Influence of bread shape on the sensory characteristics of Galician breads: Development of lexicon, efficacy control of the trained panel and establishment of a sensory profile

Effect of extrusion process on the obtention of a flour from coffee pulp Coffea arabica variety red Caturra and its use in bakery products

The main waste in the coffee industry is the coffee pulp (CP), an interesting source of fiber and phenolic compounds. An alternative for its harnessing can be its transformation into a flour for human consumption, generating added value for a circular economy. The aim of this study was to obtain flour from CP (CPF) using extrusion and the evaluation of its incorporation into a bakery product. Extrusion treatments to get a flour were explored by a factorial design 23, considering the temperature, moisture, and extruder screw revolutions (rpm). Treatments were evaluated for their effects on the proximal composition, phytic acid, caffeine, and phenolic compounds contents of the flours, and baking characteristics such as water absorption (WAI) and water solubility index (WSI). Once the best extrusion treatment was selected, bread formulations were developed, two wheat-based and two gluten-free, which were evaluated using "Flash Profiling". Extrusion treatment 110 °C, 35% moisture, and 17.5 rpm, was selected as the best one to get a flour with good functional properties (WAI:2.94 ± 0.13, WSI:21.02 ± 3.27) and a content of phenolic compounds: 55.14 mg/g and caffeine:14.23 mg/g. Sensorially, good acceptance, up to 15% substitution by flour, was achieved. Extruded CPF could be a food ingredient, at least in bakery products, contributing in the practice of a circular economy.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05797-x.

Characterizing the Rheological and Bread-Making Properties of Wheat Flour Treated by "Gluten FriendlyTM" Technology

After discovering an innovative technology for the reshaping of gluten proteins—the “Gluten Friendly^TM” system—that confers to wheat flour some unprecedented characteristics, such as reduced epitope antigenicity and a positive modulation of the gut microbiota, its effects on the production and quality of bread have been studied. Mainly, we have investigated the chemical, rheological and pasting properties of Gluten Friendly Flour (GFF) and of control flour (CF) with the aim of analyzing and interpreting potential differences. Furthermore, the bread made from GFF and CF was evaluated in terms of microstructure properties and sensory quality. The experiments demonstrated that GFF became soluble in aqueous solution, making it unfeasible to isolate using the Glutomatic apparatus. Although the water absorption of GFF increased by 10% compared to CF, dough elasticity was reduced, and dough stability decreased from 5 to 2 min. A significant increase in the alveograph index (P/L) from 0.63 to 6.31 was detected, whereas pasting properties did not change from the control flour. Despite these profound modifications in the rheological properties, GFF exhibited a high ability to shape dough and to produce bread with high quality and negligible differences from the control bread in terms of appearance, taste, aroma, color and texture.