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Ngolong Ngea GL, Yang Q, Xu M, Ianiri G, Dhanasekaran S, Zhang X, Bi Y, Zhang H. Revisiting the current and emerging concepts of postharvest fresh fruit and vegetable pathology for next-generation antifungal technologies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13397. [PMID: 38924311 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Fungal infections of fresh fruits and vegetables (FFVs) can lead to safety problems, including consumer poisoning by mycotoxins. Various strategies exist to control fungal infections of FFVs, but their effectiveness and sustainability are limited. Recently, new concepts based on the microbiome and pathobiome have emerged and offer a more holistic perspective for advancing postharvest pathogen control techniques. Understanding the role of the microbiome in FFV infections is essential for developing sustainable control strategies. This review examines current and emerging approaches to postharvest pathology. It reviews what is known about the initiation and development of infections in FFVs. As a promising concept, the pathobiome offers new insights into the basic mechanisms of microbial infections in FFVs. The underlying mechanisms uncovered by the pathobiome are being used to develop more relevant global antifungal strategies. This review will also focus on new technologies developed to target the microbiome and members of the pathobiome to control infections in FFVs and improve safety by limiting mycotoxin contamination. Specifically, this review stresses emerging technologies related to FFVs that are relevant for modifying the interaction between FFVs and the microbiome and include the use of microbial consortia, the use of genomic technology to manipulate host and microbial community genes, and the use of databases, deep learning, and artificial intelligence to identify pathobiome markers. Other approaches include programming the behavior of FFVs using synthetic biology, modifying the microbiome using sRNA technology, phages, quorum sensing, and quorum quenching strategies. Rapid adoption and commercialization of these technologies are recommended to further improve the overall safety of FFVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Legrand Ngolong Ngea
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Département de Transformation et Contrôle de qualité des Produits Halieutiques, Institut des Sciences Halieutiques, Université de Douala à Yabassi, Douala-Bassa, Cameroun
| | - Qiya Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Meiqiu Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Giuseppe Ianiri
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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2
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Liu S, Quek SY, Huang K. An Ecofriendly Nature-Inspired Microcarrier for Enhancing Delivery, Stability, and Biocidal Efficacy of Phage-Based Biopesticides. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403465. [PMID: 38940376 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
In pursuit of sustainable agricultural production, the development of environmentally friendly and effective biopesticides is essential to improve food security and environmental sustainability. Bacteriophages, as emerging biocontrol agents, offer an alternative to conventional antibiotics and synthetic chemical pesticides. The primary challenges in applying phage-based biopesticides in agricultural settings are their inherent fragility and low biocidal efficacy, particularly the susceptibility to sunlight exposure. This study addresses the aforementioned challenges by innovatively encapsulating phages in sporopollenin exine capsules (SECs), which are derived from plant pollen grains. The size of the apertures on SECs could be controlled through a non-thermal and rapid process, combining reinflation and vacuum infusion techniques. This unique feature facilitates the high-efficiency encapsulation and controlled release of phages under various conditions. The proposed SECs could encapsulate over 9 log PFU g-1 of phages and significantly enhance the ultraviolet (UV) resistance of phages, thereby ensuring their enhanced survivability and antimicrobial efficacy. The effectiveness of SECs encapsulated phages (T7@SECs) in preventing and treating bacterial contamination on lettuce leaves is further demonstrated, highlighting the practical applicability of this novel biopesticide in field applications. Overall, this study exploits the potential of SECs in the development of phage-based biopesticides, presenting a promising strategy to enhancing agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Siew-Young Quek
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kang Huang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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3
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Duan S, Zhang Z, Wang X, Sun Y, Dong Y, Ren L, Geng L, Xiu Z. Co-production of 1,3-propanediol and phage phiKpS2 from the glycerol fermentation by Klebsiella pneumoniae. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:44. [PMID: 38722416 PMCID: PMC11082122 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00760-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As an alternative to antibiotics in response to antimicrobial-resistant infections, bacteriophages (phages) are garnering renewed interest in recent years. However, the massive preparation of phage is restricted using traditional pathogens as host cells, which incurs additional costs and contamination. In this study, an opportunistic pathogen, Klebsiella pneumoniae used to convert glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), was reused to prepare phage after fermentation. The phage infection showed that the fed-batch fermentation broth containing 71.6 g/L 1,3-PDO can be directly used for preparation of phage with a titer of 1 × 108 pfu/mL. Then, the two-step salting-out extraction was adopted to remove most impurities, e.g. acetic acid (93.5%), ethanol (91.5%) and cells (99.4%) at the first step, and obtain 1,3-PDO (56.6%) in the top phase as well as phage (97.4%) in the middle phase at the second step. This integrated process provides a cheap and environment-friendly manner for coproduction of 1,3-PDO and phage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyang Duan
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yaqin Sun
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yuesheng Dong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Lina Ren
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Dalian Municipal Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Lili Geng
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Dalian Municipal Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Zhilong Xiu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
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4
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Du Q, Ding Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Shao Y, Wang X. A novel phagomagnetic separation-ATP bioluminescence (PhMS-BL) for rapid and sensitive detection of viable Vibrio parahaemolyticus in aquatic product. Food Chem 2024; 439:138113. [PMID: 38043276 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Detection of viable Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a major challenge due to its significant risk to food safety and human health. Herein, we developed a phagomagnetic separation-ATP bioluminescence (PhMS-BL) assay based on phage VPHZ6 for rapid and sensitive detection of viable V. parahaemolyticus. Phage as a recognition element was coupled to magnetic beads to capture and enrich V. parahaemolyticus, shortening detection time and improving method sensitivity. The intracellular ATP released by chemical lysis using CTAB was quantified using firefly fluorescein-adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence system to detect viable bacteria. So, PhMS-BL method was able to detect V. parahaemolyticus in a linear range of 2.3 × 102 to 1.3 × 107 CFU mL-1, with a detection limit of 78 CFU mL-1 within 15 min. It is successfully applied to detect V. parahaemolyticus in spiked lake water, lobster tail meat, and clam meat. The developed detection strategy can rapidly and sensitively detect viable V. parahaemolyticus in food matrixes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Du
