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Wang J, Wang J, Qiao L, Zhang N, Sun B, Li H, Sun J, Chen H. From Traditional to Intelligent, A Review of Application and Progress of Sensory Analysis in Alcoholic Beverage Industry. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101542. [PMID: 38974198 PMCID: PMC11225692 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensory analysis is an interdisciplinary field that combines multiple disciplines to analyze food qualitatively and quantitatively. At present, this analysis method has been widely used in product development, quality control, marketing, flavor analysis, safety supervision and inspection of alcoholic beverages. Due to the changing needs of analysis, new and more optimized methods are still emerging. Thereinto, intelligent and biometric technologies with growing attention have also been applied to sensory analysis. This work summarized the sensory analysis methods from three aspects, including traditional artificial sensory analysis, intelligent sensory technology, and innovative technologies. Meanwhile, the application sensory analysis in alcoholic beverages and its industrial production was scientifically emphasized. Moreover, the future tendency of sensory analysis in the alcoholic beverage industry is also highlights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lina Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hehe Li
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jinyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Wu Y, Li Y, Liang H, Zhang S, Lin X, Ji C. Enhancing cider quality through co-fermentation with acid protease and esterase-producing Metschnikowia species and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39271473 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, cider production has primarily relied on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Introducing novel non-Saccharomyces yeasts can enhance the diversity of cider properties. Among these, the Metschnikowia genus stands out for its ability to produce hydrolytic enzymes that may impact the sensorial and technological properties of cider. This study focused on evaluating the impact of three Metschnikowia species - Metschnikowia koreensis (Mk), M. reukaufii (Mr), and M. pulcherrima (Mp) - which exhibit acid protease and esterase activity, on the quality enhancement of cider. RESULTS The research findings indicate that the overall quality of cider produced through co-fermentation with these species surpassed that of cider fermented with mono-fermentation of S. cerevisiae (Sc). The cider fermented with the Sc + Mk combination exhibited the lowest levels of harsh-tasting malic acid and higher levels of softer lactic acid. Sensory array analysis also demonstrated that the Sc + Mk fermented cider exhibited high sensor response values for compounds contributing to a complex overall olfactory composition and richness. Furthermore, the Sc + Mk fermented cider exhibited the highest total quantity and variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Specifically, the concentrations of phenethyl alcohol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl octanoate, and decanoic acid were notably elevated in comparison with other groups. CONCLUSION This study illustrates that Metschnikowia species, particularly M. koreensis, show significant potential as starters for cider due to their various technological properties, including acidity modulation, aroma enhancement, and color improvement. The findings of this study provide a foundation for improving cider quality by co-fermenting S. cerevisiae with innovative starter cultures. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzheng Wu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yuening Li
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Huipeng Liang
- Institute of Technology, China Resources Beer (Holdings) Company Limited, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Sufang Zhang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Xinping Lin
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Chaofan Ji
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
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Mei H, Peng J, Wang T, Zhou T, Zhao H, Zhang T, Yang Z. Overcoming the Limits of Cross-Sensitivity: Pattern Recognition Methods for Chemiresistive Gas Sensor Array. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:269. [PMID: 39141168 PMCID: PMC11324646 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
As information acquisition terminals for artificial olfaction, chemiresistive gas sensors are often troubled by their cross-sensitivity, and reducing their cross-response to ambient gases has always been a difficult and important point in the gas sensing area. Pattern recognition based on sensor array is the most conspicuous way to overcome the cross-sensitivity of gas sensors. It is crucial to choose an appropriate pattern recognition method for enhancing data analysis, reducing errors and improving system reliability, obtaining better classification or gas concentration prediction results. In this review, we analyze the sensing mechanism of cross-sensitivity for chemiresistive gas sensors. We further examine the types, working principles, characteristics, and applicable gas detection range of pattern recognition algorithms utilized in gas-sensing arrays. Additionally, we report, summarize, and evaluate the outstanding and novel advancements in pattern recognition methods for gas identification. At the same time, this work showcases the recent advancements in utilizing these methods for gas identification, particularly within three crucial domains: ensuring food safety, monitoring the environment, and aiding in medical diagnosis. In conclusion, this study anticipates future research prospects by considering the existing landscape and challenges. It is hoped that this work will make a positive contribution towards mitigating cross-sensitivity in gas-sensitive devices and offer valuable insights for algorithm selection in gas recognition applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Mei
- Key Lab Intelligent Rehabil & Barrier Free Disable (Ministry of Education), Changchun University, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Peng
