3, G4, and G5) compared to the control positive group (G2). These differences were represented by a significant reduction in the parasite load in stained tissue smears from the liver obtained from the animals treated with propolis (G3) compared to the parasite load in the positive control group. Similarly, animals (G4) treated with WGO exhibited a significant reduction in the parasite load versus the positive control group, while the lowest parasite load was found in G5, treated with propolis and WGO. Quantification of the parasite burden through molecular methods (PCR) revealed similar findings represented by reduction in the parasite burden in all treated groups with WGO and propolis as compared to the control group. Importantly, these previous parasitological and molecular findings were accompanied by a marked improvement in the histopathological picture of the liver, spleen, and lungs. In conclusion, propolis and WGO showed a good combination of therapeutic efficacy against acute toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Mohamed Barakat
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Khaled A. Abd El-Razik
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza 12556, Egypt
| | | | - Walaa M. Saleh
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Aboelabbas Gouda
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Sabry A. S. Sadek
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Naief Dahran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal F. El-khadragy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Baky MH, Shamma SN, Khalifa MR, Farag MA. How Does Allium Leafy Parts Metabolome Differ in Context to Edible or Inedible Taxa? Case Study in Seven Allium Species as Analyzed Using MS-Based Metabolomics. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010018. [PMID: 36676943 PMCID: PMC9866920 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genus Allium (F. Amaryllidaceae) includes a wide variety of edible foods widely consumed for their nutritive as well as health benefits. Seven Allium species, viz., chives, Egyptian leek, French leek, red garlic, white garlic, red onion, and white onion aerial parts were assessed for metabolome heterogeneity targeting both aroma and nutrients phytochemicals. A headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed. Results revealed extensive variation in volatiles and nutrients profile among the seven Allium species represented by a total of 77 nutrients and 148 volatiles. Among edible Allium species, French leek encompassed high levels of nutrients, viz., sugars, fatty acids/esters, organic acids, and amino acids, compared to Egyptian leek. Sulfur aroma compounds appeared as the most discriminatory among Allium, taxa accounting for its distinct flavor. Furthermore, chemometric analysis of both datasets showed clear discrimination of the seven Allium species according to several key novel markers. This study provides the first comparative approach between edible and inedible aerial leafy parts of Allium species providing novel insight into their use as functional foods based on such holistic profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa H. Baky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Samir N. Shamma
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Khalifa
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Novel insights on the potential activity of propolis and wheat germ oil against chronic toxoplasmosis in experimentally infected mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Barakat AM, Fadaly HAME, Gareh A, Abd El-Razik KA, Ali FAZ, Saleh AA, Sadek SAS, Dahran N, El-Gendy AENG, El-Khadragy MF, Elmahallawy EK. Wheat Germ Oil and Propolis Decrease Parasite Burden and Restore Marked Histopathological Changes in Liver and Lung in Mice with Chronic Toxoplasmosis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223069. [PMID: 36428297 PMCID: PMC9686545 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution. Its effects can be critical in immunocompromised patients. However, there is a limited availability of effective, low-toxicity drugs against this disease, particularly in its chronic form. The present study evaluated the effect of propolis and wheat germ oil (WGO) as safe, natural products to reduce Toxoplasma cysts in experimentally infected mice. For the experiment, five groups (10 mice per group) were examined: Group 1: negative control (noninfected, nontreated); Group 2: positive control (infected, nontreated); Group 3: infected and treated with WGO at a dose of 0.2 mg/1.5 mL per kg body weight/day; Group 4: infected and treated with 0.1 mL propolis extract/day; and Group 5: infected and treated with a combination of WGO and propolis at the same doses as Group 3 and 4. After the mice were sacrificed, liver and lung specimens underwent histopathological examination, and the parasite burden was investigated by parasitological methods and quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Notably, the results showed a substantial decrease in parasitic burden in Group 5 compared to the control group. These results were further confirmed by molecular analysis and quantification of the DNA concentration of the Toxoplasma P29 gene after treatment in all tested samples. Furthermore, the combination of propolis and WGO restored all histopathological changes in the liver and lungs. Taken together, these findings provide remarkably promising evidence of the effects of the combination of WGO and propolis against chronic toxoplasmosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Mohamed Barakat