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yifeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuanshang Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yanchun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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5
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Chaudhary V, Kajla P, Lather D, Chaudhary N, Dangi P, Singh P, Pandiselvam R. Bacteriophages: a potential game changer in food processing industry. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38228500 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2299768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In the food industry, despite the widespread use of interventions such as preservatives and thermal and non-thermal processing technologies to improve food safety, incidences of foodborne disease continue to happen worldwide, prompting the search for alternative strategies. Bacteriophages, commonly known as phages, have emerged as a promising alternative for controlling pathogenic bacteria in food. This review emphasizes the potential applications of phages in biological sciences, food processing, and preservation, with a particular focus on their role as biocontrol agents for improving food quality and preservation. By shedding light on recent developments and future possibilities, this review highlights the significance of phages in the food industry. Additionally, it addresses crucial aspects such as regulatory status and safety concerns surrounding the use of bacteriophages. The inclusion of up-to-date literature further underscores the relevance of phage-based strategies in reducing foodborne pathogenic bacteria's presence in both food and the production environment. As we look ahead, new phage products are likely to be targeted against emerging foodborne pathogens. This will further advance the efficacy of approaches that are based on phages in maintaining the safety and security of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Chaudhary
- Department of Dairy Technology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Kajla
- Department of Food Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Deepika Lather
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Nisha Chaudhary
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Priya Dangi
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Food Technology, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Punit Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, GLA University Mathura, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Pandiselvam
- Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology Division, ICAR -Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
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Choe J, Kim SH, Han JM, Kim JH, Kwak MS, Jeong DW, Park MK. Prevalence of Indigenous Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Isolates and Their Application to Explore a Lytic Phage vB_SalS_KFSSM with an Intra-Broad Specificity. J Microbiol 2023; 61:1063-1073. [PMID: 38165607 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The consumption of fresh produce has led to increase in antibiotic-resistant (AR) Salmonella outbreaks. In this study, indigenous Salmonella was isolated from a total of two hundred-two samples including fresh produce and agricultural environmental samples in Korea. After biochemical confirmation using the Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate tests, presumable Salmonella isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Identified Salmonella isolates were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility against twenty-two antibiotics. The specificity and the efficiency of plating (EOP) of vB_SalS_KFSSM were evaluated against fifty-three bacterial strains. Twenty-five suspected Salmonella were isolated and confirmed by the positive result for methyl red and citrate, of which ten were identified as Salmonella spp. through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Eight Salmonella isolates (4.0%, n = 8/202) were resistant to at least one antibiotic, among which five were multi-drug resistant. As a lytic phage against Salmonella spp. CMGS-1, vB_SalS_KFSSM was isolated from cow manure. The phage was observed as a tailed phage belonging to the class Caudoviricetes. It exhibited an intra-broad specificity against four indigenous AR Salmonella isolates, two indigenous Salmonella isolates, and five other Salmonella serotypes with great efficiencies (EOP ≥ 0.75). Thus, this study suggested the potential of vB_SalS_KFSSM to combat indigenous AR Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaein Choe
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyeon Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Han
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- KookminBio Corporation, Seoul, 02826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Kwak
- KookminBio Corporation, Seoul, 02826, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Won Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Park
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Zhao J, Lin Y, Wang C, Zayda M, Maung AT, Mohammadi TN, Duc HM, Yu P, Ma M, Gong D, Sato J, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T, Zeng Z. Biocontrol of Salmonella Typhimurium in milk, lettuce, raw pork meat and ready-to-eat steamed-chicken breast by using a novel bacteriophage with broad host range. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 402:110295. [PMID: 37352774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella spp., one of the most frequently reported bacteria, causes foodborne illness and economic losses. Due to the threat of increasing antibiotic resistant foodborne pathogens, application of bacteriophages as novel antibacterial agents in food matrices has become an emerging strategy. In this study, a novel Salmonella phage PS3-1 with high lytic activity against Salmonella Typhimurium was identified from previously isolated phages. PS3-1 belonged to the class Caudoviricetes with a broad host range, and had relatively short latent period (15 min), large burst size (92 PFU/cell), high pH stability (pH 3.0-11.0) and thermal tolerance (4-60 °C). Genome sequencing analysis showed that PS3-1 genome consisted of 107,110 bp DNA, without antibiotic resistance and virulence related genes. The results of growth curve and time-kill assay showed that PS3-1 not only inhibited the growth of S. Typhimurium, but also effectively decreased the viable cell counts (0.30-4.72 log) after 24-h incubation at 7, 25 and 37 °C (P < 0.05). Moreover, >1.28 log of established biofilm cells were effectively removed after 24-h treatment with PS3-1. Besides, PS3-1 significantly reduced the viability of S. Typhimurium in milk, lettuce, raw pork meat and ready-to-eat steamed-chicken breast at different temperatures (P < 0.05). These results demonstrated that PS3-1 may be an excellent antibacterial agent for controlling S. Typhimurium in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yunzhi Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mahmoud Zayda