- Key Lab Intelligent Rehabil & Barrier Free Disable (Ministry of Education), Changchun University, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tingting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu T, Wu X, Ma L, Zeng Y, Lian J, Liu J, Chen X, Zhong L, Chang J, Hui G. Rapid Mold Detection in Chinese Herbal Medicine Using Enhanced Deep Learning Technology. J Med Food 2024; 27:797-806. [PMID: 38919153 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2024.k.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mold contamination poses a significant challenge in the processing and storage of Chinese herbal medicines (CHM), leading to quality degradation and reduced efficacy. To address this issue, we propose a rapid and accurate detection method for molds in CHM, with a specific focus on Atractylodes macrocephala, using electronic nose (e-nose) technology. The proposed method introduces an eccentric temporal convolutional network (ETCN) model, which effectively captures temporal and spatial information from the e-nose data, enabling efficient and precise mold detection in CHM. In our approach, we employ the stochastic resonance (SR) technique to eliminate noise from the raw e-nose data. By comprehensively analyzing data from eight sensors, the SR-enhanced ETCN (SR-ETCN) method achieves an impressive accuracy of 94.3%, outperforming seven other comparative models that use only the response time of 7.0 seconds before the rise phase. The experimental results showcase the ETCN model's accuracy and efficiency, providing a reliable solution for mold detection in Chinese herbal medicine. This study contributes significantly to expediting the assessment of herbal medicine quality, thereby helping to ensure the safety and efficacy of traditional medicinal practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Key Laboratory of Forest Sensing Technology and Intelligent Equipment of Department of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forestry Intelligent Monitoring and Information Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xincan Wu
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Key Laboratory of Forest Sensing Technology and Intelligent Equipment of Department of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forestry Intelligent Monitoring and Information Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Ma
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Key Laboratory of Forest Sensing Technology and Intelligent Equipment of Department of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forestry Intelligent Monitoring and Information Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yadian Zeng
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Key Laboratory of Forest Sensing Technology and Intelligent Equipment of Department of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forestry Intelligent Monitoring and Information Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junbo Lian
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Key Laboratory of Forest Sensing Technology and Intelligent Equipment of Department of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forestry Intelligent Monitoring and Information Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiapeng Liu
- School of Opto-Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinnan Chen
- School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- School of Humanities and Law, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingnan Chang
- School of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Hui
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Key Laboratory of Forest Sensing Technology and Intelligent Equipment of Department of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forestry Intelligent Monitoring and Information Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
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Sun W, Chen X, Bi P, Han J, Li S, Liu X, Zhang Z, Long F, Guo J. Screening and characterization of indigenous non-Saccharomyces cerevisiae with high enzyme activity for kiwifruit wine production. Food Chem 2024; 440:138309. [PMID: 38159319 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
To explore the diversity and fermentation potential of non-Saccharomyces cerevisiae associated with kiwifruit, indigenous yeasts isolated from kiwifruit and natural fermentation were comprehensively analyzed. A total of 166 indigenous yeasts were isolated, of which 54 representative strains were used for subsequent enzyme activity characterization. Different colorimetric methods were used to verify the ability of these strains to secrete hydrolytic enzymes, and then six strains were selected for sequential fermentation by specific activity assay. The performance of indigenous yeasts in improving organic acids, polyphenols, volatile compounds and sensory characteristics of wines was evaluated holistically. Results indicated that most sequential fermentations exhibited significant improvements in vitamin C and polyphenols. Remarkably, the involvement of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, and Pichia kudriavzevii increased the concentrations of ethyl esters, acetates and alcohols, enhancing floral and tropical fruit odors and ultimately achieving the highest overall sensory acceptability, thereby highlighting their potential in kiwifruit wine fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangsheng Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Pengfei Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Jia Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Shiqi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Fangyu Long
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Alfieri G, Modesti M, Riggi R, Bellincontro A. Recent Advances and Future Perspectives in the E-Nose Technologies Addressed to the Wine Industry. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2293. [PMID: 38610504 PMCID: PMC11014050 DOI: 10.3390/s24072293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Electronic nose devices stand out as pioneering innovations in contemporary technological research, addressing the arduous challenge of replicating the complex sense of smell found in humans. Currently, sensor instruments find application in a variety of fields, including environmental, (bio)medical, food, pharmaceutical, and materials production. Particularly the latter, has seen a significant increase in the adoption of technological tools to assess food quality, gradually supplanting human panelists and thus reshaping the entire quality control paradigm in the sector. This process is happening even more rapidly in the world of wine, where olfactory sensory analysis has always played a central role in attributing certain qualities to a wine. In this review, conducted using sources such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science, we examined papers published between January 2015 and January 2024. The aim was to explore prevailing trends in the use of human panels and sensory tools (such as the E-nose) in the wine industry. The focus was on the evaluation of wine quality attributes by paying specific attention to geographical origin, sensory defects, and monitoring of production trends. Analyzed results show that the application of E-nose-type sensors performs satisfactorily in that trajectory. Nevertheless, the integration of this type of analysis with more classical methods, such as the trained sensory panel test and with the application of destructive instrument volatile compound (VOC) detection (e.g., gas chromatography), still seems necessary to better explore and investigate the aromatic characteristics of wines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea Bellincontro
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (G.A.); (M.M.); (R.R.)