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Gareh
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 24101, Egypt
| | - Khaled A. Abd El-Razik
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Amira A. Saleh
- Department of Human Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sabry A. S. Sadek
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Naief Dahran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd El-Nasser G. El-Gendy
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Manal F. El-Khadragy
- Department of biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Rivera-Pérez A, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A. Fingerprinting based on gas chromatography-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry and chemometrics to reveal geographical origin, processing, and volatile markers for thyme authentication. Food Chem 2022; 393:133377. [PMID: 35691070 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyme is an aromatic herb traditionally used for food purposes due to its organoleptic characteristics and medicinal properties, which is highly susceptible to food fraud. In this study, GC-HRMS-based fingerprinting was applied for the first time to determine the geographical traceability of thyme based on different origins (Spain, Poland, and Morocco), as well as to assess its processing by comparing sterilized vs. non-sterilized thyme. Unsupervised chemometric methods (PCA and HCA) revealed a predominant influence of the geographical origin on thyme fingerprints rather than processing effects. Supervised PLS-DA and OPLS-DA were used for discrimination purposes, revealing high predictive ability for further samples (100%), and allowing the identification of differential compounds (markers). A total of 24 markers were putatively identified (13 metabolites were confirmed) belonging to different classes: monoterpenoids, diterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, alkenylbenzenes, and other miscellaneous compounds. This study outlines the potential of combining untargeted analysis by GC-HRMS with chemometrics for thyme authenticity and traceability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Rivera-Pérez
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agrifood Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almeria, Spain.
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agrifood Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almeria, Spain.
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agrifood Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almeria, Spain.
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8
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El‐Shamy S, Farag MA. Volatiles profiling in heated cheese as analyzed using headspace solid‐phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. EFOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sherine El‐Shamy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Modern University for Technology & Information Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University Cairo Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt
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9
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Rahman N, Mahmood K, Kamilah H, Sulaiman S, Ibrahim M, Ariffin F. Effects of blanching and pickling process on the alcohol acyltransferase (AAT) activity, myristicin content and quality parameters of pickled nutmeg ( Myristica fragrans). JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:542-551. [PMID: 35153307 PMCID: PMC8814112 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Myristicin, a potential toxicant, is a major ester present in the pericarp of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) and alcohol acyltransferase (AAT) is responsible for its generation. The objective of the study was firstly to estimate the effect of blanching and pickling process on the inactivation of AAT and production of myristicin in nutmeg pericarp. Secondly, the effect of pickling process on the physical, microbial, antioxidant and sensory properties of nutmeg was evaluated. The nutmeg fruit pericarp was water-blanched for 0, 3, 5, 7 and 9 min. The increased blanching time significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the AAT activity (3.478 U/mg protein) compared to fresh nutmeg (39.034 U/mg protein). The reduction of myristicin was so efficient that it could not be detected after 9 min of blanching. Similarly, the pickling process significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the AAT activity and lowered the myristicin content. However, the blanching significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the total phenol content and reduced the free radical scavenging capacity of pickled nutmeg (BP) when compared with commercial pickled nutmeg. Blanched pickled nutmeg (BP) presented the same color characteristics as of commercial one, although significant reduction in hardness was observed. No growth of yeast and mold was noticed for all the blanched pickled nutmeg. The sensory analysis data demonstrated that blanching up to 7 min maintained the overall acceptability of pickled nutmeg as of commercial pickled nutmeg. Thus, the study suggests that blanching and pickling treatment improved the quality of nutmeg effectively by inhibiting the AAT activity and reducing the myristicin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurain Rahman
