The effects of Hierba Santa (Piper auritum Kunth) on the inhibition of lipid oxidation in beef burgers

Piper auritum ethanol extract is a potent antimutagen against food-borne aromatic amines: mechanisms of action and chemical composition

An ethanol extract of Piper auritum leaves (PAEE) inhibits the mutagenic effect of three food-borne aromatic amines (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP); 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx); 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx)) in the TA98 Salmonella typhimurium strain. Preincubation with MeIQx demonstrated in mutagenesis experiments that inhibition of Cytochrome P450 (CYP), as well as direct interaction between component(s) of the plant extract with mutagens, might account for the antimutagenic observed effect. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis revealed that safrole (50.7%), α-copaene (7.7%), caryophyllene (7.2%), β-pinene (4.2%), γ-terpinene (4.1%), and pentadecane (4.1%) as the main components (PAEE). Piper extract and safrole were able to inhibit the rat liver microsomal CYP1A1 activity that participates in the amines metabolism, leading to the formation of the ultimate mutagenic/ molecules. According to this, safrole and PAEE-inhibited MeIQx mutagenicity but not that of the direct mutagen 2-nitrofluorene. No mutagenicity of plant extract or safrole was detected. This study shows that PAEE and its main component safrole are associated with the inhibition of heterocyclic amines activation due in part to the inhibition of CYP1A subfamily activity.

Characterization, antioxidant activity and potential application fractionalized Szechuan pepper on fresh beef meat as natural preservative

The pericarp of Szechuan pepper is rich in phenols and alkylamides, making it a potential source of antioxidant compounds. Despite being recognized as the primary antioxidants in Szechuan pepper, there is still limited knowledge about their application in real food systems. This study aims to identify, separate, and apply polyphenol and alkylamide fractions derived from Szechuan extracts to beef meat. Using HPLC-MS2, we identified 5 phenols and 11 alkylamides in Szechuan extracts. The quality of the minced meat was evaluated based on color, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes, carbonyl content, Sulfhydryl content, microbiological content, and total volatile basic nitrogen content (TVB-N). Compared to the polyphenol fraction (1.25 mg/mL), alkylamide fraction (25 mg/mL), and control samples, beef samples incorporated with the polyphenol fraction (6.25 mg/mL) significantly reduced carbonyl content, TBARS, and TVB-N values at the end of storage. Furthermore, they exhibited a significant slowdown in microbial development, improved meat color stability, and preserved pH. Therefore, the use of Szechuan pepper fractions as natural preservatives in meat and meat products is an important area of research and has the potential to enhance the safety and quality of meat products.

Technological and sensory characteristics of hamburgers made with polyunsaturated gelled emulsions

The quest for healthiness has driven the meat industry to seek solutions to reduce or replace saturated animal fat. The replacement (partial or total) of animal fat by polyunsaturated vegetable oils rich in omega fatty acids has gained prominence in terms of making a product healthier. However, an obstacle to this strategy is the effects on the sensory characteristics of the products, which may be unfavorable to consumers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lipid reformulation of hamburgers through the total replacement of pork fat with canola, sunflower, and corn oil emulsions. The physical-chemical, technological, and sensory properties analyses were performed. There were no significant changes (P > 0.05) in moisture content, protein content, ash content, pH, weight loss (%), moisture retention (%), or shrinkage (%). However, the lipid content was reduced (P < 0.05) and there was a significant improvement in the fatty acid profile with the application of gelled emulsions. The lipid peroxidation and oxidation also increased (P < 0.05) for the samples with the addition of gelled emulsions, and we observed the same behavior for lipid retention (%). In the sensory evaluation, the samples showed good overall acceptance, with hedonic scores ranging from "like slightly" to "like very much." In addition, through check-all-that-apply questions, we observed that the most positive scores given applied to the treatments were applied to the emulsions. The total replacement of animal fat by gelled emulsions is a promising strategy for producing healthier hamburgers.

Effects of Faba Bean Hull Nanoparticles on Physical Properties, Protein and Lipid Oxidation, Colour Degradation, and Microbiological Stability of Burgers under Refrigerated Storage

The processing of faba beans generates great quantities of hulls, which are high in bioactive compounds with demonstrated radical-inhibiting properties. There is no research on the impact of using faba bean hull nanoparticles (FBH-NPs) to improve the quality and extend the shelf-life of beef products. Hence, the target of this investigation was to assess the inhibiting influence of adding FBH-NPs at two different concentrations (1 and 1.5%) on the physical attributes, lipid and protein oxidation, colour degradation, and microbiological safety of burgers during refrigerated storage (4 ± 1 °C/12 days). The FBH-NPs presented great phenolic content (103.14 ± 0.98 mg GAE/g dw) and antioxidant potential. The water holding capacity and cooking properties in burgers including FBH-NPs were improved during storage. The FBH-NPs significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the reduction rate of redness and lightness during the burger refrigerated storage and the FBH-NPs were more beneficial in preventing cold burger discolouration. In the FBH-NPs-treated burgers, peroxide values, TBARS, and protein carbonyl content were lower than in the control (up to 12 days). The microbiological load of burgers including FBH-NPs was lower than the load of the control during refrigerated storage. The findings revealed that FBH-NPs were more efficient in enhancing the cooking characteristics, retarding lipid or protein oxidation, preventing colour detrition and improving the microbial safety of burgers.