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Kou Y, Zhang XG, Li H, Zhang KL, Xu QC, Zheng QN, Tian JH, Zhang YJ, Li JF. SERS-Based Hydrogen Bonding Induction Strategy for Gaseous Acetic Acid Capture and Detection. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4275-4281. [PMID: 38409670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) can overcome the existing technological limitations, such as complex processes and harsh conditions in gaseous small-molecule detection, and advance the development of real-time gas sensing at room temperature. In this study, a SERS-based hydrogen bonding induction strategy for capturing and sensing gaseous acetic acid is proposed for the detection demands of gaseous acetic acid. This addresses the challenges of low adsorption of gaseous small molecules on SERS substrates and small Raman scattering cross sections and enables the first SERS-based detection of gaseous acetic acid by a portable Raman spectrometer. To provide abundant hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) was used as a ligand molecule modified on the SERS substrate. Furthermore, a sensing chip with a low relative standard deviation (RSD) of 4.15% was constructed, ensuring highly sensitive and reliable detection. The hydrogen bond-induced acetic acid trapping was confirmed by experimental spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT). In addition, to achieve superior accuracy compared to conventional methods, an innovative analytical method based on direct response hydrogen bond formation (IO-H/Iref) was proposed, enabling the detection of gaseous acetic acid at concentrations as low as 60 ppb. The strategy demonstrated a superior anti-interference capability in simulated breath and wine detection systems. Moreover, the high reusability of the chip highlights the significant potential for real-time sensing of gaseous acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Kou
- College of Physical Science and Technology, College of Energy, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xia-Guang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- College of Physical Science and Technology, College of Energy, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kai-Le Zhang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, College of Energy, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qing-Chi Xu
- College of Physical Science and Technology, College of Energy, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qing-Na Zheng
- College of Physical Science and Technology, College of Energy, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing-Hua Tian
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yue-Jiao Zhang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, College of Energy, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- College of Physical Science and Technology, College of Energy, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Putri LA, Rahman I, Puspita M, Hidayat SN, Dharmawan AB, Rianjanu A, Wibirama S, Roto R, Triyana K, Wasisto HS. Rapid analysis of meat floss origin using a supervised machine learning-based electronic nose towards food authentication. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:31. [PMID: 37328497 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Authentication of meat floss origin has been highly critical for its consumers due to existing potential risks of having allergic diseases or religion perspective related to pork-containing foods. Herein, we developed and assessed a compact portable electronic nose (e-nose) comprising gas sensor array and supervised machine learning with a window time slicing method to sniff and to classify different meat floss products. We evaluated four different supervised learning methods for data classification (i.e., linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), and random forest (RF)). Among them, an LDA model equipped with five-window-extracted feature yielded the highest accuracy values of >99% for both validation and testing data in discriminating beef, chicken, and pork flosses. The obtained e-nose results were correlated and confirmed with the spectral data from Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) measurements. We found that beef and chicken had similar compound groups (i.e., hydrocarbons and alcohol). Meanwhile, aldehyde compounds (e.g., dodecanal and 9-octadecanal) were found to be dominant in pork products. Based on its performance evaluation, the developed e-nose system shows promising results in food authenticity testing, which paves the way for ubiquitously detecting deception and food fraud attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ardita Putri
- PT Nanosense Instrument Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 55167, Indonesia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara PO Box BLS 21, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Iman Rahman
- PT Nanosense Instrument Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 55167, Indonesia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara PO Box BLS 21, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Mayumi Puspita
- PT Nanosense Instrument Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 55167, Indonesia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara PO Box BLS 21, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
- Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute, Jalan Taman Kencana No 1, Bogor, 16128, Indonesia
| | | | - Agus Budi Dharmawan
- PT Nanosense Instrument Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 55167, Indonesia
- Faculty of Information Technology, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jl. Letjen S. Parman No. 1, Jakarta, 11440, Indonesia
| | - Aditya Rianjanu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Terusan Ryacudu, Way Hui, Jati Agung, Lampung, 35365, Indonesia
| | - Sunu Wibirama
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika 2, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Roto Roto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara PO Box BLS 21, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Kuwat Triyana
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara PO Box BLS 21, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
- Institute of Halal Industry and System (IHIS), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
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Hernández E, Pelegrí-Sebastiá J, Sogorb T, Chilo J. Evaluation of Red Wine Acidification Using an E-Nose System with Venturi Tool Sampling. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2878. [PMID: 36991590 PMCID: PMC10056685 DOI: 10.3390/s23062878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The quality of wine is checked both during the production process and upon consumption. Therefore, manual wine-tasting work is still valuable. Due to the nature of wine, many volatile components are released, and it is therefore difficult to determine which elements need to be controlled. Acetic acid is one of the substances found in wine and is a crucial substance for wine quality. Gas sensor systems may be a potential alternative for manual wine tasting. In this work, we have developed a TGS2620 gas sensor module to analyze acetic acid levels in red wine. The gas sensor module was refined according to the Venturi effect along with signal slope analysis, providing promising results. The example included in this paper demonstrates that there is a direct relationship between the slope of the MOS gas sensor response and the acetic acid concentration. This relationship is useful to evaluate the ethanol oxidation in acetic acid in red wine during its production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Hernández
- IGIC Institute, Campus Gandia, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - José Pelegrí-Sebastiá
- IGIC Institute, Campus Gandia, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - Tomás Sogorb
- IGIC Institute, Campus Gandia, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46730 Gandia, Spain
| | - José Chilo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Science, University of Gävle, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden
