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Zarski A, Kapusniak K, Ptak S, Rudlicka M, Coseri S, Kapusniak J. Functionalization Methods of Starch and Its Derivatives: From Old Limitations to New Possibilities. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:597. [PMID: 38475281 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that starch as a raw material is of strategic importance for meeting primarily the nutritional needs of people around the world. Year by year, the demand not only for traditional but also for functional food based on starch and its derivatives is growing. Problems with the availability of petrochemical raw materials, as well as environmental problems with the recycling of post-production waste, make non-food industries also increasingly interested in this biopolymer. Its supporters will point out countless advantages such as wide availability, renewability, and biodegradability. Opponents, in turn, will argue that they will not balance the problems with its processing and storage and poor functional properties. Hence, the race to find new methods to improve starch properties towards multifunctionality is still ongoing. For these reasons, in the presented review, referring to the structure and physicochemical properties of starch, attempts were made to highlight not only the current limitations in its processing but also new possibilities. Attention was paid to progress in the non-selective and selective functionalization of starch to obtain materials with the greatest application potential in the food (resistant starch, dextrins, and maltodextrins) and/or in the non-food industries (hydrophobic and oxidized starch).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Zarski
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Ave., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Kamila Kapusniak
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Ave., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Sylwia Ptak
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Ave., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rudlicka
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Ave., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Sergiu Coseri
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 41 A, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Janusz Kapusniak
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Ave., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
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do Nascimento MA, Vargas JPC, Rodrigues JGA, Leão RAC, de Moura PHB, Leal ICR, Bassut J, de Souza ROMA, Wojcieszak R, Itabaiana I. Lipase-catalyzed acylation of levoglucosan in continuous flow: antibacterial and biosurfactant studies. RSC Adv 2022; 12:3027-3035. [PMID: 35425309 PMCID: PMC8979102 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08111j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies involving the transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into high value-added chemical products have been intensively conducted in recent years. Its matrix is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, being, therefore, an abundant and renewable source for obtaining several platform molecules, with levoglucosan (LG) standing out. This anhydrous carbohydrate can be acylated to obtain carbohydrate fatty acid esters (CFAEs). Here, these compounds were obtained via enzymatic acylation of LG, commercially obtained (Start BioScience®), with different acyl donors in continuous flow. Through the experimental design using a model reaction, it was possible to optimize the reaction conditions, temperature and residence time, obtaining a maximum conversion at 61 °C and 77 min. In addition, there was a productivity gain of up to 100 times in all comparisons made with the batch system. Finally, CFAEs were applied in tests of interfacial tension and biological activity. For a mixture of 4- and 2-O-lauryl-1,6-anhydroglucopyranose (MONLAU), the minimum interfacial tension (IFTmin) obtained was 96 mN m−1 and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) was 50 mM. Similar values were obtained for a mixture of 4- and 2-O-palmitoyl-1,6-anhydroglucopyranose (MONPAL), not yet reported in the literature, of 88 mN m−1 in 50 mM. For a mixture of 4- and 2-O-estearyl-1,6-anhydroglucopyranose (MONEST) and 4- and 2-O-oleoyl-1,6-anhydroglucopyranose (MONOLE), CMC was higher than 60 mM and IFTmin of 141 mN m−1 and 102 mN m−1, respectively. Promising data were obtained for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of MONLAU against Staphylococcus aureus strains at 0.25 mM. Ipase-catalyzed transesterification of LG under continuous flow conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A. do Nascimento
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-909, Brazil
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimiedu Solide, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Juan P. C. Vargas
- Nanotechnology Engineering Program, COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José G. A. Rodrigues
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, University City, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel A. C. Leão
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Patricia H. B. de Moura
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Biological Assays, Department of Natural Products and Food, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ivana C. R. Leal
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Biological Assays, Department of Natural Products and Food, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Bassut
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimiedu Solide, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Rodrigo O. M. A. de Souza
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Robert Wojcieszak
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimiedu Solide, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Ivaldo Itabaiana
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimiedu Solide, F-59000, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Technological Biochemistry and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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