Pink pepper extract as a natural antioxidant in chicken burger: Effects on oxidative stability and dynamic sensory profile using Temporal Dominance of Sensations

Multi-attribute temporal descriptive methods in sensory analysis applied in food science: A systematic scoping review

Among descriptive sensory evaluation methods, temporal methods have a wide audience in food science because they make it possible to follow perception as close as possible to the moment when sensations are perceived. The aim of this work was to describe 30 years of research involving temporal methods by mapping the scientific literature using a systematic scoping review. Thus, 363 research articles found from a search in Scopus and Web of Science from 1991 to 2022 were included. The extracted data included information on the implementation of studies referring to the use of temporal methods (details related to subjects, products, descriptors, research design, data analysis, etc.), reasons why they were used and the conclusions they allowed to be drawn. Metadata analysis and critical appraisal were also carried out. A quantitative and qualitative synthesis of the results allowed the identification of trends in the way in which the methods were developed, refined, and disseminated. Overall, a large heterogeneity was noted in the way in which the temporal measurements were carried out and the results presented. Some critical research gaps in establishing the validity and reliability of temporal methods have also been identified. They were mostly related to the details of implementation of the methods (e.g., almost no justification for the number of consumers included in the studies, absence of report on panel repeatability) and data analysis (e.g., prevalence of use of exploratory data analysis, only 20% of studies using confirmatory analyses considering the dynamic nature of the data). These results suggest the need for general guidelines on how to implement the method, analyze and interpret data, and report the results. Thus, a template and checklist for reporting data and results were proposed to help increase the quality of future research.

Comparative analysis of the use of natural and synthetic antioxidants in chicken meat: an update review

The search for healthy foods has attracted the industry's attention to developing products that use natural ingredients, including natural antioxidants. Antioxidants act as free radicals or oxygen scavengers, inhibiting lipid oxidation and adversely affecting meat products' sensory and nutritional quality. Several synthetic antioxidants have been used in the meat industry; however, studies point to health risks related to their consumption. Such fact drives research into natural antioxidants extracted from grains, oilseeds, spices, fruits, and vegetables, which may have a health-promoting effect. This manuscript evaluates the effectiveness of several natural antioxidants in improving the quality and shelf life of chicken meat products during processing, storage, and distribution. The potential effects of natural antioxidants widely used in chicken products are also discussed. It can be concluded that these natural antioxidants are possible substitutes for synthetic ones. However, their use can affect the product's characteristics.

Plant Antioxidants in Dry Fermented Meat Products with a Healthier Lipid Profile

Consumers' perception of meat products has changed in recent years, which has led to an increased interest in healthier meat products. In response to this demand, academia and industry have made efforts to reformulate meat products, especially dry fermented meat products, which are known for their high fat contents, mainly saturated fat. The use of plant or marine oils stabilized in emulsion gels (EGs) or oil-bulking agents (OBAs) as animal fat replacers has been one of the most advantageous strategies to reformulate dry fermented meat products with a healthier lipid content (quality and quantity), but an increase in their polyunsaturated fatty acid content can trigger a significant increase in lipid oxidation, negatively affecting sensory and nutritional quality. The use of antioxidants is the main strategy to delay this deteriorative reaction, but the controversy around the safety and toxicity of synthetic antioxidants has driven consumers and industry toward the use of plant antioxidants, such as phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and some vitamins and minerals. This review provides information about the use of plant antioxidants to control lipid oxidation of dry fermented meat products with healthier lipids.

Oxidative stability of chicken burgers using organic coffee husk extract

The antioxidant capacity of organic coffee husk extract (Coffee arabica L.) added to chicken burgers was evaluated. Two formulations were prepared: with addition of the extract (100 and 200 ppm CAE/kg), in addition to control formulations without the addition of antioxidant, and with the addition of synthetic antioxidant. The products were characterized by physical and chemical analysis and analyzed for oxidative stability during 45 days of storage under freezing. The addition of extract in the proportion of 200 ppm CAE/kg of hamburger revealed efficacy against lipid oxidation equivalent to treatment with a synthetic antioxidant. As for protein oxidation, there was no pro or antioxidant influence in the treatments. The addition of organic coffee husk extract to chicken hamburgers is thus indicated, being considered as a potential natural additive. In addition, the use of coffee husks helps to minimize the lager amounts of agro-industrial by-products generated by the coffee industry.