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Wu C, Li J. Portable FBAR based E-nose for cold chain real-time bananas shelf time detection. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1063/10.0016870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Being cheap, nondestructive, and easy to use, gas sensors play important roles in the food industry. However, most gas sensors are suitable more for laboratory-quality fast testing rather than for cold-chain continuous and cumulative testing. Also, an ideal electronic nose (E-nose) in a cold chain should be stable to its surroundings and remain highly accurate and portable. In this work, a portable film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR)-based E-nose was built for real-time measurement of banana shelf time. The sensor chamber to contain the portable circuit of the E-nose is as small as a smartphone, and by introducing an air-tight FBAR as a reference, the E-nose can avoid most of the drift caused by surroundings. With the help of porous layer by layer (LBL) coating of the FBAR, the sensitivity of the E-nose is 5 ppm to ethylene and 0.5 ppm to isoamyl acetate and isoamyl butyrate, while the detection range is large enough to cover a relative humidity of 0.8. In this regard, the E-nose can easily discriminate between yellow bananas with green necks and entirely yellow bananas while allowing the bananas to maintain their biological activities in their normal storage state, thereby showing the possibility of real-time shelf time detection. This portable FBAR-based E-nose has a large testing scale, high sensitivity, good humidity tolerance, and low frequency drift to its surroundings, thereby meeting the needs of cold-chain usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wu
- Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiuyan Li
- Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai Economic and Technological Development Zone, 300 Changjiang Road, Yantai, China
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Wei G, Dan M, Zhao G, Wang D. Recent advances in chromatography-mass spectrometry and electronic nose technology in food flavor analysis and detection. Food Chem 2023; 405:134814. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Jiang X, McPhedran KN, Hou X, Chen Y, Huang R. Assessment of the trace level metal ingredients that enhance the flavor and taste of traditionally crafted rice-based products. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Sha J, Xu C, Xu K. Progress of Research on the Application of Nanoelectronic Smelling in the Field of Food. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050789. [PMID: 35630255 PMCID: PMC9145094 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the past 20 years, the development of an artificial olfactory system has made great progress and improvements. In recent years, as a new type of sensor, nanoelectronic smelling has been widely used in the food and drug industry because of its advantages of accurate sensitivity and good selectivity. This paper reviews the latest applications and progress of nanoelectronic smelling in animal-, plant-, and microbial-based foods. This includes an analysis of the status of nanoelectronic smelling in animal-based foods, an analysis of its harmful composition in plant-based foods, and an analysis of the microorganism quantity in microbial-based foods. We also conduct a flavor component analysis and an assessment of the advantages of nanoelectronic smelling. On this basis, the principles and structures of nanoelectronic smelling are also analyzed. Finally, the limitations and challenges of nanoelectronic smelling are summarized, and the future development of nanoelectronic smelling is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chong Xu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-024-2469-2899
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14
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He W, Laaksonen O, Tian Y, Heinonen M, Bitz L, Yang B. Phenolic compound profiles in Finnish apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) juices and ciders fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe strains. Food Chem 2022; 373:131437. [PMID: 34749087 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The phenolic compounds in juices and ciders made with Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Schizosaccharomyces pombe from eleven Finnish apple cultivars were analyzed using liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods combined with multivariate data analysis. In general, the ciders contained less phenolic compounds than corresponding apple juices. In the studied apple juices and ciders, hydroxycinnamic acids were the most predominant, accounting for around 80% of total phenolic compounds. Apple juices contained more flavonol glycosides and dihydrochalcones whereas cider processing resulted in increased amount of free hydroxycinnamic acids. The contents of individual phenolic compounds were more dependent on the apple cultivars than the yeast species. Certain cultivars contained remarkably higher contents of dihydrochalcones and hydroxycinnamic acids when comparing with other cultivars. Ciders made using S. pombe remained higher contents of procyanidins and (+)-catechin while S. cerevisiae ciders contained higher individual hydroxycinnamic acids, such as 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid, and 4-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia He
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Oskar Laaksonen
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Ye Tian
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Maarit Heinonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production systems/Horticultural technologies, Myllytie 1, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Lidija Bitz
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production systems/Horticultural technologies, Myllytie 1, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 79, Longcheng Street, Taiyuan 030031, China.
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15
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Zhang X, Li P, Zhang Z, Guo J, Fang Z, Fereja SL, Liu K, Tong X, Zheng Y, Li Z, Chen W. Construction of Cu2O@Cu1.75S Core‐Shell Octahedrons for Enhanced NO2 Gas Sensing at Low Temperature. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CHINA
| | - Ping Li
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CHINA
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CHINA
| | - Jinhan Guo
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CHINA
| | - Zhongying Fang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CHINA
| | | | - Kaifan Liu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CHINA
| | - Xinjie Tong
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CHINA
| | - Yue Zheng
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CHINA
| | - Zongjun Li
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CHINA
| | - Wei Chen
- Changchun institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences CHINA
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16
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Marques C, Correia E, Dinis LT, Vilela A. An Overview of Sensory Characterization Techniques: From Classical Descriptive Analysis to the Emergence of Novel Profiling Methods. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030255. [PMID: 35159407 PMCID: PMC8834440 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory science provides objective information about the consumer understanding of a product, the acceptance or rejection of stimuli, and the description of the emotions evoked. It is possible to answer how consumers perceive a product through discriminative and descriptive techniques. However, perception can change over time, and these fluctuations can be measured with time-intensity methods. Instrumental sensory devices and immersive techniques are gaining headway as sensory profiling techniques. The authors of this paper critically review sensory techniques from classical descriptive analysis to the emergence of novel profiling methods. Though research has been done in the creation of new sensory methods and comparison of those methods, little attention has been given to the timeline approach and its advantages and challenges. This study aimed to gather, explain, simplify, and discuss the evolution of sensory techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Marques
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.); (L.-T.D.)
| | - Elisete Correia
- Center for Computational and Stochastic Mathematics (CEMAT), Department of Mathematics, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Lia-Tânia Dinis
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.); (L.-T.D.)