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 32897 Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Aye Thida Maung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tahir Noor Mohammadi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hoang Minh Duc
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Maomao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Deming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jun Sato
- Safety Science Research, R&D, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Masuda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Honjoh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Zheling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Kim SH, Lee H, Park MK. Isolation, characterization, and application of a novel, lytic phage vB_SalA_KFSST3 with depolymerase for the control of Salmonella and its biofilm on cantaloupe under cold temperature. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113062. [PMID: 37689855 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy of a novel Salmonella phage with depolymerase activity to control S. Typhimurium (ST) and its biofilm on cantaloupes, for the first time, under simulated cold temperature. vB_SalA_KFSST3 forming a halo zone was isolated and purified from a slaughterhouse with a final concentration of 12.1 ± 0.1 log PFU/mL. Based on the morphological and bioinformatics analyses, vB_SalA_KFSST3 was identified as a novel phage belonging to the family Ackermannviridae. Before employing the phage on cantaloupe, its genetic characteristics, specificity, stability, and bactericidal effect were investigated. Genetic analyses confirmed its safety and identified endolysin and two depolymerase domains possessing antibiofilm potential. In addition, the phage exhibited a broad specificity with great efficiencies toward five Salmonella strains at 4 °C, 22 °C, and 37 °C, as well as stable lytic activity over a wide range of pHs (3 to 11) and temperatures (-20 °C to 60 °C). The optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) and exposure time of phage were determined to be 100 and 2 h, respectively, based on the highest bacterial reduction of ∼2.7 log CFU/mL. Following the formation of ST biofilm on cantaloupe at 4 °C and 22 °C, the cantaloupe was treated with phage at an MOI of 100 for 2 h. The antibiofilm efficacy of phage was evaluated via the plate count method, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The initial biofilm population at 22 °C was significantly greater and more condensed than that at 4 °C. After phage treatment, biofilm population and the percentage of viable ST in biofilm were reduced by ∼4.6 log CFU/cm2 and ∼90% within 2 h, respectively, which were significantly greater than those at 22 °C (∼2.0 log CFU/cm2 and ∼45%) (P < 0.05). SEM images also confirmed more drastic destruction of the cohesive biofilm architecture at 4 °C than at 22 °C. As a result of its cold temperature-robust lytic activity and the contribution of endolysin and two depolymerases, vB_SalA_KFSST3 demonstrated excellent antibiofilm efficacy at cold temperature, highlighting its potential as a promising practical biocontrol agent for the control of ST and its biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyeon Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejeong Lee
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Park
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Food and Bio-Industry Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Imran A, Shehzadi U, Islam F, Afzaal M, Ali R, Ali YA, Chauhan A, Biswas S, Khurshid S, Usman I, Hussain G, Zahra SM, Shah MA, Rasool A. Bacteriophages and food safety: An updated overview. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:3621-3630. [PMID: 37457180 PMCID: PMC10345663 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in pathogen survival and food cleaning measures, foodborne diseases continue to be the main reason for hospitalization or other fatality globally. Conventional antibacterial techniques including pasteurization, pressurized preparation, radioactivity, as well as synthetic antiseptics could indeed decrease bacterial activity in nutrition to variable levels, despite their serious downsides like an elevated upfront outlay, the possibility of accessing malfunctions due to one corrosiveness, as well as an adverse effect upon those the foodstuffs' organoleptic properties and maybe their nutritional significance. Greatest significantly, these cleansing methods eliminate all contaminants, including numerous (often beneficial) bacteria found naturally in food. A huge amount of scientific publication that discussed the application of virus bioremediation to treat a multitude of pathogenic bacteria in meals spanning between prepared raw food to fresh fruit and vegetables although since initial idea through using retroviruses on meals. Furthermore, the quantity of widely viable bacteriophage-containing medicines licensed for use in health and safety purposes has continuously expanded. Bacteriophage bio-control, a leafy and ordinary technique that employs lytic bacteriophages extracted from the atmosphere to selectively target pathogenic bacteria and remove meaningfully decrease their stages meals, is one potential remedy that solves some of these difficulties. It has been suggested that applying bacteriophages to food is a unique method for avoiding bacterial development in vegetables. Because of their selectivity, security, stability, and use, bacteriophages are desirable. Phages have been utilized in post-harvest activities, either alone or in combination with antimicrobial drugs, since they are effective, strain-specific, informal to split and manipulate. In this review to ensure food safety, it may be viable to use retroviruses as a spontaneous treatment in the thread pollution of fresh picked fruits and vegetables, dairy, and convenience foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Imran
- Department of Food Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Umber Shehzadi
- Department of Food Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Islam
- Department of Food Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition NUR International University Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Rehman Ali
- Department of Food Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Yuosra Amer Ali
- Department of Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Forestry University of Mosul Mosul Iraq
| | - Anamika Chauhan
- Department of Home Science Chaman Lal Mahavidyalaya Landhora Haridwar India
- Sri Dev Suman University Tehri India
| | - Sunanda Biswas
- Department of Food & Nutrition Acharya Prafulla Chandra College Kolkata India
| | - Sadaf Khurshid
- Department of Food Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Ifrah Usman
- Department of Food Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Syeda Mahvish Zahra
- Department of Environmental Design, Health and Nutritional Sciences Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad Pakistan
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Mohd Asif Shah
- Adjunct Faculty University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University Mohali India
| | - Adil Rasool
- Department of Management Bakhtar University Kabul Afghanistan
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10