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang Malaysia
| | - Kaiser Mahmood
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang Malaysia
| | - Hanisah Kamilah
- Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Nyabau Road, P.O Box 396, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Syazana Sulaiman
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
| | - Fazilah Ariffin
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang Malaysia
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10
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Hou L, Chen L, Song P, Zhang Y, Wang X. Comparative assessment of the effect of pretreatment with microwave and roast heating on the quality of black sesame pastes. J Food Sci 2021; 86:5353-5374. [PMID: 34888858 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Heating is a key procedure in producing sesame paste. The effects of microwave heating and conventional roasting on the physicochemical features, protein profiles, and volatile compounds of black sesame pastes made of black sesame seeds from Burma and China were evaluated in this study. All heating treatments decreased the moisture contents of black sesame pastes, and roasting yielded lower moisture levels, although with similar chroma (p < 0.05). The samples subjected to microwave heating had remarkably lower peroxide values than those heated with roasting (p < 0.05). Chinese microwave-heated samples had a higher nitrogen solubility index than roasting (p < 0.05). Both microwave and roasting increased the contents of the volatiles notably. SDS-PAGE showed that the intensity of the 2-15 kDa band decreased markedly after heating and nearly diminished for roasting samples, suggesting that roasting was more remarkable for the promotion to the protein aggregation. The results indicated that the quality traits of black sesame paste not only depend on the heating methods, but also the heating power/temperature and duration, and the source of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liyan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pinqing Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yujin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuede Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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Srinivas Y, Mathew SM, Kothakota A, Sagarika N, Pandiselvam R. Microwave assisted fluidized bed drying of nutmeg mace for essential oil enriched extracts: An assessment of drying kinetics, process optimization and quality. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Taxonomic Implication of Integrated Chemical, Morphological, and Anatomical Attributes of Leaves of Eight Apocynaceae Taxa. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12090334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Up to now, the taxonomic conflict of the Apocynaceae family has attracted the attention of scientists and researchers worldwide. Recently, this family was divided into five subfamilies. The present study aims to investigate the implication of interlacing macro-, micro-morphological, anatomical, and chemical characteristics of the leaves of eight Apocynaceae plants (Adenium obesum, Dipladenia boliviensis, Carissacarandas, Nerium oleander, Asclepias curassavica, Calotropisprocera, Acokanthera oblongifolia, and Thevetia neriifolia), and to provide valuable taxonomic differentiation of these species. The macro-morphological investigation includes shape, apex, base, and venation of leaves, while the micro-morphological study includes leaf epidermal cells, stomata, and trichomes. The anatomical features of the leaf blade were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additionally, the chemical composition of the silylated methanolic extract was analyzed by Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Sixty-three compounds were characterized from the silylated extracts of the eight plants, where quinic acid, sucrose, D-pinitol, and D-(−)-fructopyranose were determined as major compounds. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on the chemical composition revealed a significant chemical correlation among all species with the presence of sugars and amino acids, as well as phenolic acids and iridoid glycosides. The cluster analysis, based on all merged characters, showed that the eight species can be categorized into three clusters. The first cluster comprises A.obesum, A. curassavica, and T. neriifolia, while the second cluster contains D. boliviensis, N. oleander, A. oblongifolia, and C. carandas, and the third cluster consists of C. procera alone. This cluster revealed some similarities to the recent classification of Apocynaceae, while it showed inconsistency regarding A.obesum, C. procera, and N. oleander. Due to the obtained inconsistent data and observed variation among the studied species, further study is recommended for more characterization of these species, based on additional parameters, including molecular characteristics, particularly A.obesum, C. procera, and N. oleander.