| | - Alice Vilela
- Chemistry Research Centre (CQ-VR), Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Science and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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17
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Basalekou M, Kyraleou M, Kallithraka S. Authentication of wine and other alcohol-based beverages—Future global scenario. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91001-9.00028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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18
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WANG A, ZHU Y, QIU J, CAO R, ZHU H. Application of intelligent sensory technology in the authentication of alcoholic beverages. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.32622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ju QIU
- China Agricultural University, China
| | - Ruge CAO
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Hong ZHU
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
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19
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Advances in the Detection of Emerging Tree Diseases by Measurements of VOCs and HSPs Gene Expression, Application to Ash Dieback Caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111359. [PMID: 34832516 PMCID: PMC8622506 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ash shoot dieback has now spread throughout Europe. It is caused by an interaction between fungi that attack shoots (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) and roots (Armillaria spp., in our case Armillaria gallica). While detection of the pathogen is relatively easy when disease symptoms are present, it is virtually impossible when the infestation is latent. Such situations occur in nurseries when seedlings become infected (the spores are carried by the wind several dozen miles). The diseases are masked by pesticides, fertilisers, and adequate irrigation to protect the plants. Root rot that develops in the soil is also difficult to detect. Currently, there is a lack of equipment that can detect root rot pathogens without digging up root systems, which risks damaging trees. For this reason, the use of an electronic nose to detect pathogens in infected tissue of ash trees grown in pots and inoculated with the above fungi was attempted. Disease symptoms were detected in all ash trees exposed to natural infection (via spores) in the forest. The electronic nose was able to detect the pathogens (compared to the control). Detection of the pathogens in seedlings will enable foresters to remove diseased trees and prevent the path from nursery to forest plantations by such selection.
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20
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Optimization of Electronic Nose Sensor Array for Tea Aroma Detecting Based on Correlation Coefficient and Cluster Analysis. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9090266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The electronic nose system is widely used in tea aroma detecting, and the sensor array plays a fundamental role for obtaining good results. Here, a sensor array optimization (SAO) method based on correlation coefficient and cluster analysis (CA) is proposed. First, correlation coefficient and distinguishing performance value (DPV) are calculated to eliminate redundant sensors. Then, the sensor independence is obtained through cluster analysis and the number of sensors is confirmed. Finally, the optimized sensor array is constructed. According to the results of the proposed method, sensor array for green tea (LG), fried green tea (LF) and baked green tea (LB) are constructed, and validation experiments are carried out. The classification accuracy using methods of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based on the average value (LDA-ave) combined with nearest-neighbor classifier (NNC) can almost reach 94.44~100%. When the proposed method is used to discriminate between various grades of West Lake Longjing tea, LF can show comparable performance to that of the German PEN2 electronic nose. The electronic nose SAO method proposed in this paper can effectively eliminate redundant sensors and improve the quality of original tea aroma data. With fewer sensors, the optimized sensor array contributes to the miniaturization and cost reduction of the electronic nose system.
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21
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Borowik P, Adamowicz L, Tarakowski R, Wacławik P, Oszako T, Ślusarski S, Tkaczyk M. Development of a Low-Cost Electronic Nose for Detection of Pathogenic Fungi and Applying It to Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:5868. [PMID: 34502763 PMCID: PMC8433741 DOI: 10.3390/s21175868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electronic noses can be applied as a rapid, cost-effective option for several applications. This paper presents the results of measurements of samples of two pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, performed using two constructions of a low-cost electronic nose. The first electronic nose used six non-specific Figaro Inc. metal oxide gas sensors. The second one used ten sensors from only two models (TGS 2602 and TGS 2603) operating at different heater voltages. Sets of features describing the shapes of the measurement curves of the sensors' responses when exposed to the odours were extracted. Machine learning classification models using the logistic regression method were created. We demonstrated the possibility of applying the low-cost electronic nose data to differentiate between the two studied species of fungi with acceptable accuracy. Improved classification performance could be obtained, mainly for measurements using TGS 2603 sensors operating at different voltage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Borowik
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Leszek Adamowicz
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Rafał Tarakowski
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Przemysław Wacławik
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Tomasz Oszako
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, ul. Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland; (T.O.); (S.Ś.); (M.T.)
| | - Sławomir Ślusarski
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, ul. Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland; (T.O.); (S.Ś.); (M.T.)
| | - Miłosz Tkaczyk
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, ul. Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland; (T.O.); (S.Ś.); (M.T.)
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22
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Assessment of Volatile Aromatic Compounds in Smoke Tainted Cabernet Sauvignon Wines Using a Low-Cost E-Nose and Machine Learning Modelling. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165108. [PMID: 34443695 PMCID: PMC8398669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wine aroma is an important quality trait in wine, influenced by its volatile compounds. Many factors can affect the composition and levels (concentration) of volatile aromatic compounds, including the water status of grapevines, canopy management, and the effects of climate change, such as increases in ambient temperature and drought. In this study, a low-cost and portable electronic nose (e-nose) was used to assess wines produced from grapevines exposed to different levels of smoke contamination. Readings from the e-nose were then used as inputs to develop two machine learning models based on artificial neural networks. Results showed that regression Model 1 displayed high accuracy in predicting the levels of volatile aromatic compounds in wine (R = 0.99). On the other hand, Model 2 also had high accuracy in predicting smoke aroma intensity from sensory evaluation (R = 0.97). Descriptive sensory analysis showed high levels of smoke taint aromas in the high-density smoke-exposed wine sample (HS), followed by the high-density smoke exposure with in-canopy misting treatment (HSM). Principal component analysis further showed that the HS treatment was associated with smoke aroma intensity, while results from the matrix showed significant negative correlations (p < 0.05) were observed between ammonia gas (sensor MQ137) and the volatile aromatic compounds octanoic acid, ethyl ester (r = -0.93), decanoic acid, ethyl ester (r = -0.94), and octanoic acid, 3-methylbutyl ester (r = -0.89). The two models developed in this study may offer winemakers a rapid, cost-effective, and non-destructive tool for assessing levels of volatile aromatic compounds and the aroma qualities of wine for decision making.
