Phenolic enrichment of Ma-Kieng seed extract using absorbent and this enriched extract application for safety control of fresh-cut cantaloupe

2,4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone from Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala seeds attenuated the early stage of diethylnitrosamine and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal carcinogenesis

BACKGROUND

Dichloromethane extract of Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala seeds exhibited an anticarcinogenicity against chemically-induced the early stages of carcinogenesis in rats. This study aimed to identify anticarcinogenic compounds from C. nervosum seed extract (CSE).

METHODS

Salmonella mutation assay was performed to determine mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of partially purified and purified compounds of CSE. The anticarcinogenic enzyme-inducing activity was measured in Hepa1c1c7. Moreover, the anticancer potency was examined on various human cancer cell lines. The anticarcinogenicity of DMC was investigated using dual-organ carcinogenicity model. The number of preneoplastic lesions was evaluated in the liver and colon. The inhibitory mechanisms of DMC on liver- and colorectal carcinogenesis were investigated.

RESULTS

Six partially purified fractions (MK1 - MK6) and purified compounds, including 2,4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC) and hariganetin, were obtained from CSE. Among these fractions, MK4 and DMC presented the greatest antimutagenicity against indirect mutagens in bacterial model. Moreover, MK5 possessed an effective anticarcinogenic enzyme inducer in Hepa1c1c7. The MK4, DMC and CSE showed greater anticancer activity on all cell lines and exhibited the most effective toxicity on colon cancer cells. Furthermore, DMC inhibited the formation of colonic preneoplastic lesions in carcinogens-treated rats. It reduced PCNA-positive cells and frequency of BCAC in rat colon. DMC also enhanced the detoxifying enzyme, GST, in rat livers.

CONCLUSIONS

DMC obtained from CSE may be a promising cancer chemopreventive compound of colorectal cancer process in rats. It could increase detoxifying enzymes and suppress the cell proliferation process resulting in prevention of post-initiation stage of colorectal carcinogenesis.

Antiaging, Stress Resistance, and Neuroprotective Efficacies of Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala Fruit Extracts Using Caenorhabditis elegans Model

Plant parts and their bioactive compounds are widely used by mankind for their health benefits. Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala is one berry fruit, native to Thailand, known to exhibit various health benefits in vitro. The present study was focused on analyzing the antiaging, stress resistance, and neuroprotective effects of C. nervosum in model system Caenorhabditis elegans using physiological assays, fluorescent imaging, and qPCR analysis. The results suggest that the fruit extract was able to significantly extend the median and maximum lifespan of the nematode. It could also extend the healthspan by reducing the accumulation of the “age pigment” lipofuscin, inside the nematode along with regulating the expression of col-19, egl-8, egl-30, dgk-1, and goa-1 genes. Further, the extracts upregulated the expression of daf-16 while downregulating the expression of daf-2 and age-1 in wild-type nematodes. Interestingly, it could extend the lifespan in DAF-16 mutants suggesting that the extension of lifespan and healthspan was dependent and independent of DAF-16-mediated pathway. The fruit extract was also observed to reduce the level of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) inside the nematode during oxidative stress. The qPCR analysis suggests the involvement of skn-1 and sir-2.1 in initiating stress resistance by activating the antioxidant mechanism. Additionally, the fruit could also elicit neuroprotection as it could extend the median and maximum lifespan of transgenic strain integrated with Aβ. SKN-1 could play a pivotal role in establishing the antiaging, stress resistance, and neuroprotective effect of C. nervosum. Overall, C. nervosum can be used as a nutraceutical in the food industry which could offer potential health benefits.