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Liu H, Kheirvari M, Tumban E. Potential Applications of Thermophilic Bacteriophages in One Health. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8222. [PMID: 37175929 PMCID: PMC10179064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages have a wide range of applications such as combating antibiotic resistance, preventing food contamination for food safety, and as biomarkers to indirectly assess the quality of water. Additionally, bacteriophage components (endolysins and coat proteins) have a lot of applications in food processing, vaccine design, and the delivery of cargo to the body. Therefore, bacteriophages/components have a multitude of applications in human, plant/veterinary, and environmental health (One Health). Despite their versatility, bacteriophage/component use is mostly limited to temperatures within 4-40 °C. This limits their applications (e.g., in food processing conditions, pasteurization, and vaccine design). Advances in thermophilic bacteriophage research have uncovered novel thermophilic endolysins (e.g., ΦGVE2 amidase and MMPphg) that can be used in food processing and in veterinary medicine. The endolysins are thermostable at temperatures > 65 °C and have broad antimicrobial activities. In addition to thermophilic endolysins, enzymes (DNA polymerase and ligases) derived from thermophages have different applications in molecular biology/biotechnology: to generate DNA libraries and develop diagnostics for human and animal pathogens. Furthermore, coat proteins from thermophages are being explored to develop virus-like particle platforms with versatile applications in human and animal health. Overall, bacteriophages, especially those that are thermophilic, have a plethora of applications in One Health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ebenezer Tumban
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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Elois MA, da Silva R, Pilati GVT, Rodríguez-Lázaro D, Fongaro G. Bacteriophages as Biotechnological Tools. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020349. [PMID: 36851563 PMCID: PMC9963553 DOI: 10.3390/v15020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are ubiquitous organisms that can be specific to one or multiple strains of hosts, in addition to being the most abundant entities on the planet. It is estimated that they exceed ten times the total number of bacteria. They are classified as temperate, which means that phages can integrate their genome into the host genome, originating a prophage that replicates with the host cell and may confer immunity against infection by the same type of phage; and lytics, those with greater biotechnological interest and are viruses that lyse the host cell at the end of its reproductive cycle. When lysogenic, they are capable of disseminating bacterial antibiotic resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer. When professionally lytic-that is, obligately lytic and not recently descended from a temperate ancestor-they become allies in bacterial control in ecological imbalance scenarios; these viruses have a biofilm-reducing capacity. Phage therapy has also been advocated by the scientific community, given the uniqueness of issues related to the control of microorganisms and biofilm production when compared to other commonly used techniques. The advantages of using bacteriophages appear as a viable and promising alternative. This review will provide updates on the landscape of phage applications for the biocontrol of pathogens in industrial settings and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Alves Elois
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael da Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Giulia Von Tönnemann Pilati
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - David Rodríguez-Lázaro
- Microbiology Division, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
- Research Centre for Emerging Pathogens and Global Health, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Zaki BM, Fahmy NA, Aziz RK, Samir R, El-Shibiny A. Characterization and comprehensive genome analysis of novel bacteriophage, vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p, with lytic and anti-biofilm potential against clinical multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1077995. [PMID: 36756618 PMCID: PMC9901506 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1077995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rise of infections by antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens is alarming. Among these, Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of death by hospital-acquired infections, and its multidrug-resistant strains are flagged as a global threat to human health, which necessitates finding novel antibiotics or alternative therapies. One promising therapeutic alternative is the use of virulent bacteriophages, which specifically target bacteria and coevolve with them to overcome potential resistance. Here, we aimed to discover specific bacteriophages with therapeutic potential against multiresistant K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. Methods and Results Out of six bacteriophages that we isolated from urban and medical sewage, phage vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p had the broadest host range and was thus characterized in detail. Transmission electron microscopy suggests vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p to be a tailed phage of the siphoviral morphotype. In vitro evaluation indicated a high lytic efficiency (30 min latent period and burst size of ∼100 PFU/cell), and extended stability at temperatures up to 70°C and a wide range of (2-12) pH. Additionally, phage vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p possesses antibiofilm activity that was evaluated by the crystal violet assay and was not cytotoxic to human skin fibroblasts. The whole genome was sequenced and annotated, uncovering one tRNA gene and 33 genes encoding proteins with assigned functions out of 85 predicted genes. Furthermore, comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis suggest that vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p most likely represents a new species, but belongs to the same genus as Klebsiella phages ZCKP8 and 6691. Comprehensive genomic and bioinformatics analyses substantiate the safety of the phage and its strictly lytic lifestyle. Conclusion Phage vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p is a novel phage with potential to be used against biofilm-forming K. pneumoniae and could be a promising source for antibacterial and antibiofilm products, which will be individually studied experimentally in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishoy Maher Zaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October, Giza, Egypt,Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Biomedical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nada A. Fahmy
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Biomedical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ramy Karam Aziz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,Center for Genome and Microbiome Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,Microbiology and Immunology Research Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham Samir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,Center for Genome and Microbiome Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,*Correspondence: Reham Samir, ; Ayman El-Shibiny,
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Biomedical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt,Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish, Egypt,*Correspondence: Reham Samir, ; Ayman El-Shibiny,