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23
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Detection of Red Wine Faults over Time with Flash Profiling and the Electronic Tongue. BEVERAGES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages7030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wine faults, often caused by spoilage microorganisms, are considered negative sensory attributes, and may result in substantial economic losses. The objective of this study was to use the electronic tongue (e-tongue) and flash sensory profiling (FP) to evaluate changes in red wine over time due to the presence of different spoilage microorganisms. Merlot wine was inoculated with one of the following microorganisms: Brettanomyces bruxellensis, Lactobacillus brevis, Pediococcus parvulus, or Acetobacter pasteurianus. These wines were analyzed weekly until Day 42 using the e-tongue and FP, with microbial plate counts. Over time, both FP and e-tongue differentiated the wines. The e-tongue showed a low discrimination among microorganisms up to Day 14 of storage. However, at Day 21 and continuing to Day 42, the e-tongue discriminated among the samples with a discrimination index of 91. From the sensory FP data, assessors discriminated among the wines starting at Day 28. Non-spoilage terms were used to describe the wines at significantly higher frequency for all time points until Day 42, at which point the use of spoilage terms was significantly higher (p < 0.05). These results suggest that application of these novel techniques may be the key to detecting and limiting financial losses associated with wine faults.
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24
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Digital Smoke Taint Detection in Pinot Grigio Wines Using an E-Nose and Machine Learning Algorithms Following Treatment with Activated Carbon and a Cleaving Enzyme. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and intensity of bushfires is increasing due to climate change, resulting in a greater risk of smoke taint development in wine. In this study, smoke-tainted and non-smoke-tainted wines were subjected to treatments using activated carbon with/without the addition of a cleaving enzyme treatment to hydrolyze glycoconjugates. Chemical measurements and volatile aroma compounds were assessed for each treatment, with the two smoke taint amelioration treatments exhibiting lower mean values for volatile aroma compounds exhibiting positive ‘fruit’ aromas. Furthermore, a low-cost electronic nose (e-nose) was used to assess the wines. A machine learning model based on artificial neural networks (ANN) was developed using the e-nose outputs from the unsmoked control wine, unsmoked wine with activated carbon treatment, unsmoked wine with a cleaving enzyme plus activated carbon treatment, and smoke-tainted control wine samples as inputs to classify the wines according to the smoke taint amelioration treatment. The model displayed a high overall accuracy of 98% in classifying the e-nose readings, illustrating it may be a rapid, cost-effective tool for winemakers to assess the effectiveness of smoke taint amelioration treatment by activated carbon with/without the use of a cleaving enzyme. Furthermore, the use of a cleaving enzyme coupled with activated carbon was found to be effective in ameliorating smoke taint in wine and may help delay the resurgence of smoke aromas in wine following the aging and hydrolysis of glycoconjugates.
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25
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Tang Y, Xu K, Zhao B, Zhang M, Gong C, Wan H, Wang Y, Yang Z. A novel electronic nose for the detection and classification of pesticide residue on apples. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20874-20883. [PMID: 35479381 PMCID: PMC9034013 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03069h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive pesticide residues are a serious problem faced by food regulatory authorities, suppliers, and consumers. To assist with this challenge, this work aimed to develop a method of detecting and classifying pesticide residue on fruit samples using an electronic nose, through the application of three different data-recognition algorithms. The apple samples carried various concentrations of two known pesticides, namely cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos. Data collection was performed using a PEN3 electronic nose equipped with 10 metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors. In order to classify and analyze these pesticide residues on the apple samples, principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and support vector machine (SVM) results were combined with sensor output responses to realize MOS sensor array data visualization. The results indicated that all three data-recognition algorithms accurately identified the pesticide residues in the apple samples, with the PCA algorithm exhibiting the best classification and discrimination ability. Consequently, this work has shown that the MOS electronic nose, in combination with data-recognition algorithms, can provide support for the rapid and non-destructive identification of pesticide residues in fruits and can provide an effective tool for the detection of pesticide residues in agricultural products. The MOS electronic nose in combination with data-recognition algorithms can provide an effective tool for the detection of pesticide residues in agricultural products.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, University of Xihua Chengdu Sichuan 610039 China
| | - Kunli Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, University of Xihua Chengdu Sichuan 610039 China
| | - Bo Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, University of Xihua Chengdu Sichuan 610039 China
| | - Meichao Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, University of Xihua Chengdu Sichuan 610039 China.,Bureau of Science, Technology, Agriculture and Livestock MaoXian, Aba Qiang and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Sichuan 623200 China
| | - Chenhui Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, University of Xihua Chengdu Sichuan 610039 China
| | - Hailun Wan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, University of Xihua Chengdu Sichuan 610039 China
| | - Yuanhui Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, University of Xihua Chengdu Sichuan 610039 China
| | - Zepeng Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, University of Xihua Chengdu Sichuan 610039 China
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26
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Borowik P, Adamowicz L, Tarakowski R, Wacławik P, Oszako T, Ślusarski S, Tkaczyk M. Application of a Low-Cost Electronic Nose for Differentiation between Pathogenic Oomycetes Pythium intermedium and Phytophthora plurivora. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1326. [PMID: 33668511 PMCID: PMC7918289 DOI: 10.3390/s21041326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Compared with traditional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques, electronic noses are non-invasive and can be a rapid, cost-effective option for several applications. This paper presents comparative studies of differentiation between odors emitted by two forest pathogens: Pythium and Phytophthora, measured by a low-cost electronic nose. The electronic nose applies six non-specific Figaro Inc. metal oxide sensors. Various features describing shapes of the measurement curves of sensors' response to the odors' exposure were extracted and used for building the classification models. As a machine learning algorithm for classification, we use the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method and various measures to assess classification models' performance. Differentiation between Phytophthora and Pythium species has an important practical aspect allowing forest practitioners to take appropriate plant protection. We demonstrate the possibility to recognize and differentiate between the two mentioned species with acceptable accuracy by our low-cost electronic nose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Borowik
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Leszek Adamowicz
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Rafał Tarakowski
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Przemysław Wacławik
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Tomasz Oszako
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, ul. Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland; (T.O.); (S.Ś.); (M.T.)