Addition of Natural Extracts with Antioxidant Function to Preserve the Quality of Meat Products

Antioxidants are used to prevent oxidation reactions and inhibit the development of unwanted sensory characteristics that decrease the nutritional quality, acceptance, and shelf-life of processed meat products, improving their stability. Synthetic antioxidants, although efficient, are related to the development of diseases because they present toxic and carcinogenic effects. Thus, researchers and the meat industry are studying natural alternatives to synthetic antioxidants to be used in meat products, thus meeting the demand of consumers who seek foods without additives in their composition. These natural extracts have compounds that exert antioxidant activity in different meat products by different mechanisms. Thus, this review work aimed to gather studies that applied natural extracts derived from different plant sources as possible antioxidants in meat products and their action in preserving the quality of these products.

Recent advances in the application of nanotechnology to create antioxidant active food packaging materials

Nanotechnology is being used to create innovative food packaging systems that can inhibit the oxidation of foods, thereby improving their quality, safety, and shelf life. These nano-enabled antioxidant packaging materials may therefore increase the healthiness and sustainability of the food supply chain. Recent progress in the application of nanotechnology to create antioxidant packaging materials is reviewed in this paper. The utilization of nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanocrystals, and nanoemulsions to incorporate antioxidants into these packaging materials is highlighted. The application of nano-enabled antioxidant packaging materials to preserve meat, seafood, fruit, vegetable, and other foods is then discussed. Finally, future directions and challenges in the development of this kind of active packaging material are highlighted to stimulate new areas of future research. Nanotechnology has already been used to create antioxidant packaging materials that inhibit oxidative deterioration reactions in foods, thereby prolonging their shelf life and reducing food waste. However, the safety, cost, efficacy, and scale-up of this technology still needs to be established before it will be commercially viable for many applications.

Combined effects of processing method and black garlic extract on quality characteristics, antioxidative and fatty acid profile of chicken breast

The combined effects of pretreated black garlic (BG) extract and various cooking methods were investigated. The chicken breast was prepared at a uniform size of 5 × 5 × 1.5 cm and randomly allocated into 12 treatment groups that were placed in solutions containing fresh BG extract (1:4, w/v) (positive control), distilled water (negative control), oven-dried BG, and encapsulated BG extract. They were subjected to cooking via sous-vide (SV), boiling, and retorting, for 1 h. Both the BG extract and the different cooking methods modified the physicochemical, antioxidative, and fatty acid profiles of the chicken breast. The antioxidative value was 1.83 to 11.59 times higher than the negative control, with extensive protection from lipid oxidation observed in the oven-dried BG extract, compared the fresh BG treatment. The maltodextrin-encapsulated extract prolonged the protection of the antioxidant BG compounds under high-temperature cooking, and thus, produced the highest antioxidative values. The increase in SFA percentage is a consequence of high-temperature cooking, mainly from the increased proportion of palmitic and stearic acids. A higher percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids was observed under the SV cooking treatments that had BG extract prepared at any pretreatments. The BG lightly protected the linoleic acid during the retorting process. The BG extract treatment improved meat quality by lowering cooking loss (CL), improving water holding capacity (WHC), and provided better visual attributes. This study suggests that an appropriate cooking method, together with the addition of oven-dried BG extract in an either raw or encapsulated form, can improve the functional quality of chicken breast.