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Yang B, Wang Y, Gao L, Rao SQ, Zhou WY, Yang ZQ, Jiao XA, Mintah BK, Dabbour M. Isolation and genomic characterization of Vmp-1 using Vibrio mimicus as the host: A novel virulent bacteriophage capable of cross-species lysis against three Vibrio spp. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105948. [PMID: 36526034 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio mimicus is a zoonotic pathogen that is widely distributed in aquatic habitats/environments (marine coastal water, estuaries, etc). The development of biocontrol agents for V. mimicus is imperative for the prevention and control of aquatic animal diseases and human food-borne infections. In this study, a broad-spectrum bacteriophage Vmp-1 was isolated from dealt aquatic product in a local market by double-layer agar plate method using V. mimicus CICC21613 as the host bacteria. Results indicated that Vmp-1, which belongs to the family Podoviridae, showed good pH tolerance (pH 3.0-12.0) and thermal stability (30-50 °C). The optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of Vmp-1 was 0.001 for a 20-min incubation and 100-min lysis period. Vmp-1 effectively controlled V. mimicus CICC21613 in LBS model (MOI = 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1) within 8 h. The full length of the Vmp-1 genome was 43,312 bp, with average GC content of 49.5%, and a total of 44 protein-coding regions. This study provides a novel phage strain that has the highest homology with vB_VpP_HA5 (GenBank: OK585159.1, 95.96%) for the development of biocontrol agents for V. mimicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Lu Gao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Sheng-Qi Rao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Wen-Yuan Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Zhen-Quan Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
| | - Xin-An Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | | | - Mokhtar Dabbour
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, P.O. Box 13736, Moshtohor, Qaluobia, Egypt
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Kim S, Chang Y. Anti-Salmonella polyvinyl alcohol coating containing a virulent phage PBSE191 and its application on chicken eggshell. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Vikram A, Callahan MT, Woolston JW, Sharma M, Sulakvelidze A. Phage biocontrol for reducing bacterial foodborne pathogens in produce and other foods. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102805. [PMID: 36162186 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogen contamination causes approximately 47 million cases of foodborne illness in the United States and renders thousands of pounds of food products inedible, aggravating the already dire situation of food loss. Reducing foodborne contamination not only improves overall global public health but also reduces food waste and loss. Phage biocontrol or phage-mediated reduction of bacterial foodborne pathogens in various foods has been gaining interest recently as an effective and environmentally friendly food-safety approach. Consequently, several commercial phage-based food-safety products have been developed and are increasingly implemented by the food industry in the United States. This review focuses on the use of phage biocontrol in mitigating bacterial pathogen contamination in various food products with a special emphasis on applications to fresh produce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manan Sharma
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States
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Mhone AL, Makumi A, Odaba J, Guantai L, Gunathilake KMD, Loignon S, Ngugi CW, Akhwale JK, Moineau S, Svitek N. Salmonella Enteritidis Bacteriophages Isolated from Kenyan Poultry Farms Demonstrate Time-Dependent Stability in Environments Mimicking the Chicken Gastrointestinal Tract. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081788. [PMID: 36016410 PMCID: PMC9416366 DOI: 10.3390/v14081788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica Enteritidis is one of the major causes of foodborne illnesses worldwide. This non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovar is mainly transmitted to humans through poultry products. Bacteriophages (phages) offer an alternative to antibiotics for reducing the incidence of MDR NTS in poultry farms. Phages that survive the harsh environment of the chicken gastrointestinal tract (cGIT), which have low pH, high temperatures, and several enzymes, may have a higher therapeutic or prophylactic potential. In this study, we analysed the stability of 10 different S. Enteritidis phages isolated from Kenyan poultry farms in different pH-adjusted media, incubation temperatures, as well as simulated gastric and intestinal fluids (SGF and SIF, respectively). Furthermore, their ability to persist in water sources available in Kenya, including river, borehole, rain and tap water, was assessed. All phages were relatively stable for 12 h at pHs ranging from 5 to 9 and at temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 42 °C. At pH 3, a loss in viral titre of up to three logs was observed after 3 h of incubation. In SGF, phages were stable for 20 min, after which they started losing infectivity. Phages were relatively stable in SIF for up to 2 h. The efficacy of phages to control Salmonella growth was highly reduced in pH 2- and pH 3-adjusted media and in SGF at pH 2.5, but less affected in SIF at pH 8. River water had the most significant detrimental effect on phages, while the other tested waters had a limited impact on the phages. Our data suggest that these phages may be administered to chickens through drinking water and may survive cGIT to prevent salmonellosis in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Lucky Mhone
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Angela Makumi
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Josiah Odaba
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Linda Guantai
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - K. M. Damitha Gunathilake
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Loignon
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Caroline Wangari Ngugi
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Juliah Khayeli Akhwale
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Sylvain Moineau
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Félix d’Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nicholas Svitek
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Correspondence:
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Isolation, Partial Characterization and Application of Bacteriophages in Eradicating Biofilm Formation by Bacillus cereus on Stainless Steel Surfaces in Food Processing Facilities. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080872. [PMID: 36014993 PMCID: PMC9414048 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) group is a widespread foodborne pathogen with a persistent ability to form biofilm, and with inherent resistance to traditional treatment in the food industry. Bacteriophages are a promising biocontrol agent that could be applied to prevent or eliminate biofilms formation. We have described, in this study, the isolation from sewage samples and preliminary characterization of bacteriophages that are active against the B. cereus group. The effectiveness of phage treatment for reducing B. cereus attachment and biofilms on stainless steel surfaces has been also assessed using three incubation periods at different titrations of each phage. Out of 62 phages isolated, seven showed broad-spectrum lytic action against 174 B. cereus isolates. All selected phages appeared to be of the Siphoviridae family. SDS-PAGE proved that two phages have a similar profile, while the remainder are distinct. All isolated phages have the same restriction pattern, with an estimated genome size of around 37 kb. The isolated bacteriophages have been shown to be effective in preventing biofilm formation. Reductions of up to 1.5 log10 UFC/cm2 have been achieved, compared to the untreated biofilms. Curative treatment reduced the bacterial density by 0.5 log10 UFC/cm2. These results support the prospect of using these phages as a potential alternative strategy for controlling biofilms in food systems.