| | - Sławomir Ślusarski
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, ul. Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland; (T.O.); (S.Ś.); (M.T.)
| | - Miłosz Tkaczyk
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, ul. Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland; (T.O.); (S.Ś.); (M.T.)
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27
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Chen L, Li D, Hao D, Ma X, Song S, Rong Y. Study on chemical compositions, sensory properties, and volatile compounds of banana wine. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chen
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai China
| | - Dongna Li
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai China
| | - Delan Hao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai China
| | - Xia Ma
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai China
| | - Shiqing Song
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yuzhi Rong
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai China
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28
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Assessment of Smoke Contamination in Grapevine Berries and Taint in Wines Due to Bushfires Using a Low-Cost E-Nose and an Artificial Intelligence Approach. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20185108. [PMID: 32911709 PMCID: PMC7570578 DOI: 10.3390/s20185108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bushfires are increasing in number and intensity due to climate change. A newly developed low-cost electronic nose (e-nose) was tested on wines made from grapevines exposed to smoke in field trials. E-nose readings were obtained from wines from five experimental treatments: (i) low-density smoke exposure (LS), (ii) high-density smoke exposure (HS), (iii) high-density smoke exposure with in-canopy misting (HSM), and two controls: (iv) control (C; no smoke treatment) and (v) control with in-canopy misting (CM; no smoke treatment). These e-nose readings were used as inputs for machine learning algorithms to obtain a classification model, with treatments as targets and seven neurons, with 97% accuracy in the classification of 300 samples into treatments as targets (Model 1). Models 2 to 4 used 10 neurons, with 20 glycoconjugates and 10 volatile phenols as targets, measured: in berries one hour after smoke (Model 2; R = 0.98; R2 = 0.95; b = 0.97); in berries at harvest (Model 3; R = 0.99; R2 = 0.97; b = 0.96); in wines (Model 4; R = 0.99; R2 = 0.98; b = 0.98). Model 5 was based on the intensity of 12 wine descriptors determined via a consumer sensory test (Model 5; R = 0.98; R2 = 0.96; b = 0.97). These models could be used by winemakers to assess near real-time smoke contamination levels and to implement amelioration strategies to minimize smoke taint in wines following bushfires.
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Enhancing Electronic Nose Performance by Feature Selection Using an Improved Grey Wolf Optimization Based Algorithm. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20154065. [PMID: 32707788 PMCID: PMC7436048 DOI: 10.3390/s20154065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Electronic nose is a kind of widely-used artificial olfactory system for the detection and classification of volatile organic compounds. The high dimensionality of data collected by electronic noses can hinder the process of pattern recognition. Thus, the feature selection is an essential stage in building a robust and accurate model for gas recognition. This paper proposed an improved grey wolf optimizer (GWO) based algorithm for feature selection and applied it on electronic nose data for the first time. Two mechanisms are employed for the proposed algorithm. The first mechanism contains two novel binary transform approaches, which are used for searching feature subset from electronic nose data that maximizing the classification accuracy while minimizing the number of features. The second mechanism is based on the adaptive restart approach, which attempts to further enhance the search capability and stability of the algorithm. The proposed algorithm is compared with five efficient feature selection algorithms on three electronic nose data sets. Three classifiers and multiple assessment indicators are used to evaluate the performance of algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively select the feature subsets that are conducive to gas recognition, which can improve the performance of the electronic nose.
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Odor Detection Using an E-Nose With a Reduced Sensor Array. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20123542. [PMID: 32585850 PMCID: PMC7349593 DOI: 10.3390/s20123542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of electronic noses (e-noses) have led to new developments in both sensors and feature extraction as well as data processing techniques, providing an increased amount of information. Therefore, feature selection has become essential in the development of e-nose applications. Sophisticated computation techniques can be applied for solving the old problem of sensor number optimization and feature selections. In this way, one can find an optimal application-specific sensor array and reduce the potential cost associated with designing new e-nose devices. In this paper, we examine a procedure to extract and select modeling features for optimal e-nose performance. The usefulness of this approach is demonstrated in detail. We calculated the model’s performance using cross-validation with the standard leave-one-group-out and group shuffle validation methods. Our analysis of wine spoilage data from the sensor array shows when a transient sensor response is considered, both from gas adsorption and desorption phases, it is possible to obtain a reasonable level of odor detection even with data coming from a single sensor. This requires adequate extraction of modeling features and then selection of features used in the final model.
