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Saleh NEH, Ibrahim MY, Saad AH, Abdel-Hakeem EA, Saleh RK, Habeeb WN. The impact of consuming different types of high-caloric fat diet on the metabolic status, liver, and aortic integrity in rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18602. [PMID: 39127712 PMCID: PMC11316824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumption of high-caloric diets contributes to the alarming number of overweight and obese individuals worldwide, which in turn leads to several diseases and multiple organ dysfunction. Not only has the number of calories taken per day but also the type of fat in the diet has an important impact on health. Accordingly, the purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of different types of high-caloric fat diets on the metabolic status and the integrity of the liver and aorta in albino rats. Adult male albino rats were divided into 6 groups: Control group, long chain-saturated fat group (SFD), long chain-monounsaturated fat (MUFAs) group, long chain-polyunsaturated fat (PUFAs) group, medium-chain fat (MCFAs) group, and short-chain fat (SCFAs) group. Body mass index (BMI), Lee index, and visceral fat amount were reported. Serum levels of insulin, liver transaminases, lipid profile, and different oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were evaluated. Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and adiponectin/leptin ratio were also calculated. Histopathological examinations of liver and aorta with Masson's trichrome stain, and immune-staining for Nuclear Factor Erythroid-2-Related Factor-2 (Nrf2) were also done. SFD group showed significantly elevated liver transaminases, inflammatory markers, HOMA-IR, dyslipidemia, reduced adiponectin, and deficient anti-oxidative response compared to other groups together with disturbed hepatic and aortic architecture. Other treated groups showed an improvement. PUFAs group showed the highest level of improvement. Not all high-fat diets are hazardous. Diets rich in PUFAs, MUFAs, MCFAs, or SCFAs may protect against the hazards of high caloric diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariam Yahia Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Adel Hussein Saad
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Elshymaa A Abdel-Hakeem
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Rabeh Khairy Saleh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Wagdy N Habeeb
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, 61511, Egypt
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Assunção LS, Ribeiro CDF, de Souza CO, Danielski R, Kumari S, Nunes IL, Shahidi F. Nanoencapsulation of hybrid crude palm oil Unaué HIE OxG with jackfruit by-products as encapsulants: A study of cellular antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells. Food Chem 2024; 448:139009. [PMID: 38522297 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid crude palm oil (HCPO) HIE OxG is notable for its abundance of carotenoids, tocopherols, and tocotrienols. Investigating cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) and the non-cytotoxicity of oil nanoparticles is crucial for understanding the behavior of these phytochemicals in biological systems and ensuring the safety of products. Nanoparticles of HCPO, encapsulated with jackfruit by-products were produced and characterized for CAA and cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells. The nanoparticles exhibited nanoscale diameters (<250 nm), uniform distribution and stability (polydispersity index < 0.25; zeta potential JSF-NP -12.46 ± 0.15 mV and JAF-NP -13.73 ± 1.28 mV). JSF-NP and JAF-NP demonstrated superior CAA compared to the free HCPO across all concentrations, without inducing cytotoxic effects on differentiated Caco-2 cells. This study underscores the importance of investigating the CAA of edible oil nanoparticles, with non-cytotoxicity indicating biological safety and the potential to safeguard intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, JSF-NP and JAF-NP emerge as promising delivery systems for future HCPO applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Santos Assunção
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; Graduate Program in Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia CEP: 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Camila Duarte Ferreira Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia CEP: 40170-115, Brazil; Nutrition School, Federal University of Bahia, Basílio da Gama Street, -w/n-Campus Canela, Salvador, Bahia 40110-907, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira de Souza
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia CEP: 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Renan Danielski
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Sarika Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Itaciara Larroza Nunes
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Admar Gonzaga Highway, 1346, Itacorubi, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88034-000, Brazil
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada.
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Zhu Z, Xu Y, Guo Y, Liu R, Chang M, Wang X. Antioxidant interaction between α-tocopherol and γ-oryzanol in HepG2 cells. Food Funct 2024; 15:992-1003. [PMID: 38179649 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03727d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Minor constituents exhibit certain antioxidant interactions in vitro, and the effects in different media are different. However, it is not clear whether there are antioxidant interactions in cells after digestion and absorption. We utilized the cellular antioxidant evaluation model in HepG2 cells to study the antioxidant interaction between α-tocopherol and γ-oryzanol, and the interaction mechanism of a binary mixture was also illustrated. A cellular antioxidant assay (CAA) model and a combined index (CI) method were firstly used to explore the antioxidant activity and interaction of the binary mixture in HepG2 cells. The CAA value was positively correlated with the single addition concentration, while the results displayed a biphasic tendency with increasing concentrations of the binary mixture. The combination of TO11 (1 μg mL-1 α-tocopherol and 10 μg mL-1 γ-oryzanol) showed the greatest antioxidant activity and synergistic effect, and the maximum CAA value reached up to 94.84 ± 4.2. Then the mechanism of the synergistic antioxidant effect of the binary mixture was explained from three aspects including cellular uptake, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and endogenous enzyme activity. The results demonstrated that the antioxidant interaction of the binary mixture in cells was related to cellular uptake of minor constituents, and the combination of TO11 exerted a synergistic effect by scavenging ROS and up-regulating glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, resulting in the strongest cellular antioxidant activity. This study throws light on the nature of antioxidant interaction between minor constituents, which may contribute to the development of related functional foods and rational dietary collocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan, University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan, University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Yiwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan, University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Ruijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan, University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Ming Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan, University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan, University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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In vitro digestion of binary mixture of α-tocopherol and γ-oryzanol in oil-in-water emulsion: Changes in stability and antioxidant potential. Food Res Int 2022; 159:111606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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