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Chen CW, Yuan L, Zhang YS, Mgomi FC, Wang Y, Yang ZQ, Jiao XA. Comparision of biological and genomic characteristics of five virulent bacteriophages against Enterobacter hormaechei. Microb Pathog 2022; 162:105375. [PMID: 34974119 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Enterobacter hormaechei is a zoonotic bacteria that may cause respiratory diseases in animals and neonatal sepsis in humans. Bacteriophages are increasingly considered as potential biocontrol agents to control pathogens in the food industry. In this study, five E. hormaechei virulent phages, named as Ehp-YZU08, Ehp-YZU10, Ehp-YZU9-1, Ehp-YZU9-2 and Ehp-YZU9-3, were isolated from sewage in China and analyzed for their biological and whole-genome characteristics, and a comparative genomic analysis was performed to study the functional genes and phylogenetic evolution of phages. The results showed that four of the phage strains belong to the Podoviridae family and one belongs to the Myoviridae family. The burst sizes were 70-283 PFU/cell after a latent period of 5-40 min. Phages were able to survive in a pH range of 5-10 and resist temperatures up to 60 °C for 60 min. The sequencing results showed that the full length of the genomes of the five phages ranged from 39,502 to 173,418 bp. Each phage contained multiple genes related to phage replication, and genes related to bacterial virulence or drug resistance were not found. The five phages belonged to three different groups by a construction of a phylogenetic tree, and the significant genetic evolutionary distance from each E. hormaechei phage was observed. The inhibition assay showed that all five phages could completely inhibit the growth of E. hormaechei at 37 °C within 8 h, suggesting that the phages in this study have great potential for the development of biocontrol agents against E. hormaechei in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao-Wei Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Lei Yuan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Yuan-Song Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Fedrick C Mgomi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Zhen-Quan Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
| | - Xin-An Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
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20
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Wójcicki M, Średnicka P, Błażejak S, Gientka I, Kowalczyk M, Emanowicz P, Świder O, Sokołowska B, Juszczuk-Kubiak E. Characterization and Genome Study of Novel Lytic Bacteriophages against Prevailing Saprophytic Bacterial Microflora of Minimally Processed Plant-Based Food Products. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12460. [PMID: 34830335 PMCID: PMC8624825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The food industry is still searching for novel solutions to effectively ensure the microbiological safety of food, especially fresh and minimally processed food products. Nowadays, the use of bacteriophages as potential biological control agents in microbiological food safety and preservation is a promising strategy. The aim of the study was the isolation and comprehensive characterization of novel bacteriophages with lytic activity against saprophytic bacterial microflora of minimally processed plant-based food products, such as mixed leaf salads. From 43 phages isolated from municipal sewage, four phages, namely Enterobacter phage KKP 3263, Citrobacter phage KKP 3664, Enterobacter phage KKP 3262, and Serratia phage KKP 3264 have lytic activity against Enterobacter ludwigii KKP 3083, Citrobacter freundii KKP 3655, Enterobacter cloacae KKP 3082, and Serratia fonticola KKP 3084 bacterial strains, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) identified Enterobacter phage KKP 3263 as an Autographiviridae, and Citrobacter phage KKP 3664, Enterobacter phage KKP 3262, and Serratia phage KKP 3264 as members of the Myoviridae family. Genome sequencing revealed that these phages have linear double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with sizes of 39,418 bp (KKP 3263), 61,608 bp (KKP 3664), 84,075 bp (KKP 3262), and 148,182 bp (KKP 3264). No antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors, integrase, recombinase, or repressors, which are the main markers of lysogenic viruses, were annotated in phage genomes. Serratia phage KKP 3264 showed the greatest growth inhibition of Serratia fonticola KKP 3084 strain. The use of MOI 1.0 caused an almost 5-fold decrease in the value of the specific growth rate coefficient. The phages retained their lytic activity in a wide range of temperatures (from -20 °C to 50 °C) and active acidity values (pH from 4 to 11). All phages retained at least 70% of lytic activity at 60 °C. At 80 °C, no lytic activity against tested bacterial strains was observed. Serratia phage KKP 3264 was the most resistant to chemical factors, by maintaining high lytic activity across a broader range of pH from 3 to 11. The results indicated that these phages could be a potential biological control agent against saprophytic bacterial microflora of minimally processed plant-based food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wójcicki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (P.Ś.); (M.K.); (P.E.)
| | - Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (P.Ś.); (M.K.); (P.E.)
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166 Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (S.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Iwona Gientka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166 Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (S.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Monika Kowalczyk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (P.Ś.); (M.K.); (P.E.)
| | - Paulina Emanowicz
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (P.Ś.); (M.K.); (P.E.)
| | - Olga Świder
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Barbara Sokołowska
- Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (P.Ś.); (M.K.); (P.E.)