Physicochemical, Nutritional, Microbiological, and Sensory Qualities of Chicken Burgers Reformulated with Mediterranean Plant Ingredients and Health-Promoting Compounds

The quality of chicken burgers reformulated by the partial replacement of meat by Mediterranean plant ingredients and enriched with peculiar amounts of n-3 PUFAs, Mg, Fe, Se, and folic acid, was evaluated in comparison to conventional chicken burgers. Specifically, two types of burger were developed, namely the "Sicilian burger"-based on cherry tomato and rosemary-and the "Mediterranean burger"-with basil leaves and thyme essential oil-every recipe being differentially functionalized according to the nutritional requirements of consumers, such as children, pregnant women and elderly. Mediterranean ingredients were responsible for different pH, color, and cooking loss between conventional and functional burgers. Except for n-3 PUFAs resulting poorly fortified, the functionalization with Mg, Fe, Se, and vitamin B9 was successful in all products. Considering the target consumer categories, the daily consumption of the functional burger may assure an intake of Mg, Fe, and Se equal, respectively, to 37.31-59.90%, 17.76-46.81%, and 27.20-50.05%, and a cover of vitamin B9 of 31.98-48.31% of the relative population reference intakes. Fortified products kept a good microbiological quality during 5 days of refrigerated storage, and, according to the sensorial descriptive analysis and the hedonic test, they showed a higher acceptability than conventional burgers.

Terpenoids and Polyphenols as Natural Antioxidant Agents in Food Preservation

Synthetic antioxidant food additives, such as BHA, BHT and TBHQ, are going through a difficult time, since these products generate a negative perception in consumers. This has generated an increased pressure on food manufacturers to search for safer natural alternatives like phytochemicals (such as polyphenols, including flavonoids, and essential oils rich in terpenoids, including carotenoids). These plant bioactive compounds have antioxidant activities widely proven in in vitro tests and in diverse food matrices (meat, fish, oil and vegetables). As tons of food are wasted every year due to aesthetic reasons (lipid oxidation) and premature damage caused by inappropriate packaging, there is an urgent need for natural antioxidants capable of replacing the synthetic ones to meet consumer demands. This review summarizes industrially interesting antioxidant bioactivities associated with terpenoids and polyphenols with respect to the prevention of lipid oxidation in high fat containing foods, such as meat (rich in saturated fat), fish (rich in polyunsaturated fat), oil and vegetable products, while avoiding the generation of rancid flavors and negative visual deterioration (such as color changes due to oxidized lipids). Terpenoids (like monoterpenes and carotenoids) and polyphenols (like quercetin and other flavonoids) are important phytochemicals with a broad range of antioxidant effects. These phytochemicals are widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, including agricultural waste, and are remarkably useful in food preservation, as they show bioactivity as plant antioxidants, able to scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, such as superoxide, hydroxyl or peroxyl radicals in meat and other products, contributing to the prevention of lipid oxidation processes in food matrices.

Characterization of olive oil flavored with Brazilian pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) in different maceration processes

The present study aimed to evaluate two different processes of olive oil aromatization with Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, conventional maceration (CM) and ultrasound-assisted maceration (UM), and their influence on quality parameters, total phenolic compounds (TPC), fatty acid profile (FA), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), antioxidant capacity, and oxidative stability. Flavoring reduced peroxide values, although it increased free fatty acids and extinction coefficients. The flavorization process did not change the FA profile, which showed oleic acid as a major compound. The VOCs varied and the migration of oxygenated monoterpenes were more effective in UM-flavored olive oil compared to its CM counterpart. All flavored olive oils presented higher oxidative stability than the control samples and UM-flavored olive oil was highlighted for its higher antioxidant activity. These findings proved that aromatization with pink pepper assisted by ultrasound may be an alternative to improve olive oil quality and create a new competitive flavored product.

Looking at non-sensory factors underlying consumers' perception of smoked bacon

Smoked bacon is a food consumed everywhere and previous work has focused on the sensory properties and acceptability of the product. However, little attention has been given to the non-sensory factors that drive sensory and hedonic perception of this product. In this context, the aim of this work was to study the influence of non-sensory factors on consumer behavior towards smoked bacon, using projective mapping coupled with conjoint analysis. Eight visual stimuli were created using a full factorial design with three factors (convenience, healthiness, and context of consumption), at two levels each. Ninety-five consumers positioned the stimuli in a two-dimensional space considering their similarities and differences, and then, rated their expected liking and purchase intention. According to the projective mapping, consumers based the representation of the stimuli on the three factors under study, but conjoint analysis indicated that healthiness was the most important factor, followed by the context of consumption and convenience. The findings of this study may help in the selection of future strategies in the process of food development, in order to launch products with greater chance of success in the market.