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Jiang W, Gao D. Five Typical Stenches Detection Using an Electronic Nose. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20092514. [PMID: 32365549 PMCID: PMC7248900 DOI: 10.3390/s20092514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper deals with the classification of stenches, which can stimulate olfactory organs to discomfort people and pollute the environment. In China, the triangle odor bag method, which only depends on the state of the panelist, is widely used in determining odor concentration. In this paper, we propose a stenches detection system composed of an electronic nose and machine learning algorithms to discriminate five typical stenches. These five chemicals producing stenches are 2-phenylethyl alcohol, isovaleric acid, methylcyclopentanone, γ-undecalactone, and 2-methylindole. We will use random forest, support vector machines, backpropagation neural network, principal components analysis (PCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) in this paper. The result shows that LDA (support vector machine (SVM)) has better performance in detecting the stenches considered in this paper.
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Bio-Inspired Strategies for Improving the Selectivity and Sensitivity of Artificial Noses: A Review. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20061803. [PMID: 32214038 PMCID: PMC7146165 DOI: 10.3390/s20061803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Artificial noses are broad-spectrum multisensors dedicated to the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Despite great recent progress, they still suffer from a lack of sensitivity and selectivity. We will review, in a systemic way, the biomimetic strategies for improving these performance criteria, including the design of sensing materials, their immobilization on the sensing surface, the sampling of VOCs, the choice of a transduction method, and the data processing. This reflection could help address new applications in domains where high-performance artificial noses are required such as public security and safety, environment, industry, or healthcare.
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Jian Y, Hu W, Zhao Z, Cheng P, Haick H, Yao M, Wu W. Gas Sensors Based on Chemi-Resistive Hybrid Functional Nanomaterials. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:71. [PMID: 34138318 PMCID: PMC7770957 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-0407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemi-resistive sensors based on hybrid functional materials are promising candidates for gas sensing with high responsivity, good selectivity, fast response/recovery, great stability/repeatability, room-working temperature, low cost, and easy-to-fabricate, for versatile applications. This progress report reviews the advantages and advances of these sensing structures compared with the single constituent, according to five main sensing forms: manipulating/constructing heterojunctions, catalytic reaction, charge transfer, charge carrier transport, molecular binding/sieving, and their combinations. Promises and challenges of the advances of each form are presented and discussed. Critical thinking and ideas regarding the orientation of the development of hybrid material-based gas sensor in the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Jian
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Hu
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhuan Zhao
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hossam Haick
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Mingshui Yao
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Weiwei Wu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
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Collaborative Analysis on the Marked Ages of Rice Wines by Electronic Tongue and Nose based on Different Feature Data Sets. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20041065. [PMID: 32075334 PMCID: PMC7070273 DOI: 10.3390/s20041065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aroma and taste are the most important attributes of alcoholic beverages. In the study, the self-developed electronic tongue (e-tongue) and electronic nose (e-nose) were used for evaluating the marked ages of rice wines. Six types of feature data sets (e-tongue data set, e-nose data set, direct-fusion data set, weighted-fusion data set, optimized direct-fusion data set, and optimized weighted-fusion data set) were used for identifying rice wines with different wine ages. Pearson coefficient analysis and variance inflation factor (VIF) analysis were used to optimize the fusion matrixes by removing the multicollinear information. Two types of discrimination methods (principal component analysis (PCA) and locality preserving projections (LPP)) were used for classifying rice wines, and LPP performed better than PCA in the discrimination work. The best result was obtained by LPP based on the weighted-fusion data set, and all the samples could be classified clearly in the LPP plot. Therefore, the weighted-fusion data were used as independent variables of partial least squares regression, extreme learning machine, and support vector machines (LIBSVM) for evaluating wine ages, respectively. All the methods performed well with good prediction results, and LIBSVM presented the best correlation coefficient (R2 ≥ 0.9998).
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Rodriguez Gamboa JC, Albarracin E. ES, da Silva AJ, E. Ferreira TA. Electronic nose dataset for detection of wine spoilage thresholds. Data Brief 2019; 25:104202. [PMID: 31334319 PMCID: PMC6624639 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this data article, we provide a time series dataset obtained for an application of wine quality detection focused on spoilage thresholds. The database contains 235 recorded measurements of wines divided into three groups and labeled as high quality (HQ), average quality (AQ) and low quality (LQ), in addition to 65 ethanol measurements. This dataset was collected using an electronic nose system (E-Nose) based on Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors, self-developed at the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (Brazil). The dataset is related to the research article entitled "Wine quality rapid detection using a compact electronic nose system: application focused on spoilage thresholds by acetic acid" by Rodriguez Gamboa et al., 2019. The dataset can be accessed publicly at the repository: https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/vpc887d53s/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Rodriguez Gamboa
- Departamento de Estatística e Informática, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Eva Susana Albarracin E.
- Departamento de Estatística e Informática, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Adenilton J. da Silva
- Centro de Informática, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Tiago A. E. Ferreira
- Departamento de Estatística e Informática, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
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