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Makumi A, Mhone AL, Odaba J, Guantai L, Svitek N. Phages for Africa: The Potential Benefit and Challenges of Phage Therapy for the Livestock Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091085. [PMID: 34572667 PMCID: PMC8470919 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the world’s fastest-growing human populations is in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), accounting for more than 950 million people, which is approximately 13% of the global population. Livestock farming is vital to SSA as a source of food supply, employment, and income. With this population increase, meeting this demand and the choice for a greater income and dietary options come at a cost and lead to the spread of zoonotic diseases to humans. To control these diseases, farmers have opted to rely heavily on antibiotics more often to prevent disease than for treatment. The constant use of antibiotics causes a selective pressure to build resistant bacteria resulting in the emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms in the environment. This necessitates the use of alternatives such as bacteriophages in curbing zoonotic pathogens. This review covers the underlying problems of antibiotic use and resistance associated with livestock farming in SSA, bacteriophages as a suitable alternative, what attributes contribute to making bacteriophages potentially valuable for SSA and recent research on bacteriophages in Africa. Furthermore, other topics discussed include the creation of phage biobanks and the challenges facing this kind of advancement, and the regulatory aspects of phage development in SSA with a focus on Kenya.
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22
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Zhou WY, Sun SF, Zhang YS, Hu Q, Zheng XF, Yang ZQ, Jiao XA. Isolation and Characterization of a Virulent Bacteriophage for Controlling Salmonella Enteritidis Growth in Ready-to-Eat Mixed-Ingredient Salads. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1629-1639. [PMID: 33793776 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ready-to-eat vegetable salads have gained popularity worldwide. However, the microbial safety of these salads is a health concern, primarily due to Salmonella Enteritidis contamination during the growing, harvesting, processing, and handling of produce. In this study, a bacteriophage-based strategy was developed to control Salmonella Enteritidis growth in mixed-ingredient salads. The lytic Salmonella-specific phage SapYZU01 was isolated from a soil sample from a suburban vegetable field in Yangzhou (People's Republic of China). SapYZU01 has a short latent period, a large burst size, and a lytic effect against 13 Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from various sources (human samples, pork, deli foods, chickens, and chicken meat). The SapYZU01 genome did not contain virulence or antibiotic resistance genes. SapYZU01 significantly decreased the viability of Salmonella Enteritidis cells in iceberg lettuce, chicken meat, and mixed-ingredient (lettuce plus chicken) salads at 37 and 25°C. Bacterial levels in the salad decreased significantly (by 4.0 log CFU/g) at 25°C after treatment of contaminated lettuce before salad preparation with SapYZU01 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100. Bacterial levels were decreased by 3.8 log CFU/g at 25°C in lettuce plus chicken salads treated after the salad preparation with SapYZU01 at an MOI of 100. In contrast, treating cooked chicken meat with SapYZU01 at an MOI of 100 before mixing it with contaminated lettuce decreased the bacterial level of the salad by 1.2 log CFU/g at 25°C. These findings indicate the potential application of SapYZU01 as a natural biocontrol agent against Salmonella Enteritidis in mixed-ingredient salads. However, both the treatment method and the bacteriophage MOI must be considered when using this lytic bacteriophage in mixed-ingredient salads. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Fan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Song Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Feng Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Quan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-An Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, People's Republic of China
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23
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Huang Z, Zhang Z, Tong J, Malakar PK, Chen L, Liu H, Pan Y, Zhao Y. Phages and their lysins: Toolkits in the battle against foodborne pathogens in the postantibiotic era. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:3319-3343. [PMID: 33938116 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, foods waste caused by putrefactive organisms and diseases caused by foodborne pathogens persist as public health problems even with a plethora of modern antimicrobials. Our over reliance on antimicrobials use in agriculture, medicine, and other fields will lead to a postantibiotic era where bacterial genotypic resistance, phenotypic adaptation, and other bacterial evolutionary strategies cause antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This AMR is evidenced by the emergence of multiple drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and pan-resistant (PDR) bacteria, which produces cross-contamination in multiple fields and poses a more serious threat to food safety. A "red queen premise" surmises that the coevolution of phages and bacteria results in an evolutionary arms race that compels phages to adapt and survive bacterial antiphage strategies. Phages and their lysins are therefore useful toolkits in the design of novel antimicrobials in food protection and foodborne pathogens control, and the modality of using phages as a targeted vector against foodborne pathogens is gaining momentum based on many encouraging research outcomes. In this review, we discuss the rationale of using phages and their lysins as weapons against spoilage organisms and foodborne pathogens, and outline the targeted conquest or dodge mechanism of phages and the development of novel phage prospects. We also highlight the implementation of phages and their lysins to control foodborne pathogens in a farm-table-hospital domain in the postantibiotic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jinrong Tong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pradeep K Malakar
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Haiquan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
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24