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In Vitro Antigenotoxic, Antihelminthic and Antioxidant Potentials Based on the Extracted Metabolites from Lichen, Candelariella vitellina. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050477. [PMID: 32456266 PMCID: PMC7285106 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichens have recently received great attention due to their pharmacological potentials. The antigenotoxic potential of C. vitellina extract (25 and 50 µg/mL) was assessed in normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) against Mitomycin C (MMC) co-treatments. Flow cytometric analyses of cell cycle distribution, as well as apoptosis (Annexin V/PI), revealed that the extract had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) ameliorated the MMC toxicity by reducing the apoptotic cells and normalized the cell cycle phases. C. vitellina exhibited antigenotoxicity by ameliorating the diminished mitotic index and DNA single-strand breaks caused by MMC. Herein, the hydromethanolic extract (80%) of Candelariella vitellina (Japan) lichen, exhibited very low cytotoxicity towards normal human peripheral lymphocytes (HPBL) with IC50 >1000 µg/mL. In order to explore the antihelminthic effect, Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces were used in vitro. Eosin staining revealed significant (p ≤ 0.05) dose and time-dependent scolicidal effects of the extract confirmed by degenerative alterations as observed by electron scan microscopy. Furthermore, primary and secondary metabolites were investigated using GC-MS and qualitative HPLC, revealing the presence of sugars, alcohols, different phenolic acids and light flavonoids. Significant antioxidant capacities were also demonstrated by DPPH radical-scavenging assay. In conclusion, the promising antigenotoxic, antihelminthic and antioxidant potentials of C. vitellina extract encourage further studies to evaluate its possible therapeutic potency.
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From morphological traits to the food fingerprint of Tropaeolum tuberosum through metabolomics by NMR. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kharbach M, Marmouzi I, El Jemli M, Bouklouze A, Vander Heyden Y. Recent advances in untargeted and targeted approaches applied in herbal-extracts and essential-oils fingerprinting - A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 177:112849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Osman SM, Abdel-Megied AM, Zain Eldain MH, Haleema S, Gopinath C, Sumalekshmy SA, Aboul-Enein HY. A highly sensitive GC-MS method for simultaneous determination of anacardic acids in cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nut shell oil in the presence of other phenolic lipid derivatives. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4659. [PMID: 31325174 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The commercial value of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) has become a cornerstone of the agrowaste industry. It is the by-product of the cashew industry and has an 1/8 inch thickness of soft honeycomb structure. CNSL contains phenolic lipids with aliphatic chains such as anacardic acid, cardanol, cardol and methyl cardol, and their derivatives. The developed GC-MS method is rapid, accurate and selective using a selected derivatizing reagent, namely N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide that was previously diluted 1:1% with anhydrous pyridine. The proposed GC-MS method was applied for the analysis of different CNSL samples. The results showed that all classes of CNSL compounds were detected. The four alkyl phenols were detected with their different alkyl sidechains without any interference. This method is also specified for the detection of fatty acids of saturated and unsaturated chains. Silylation did not cause any alteration in the chemical structure of CNSL compounds regardless of esterification action. Silylation is considered a safe derivatizing agent compatible with GC chromatography and specific for all volatile and nonvolatile polar and nonpolar CNSL compounds that could be detected in CNSL samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir M Osman
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6th October City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Megied
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department., Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelshekh University, Kafrelsheikh City, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Zain Eldain
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6th October City, Egypt
| | - Simimole Haleema
- Department of Chemistry, T.K.M. College of Arts and Science, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Chithra Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, T.K.M. College of Arts and Science, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | | | - Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Farag MA, Ammar NM, El Gendy AN, Mohsen E. Effect of grilling as processing method on
Zea mays
(corn) metabolites composition as analyzed via SPME GC‐MS and chemometrics. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University Cairo Egypt
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt
| | - Naglaa M. Ammar
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department National Research Centre Cairo Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser El Gendy
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department National Research Centre Cairo Egypt
| | - Engy Mohsen
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University Cairo Egypt
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van Ruth SM, Silvis IC, Alewijn M, Liu N, Jansen M, Luning PA. No more nutmegging with nutmeg: Analytical fingerprints for distinction of quality from low-grade nutmeg products. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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