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Tan CW, Rukayadi Y, Hasan H, Abdul-Mutalib NA, Jambari NN, Hara H, Thung TY, Lee E, Radu S. Isolation and Characterization of Six Vibrio parahaemolyticus Lytic Bacteriophages From Seafood Samples. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:616548. [PMID: 33776954 PMCID: PMC7987779 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.616548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a foodborne pathogen that is frequently isolated from a variety of seafood. To control this pathogenic Vibrio spp., the implementation of bacteriophages in aquaculture and food industries have shown a promising alternative to antibiotics. In this study, six bacteriophages isolated from the seafood samples demonstrated a narrow host range specificity that infecting only the V. parahaemolyticus strains. Morphological analysis revealed that bacteriophages Vp33, Vp22, Vp21, and Vp02 belong to the Podoviridae family, while bacteriophages Vp08 and Vp11 were categorized into the Siphoviridae family. All bacteriophages were composed of DNA genome and showed distinctive restriction fragment length polymorphism. The optimal MOI for bacteriophage propagation was determined to be 0.001 to 1. One-step growth curve revealed that the latent period ranged from 10 to 20 min, and the burst size of bacteriophage was approximately 17 to 51 PFU/cell. The influence of temperature and pH levels on the stability of bacteriophages showed that all bacteriophages were optimally stable over a wide range of temperatures and pH levels. In vitro lytic activity of all bacteriophages demonstrated to have a significant effect against V. parahaemolyticus. Besides, the application of a bacteriophage cocktail instead of a single bacteriophage suspension was observed to have a better efficiency to control the growth of V. parahaemolyticus. Results from this study provided a basic understanding of the physiological and biological properties of the isolated bacteriophages before it can be readily used as a biocontrol agent against the growth of V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Wanq Tan
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yaya Rukayadi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hanan Hasan
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor-Azira Abdul-Mutalib
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nuzul Noorahya Jambari
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hirofumi Hara
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tze Young Thung
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Epeng Lee
- Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Son Radu
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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25
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Biocontrol of Salmonella Enteritidis on chicken meat and skin using lytic SE-P3, P16, P37, and P47 bacteriophages. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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27
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Kosznik-Kwaśnicka K, Ciemińska K, Grabski M, Grabowski Ł, Górniak M, Jurczak-Kurek A, Węgrzyn G, Węgrzyn A. Characteristics of a Series of Three Bacteriophages Infecting Salmonella enterica Strains. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176152. [PMID: 32858954 PMCID: PMC7503781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular and functional characterization of a series of three bacteriophages, vB_SenM-1, vB_SenM-2, and vB_SenS-3, infecting various Salmonella enterica serovars and strains is presented. All these phages were able to develop lytically while not forming prophages. Moreover, they were able to survive at pH 3. The phages revealed different host ranges within serovars and strains of S. enterica, different adsorption rates on host cells, and different lytic growth kinetics at various temperatures (in the range of 25 to 42 °C). They efficiently reduced the number of cells in the bacterial biofilm and decreased the biofilm mass. Whole genome sequences of these phages have been determined and analyzed, including their phylogenetic relationships. In conclusion, we have demonstrated detailed characterization of a series of three bacteriophages, vB_SenM-1, vB_SenM-2, and vB_SenS-3, which reveal favorable features in light of their potential use in phage therapy of humans and animals, as well as for food protection purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kosznik-Kwaśnicka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (K.K.-K.); (Ł.G.)
| | - Karolina Ciemińska
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.C.); (M.G.); (G.W.)
| | - Michał Grabski
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.C.); (M.G.); (G.W.)
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Łukasz Grabowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (K.K.-K.); (Ł.G.)
| | - Marcin Górniak
- Department of Molecular Evolution, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (M.G.); (A.J.-K.)
| | - Agata Jurczak-Kurek
- Department of Molecular Evolution, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (M.G.); (A.J.-K.)
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.C.); (M.G.); (G.W.)
| | - Alicja Węgrzyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (K.K.-K.); (Ł.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-523-6024
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28
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Gambino M, Nørgaard Sørensen A, Ahern S, Smyrlis G, Gencay YE, Hendrix H, Neve H, Noben JP, Lavigne R, Brøndsted L. Phage S144, A New Polyvalent Phage Infecting Salmonella spp. and Cronobacter sakazakii. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155196. [PMID: 32707941 PMCID: PMC7432712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phages are generally considered species- or even strain-specific, yet polyvalent phages are able to infect bacteria from different genera. Here, we characterize the novel polyvalent phage S144, a member of the Loughboroughvirus genus. By screening 211 Enterobacteriaceae strains, we found that phage S144 forms plaques on specific serovars of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica and on Cronobacter sakazakii. Analysis of phage resistant mutants suggests that the O-antigen of lipopolysaccharide is the phage receptor in both bacterial genera. The S144 genome consists of 53,628 bp and encodes 80 open reading frames (ORFs), but no tRNA genes. In total, 32 ORFs coding for structural proteins were confirmed by ESI-MS/MS analysis, whereas 45 gene products were functionally annotated within DNA metabolism, packaging, nucleotide biosynthesis and phage morphogenesis. Transmission electron microscopy showed that phage S144 is a myovirus, with a prolate head and short tail fibers. The putative S144 tail fiber structure is, overall, similar to the tail fiber of phage Mu and the C-terminus shows amino acid similarity to tail fibers of otherwise unrelated phages infecting Cronobacter. Since all phages in the Loughboroughvirus genus encode tail fibers similar to S144, we suggest that phages in this genus infect Cronobacter sakazakii and are polyvalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Gambino
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.N.S.); (S.A.); (G.S.); (Y.E.G.)
| | - Anders Nørgaard Sørensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.N.S.); (S.A.); (G.S.); (Y.E.G.)
| | - Stephen Ahern
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.N.S.); (S.A.); (G.S.); (Y.E.G.)
| | - Georgios Smyrlis
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.N.S.); (S.A.); (G.S.); (Y.E.G.)
| | - Yilmaz Emre Gencay
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.N.S.); (S.A.); (G.S.); (Y.E.G.)
| | - Hanne Hendrix
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (H.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Horst Neve
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, 24103 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Jean-Paul Noben
- Biomedical Research Institute and Transnational University Limburg, Hasselt University, BE3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (H.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Lone Brøndsted
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.N.S.); (S.A.); (G.S.); (Y.E.G.)
- Correspondence:
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