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Shi L, Zou Z, Zhu C, Wang H, Lin L, Wang J, Wei C. Structures, gelatinization properties and enzyme hydrolyses of starches from transparent and floury grains of rices subjected to field natural extreme high temperature. Food Chem 2024; 459:140392. [PMID: 39018617 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Three rice varieties underwent the field natural extreme high temperature (EHT) with daily average temperature over 30 °C from 21 to 89 days after sowing, and had transparent, chalky and floury grains. The structures, gelatinization properties and enzyme hydrolyses of starches from transparent and floury grains were investigated. Compared with control transparent grains, floury grains subjected to EHT markedly decreased the contents of amylose molecules, amylopectin A chains and amylopectin B1 chains and increased the contents of amylopectin B2 and B3+ chains and the average branch-chain length of amylopectin. Both transparent and floury grains had A-type starches, but floury grain starches exhibited higher relative crystallinity, gelatinization temperature, retrogradation and pasting viscosities than transparent grain starches. Floury grain starches had lower hydrolysis rates than transparent grain starches. Native starches were more resistant to digestion but gelatinized and retrograded starches were more prone to digestion in floury grains than in transparent grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiquan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zihan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Lingshang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Cunxu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Gao Y, Zhang L, Chen W, Zhou W, Deng G, Dai G, Bao J. Cooked Rice Textural Properties and Starch Physicochemical Properties from New Hybrid Rice and Their Parents. Foods 2024; 13:1035. [PMID: 38611341 PMCID: PMC11011368 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although great progress has been made in the development of hybrid rice with increased yield, challenges for the improvement of grain quality still remain. In this study, the textural properties of cooked rice and physicochemical characteristics of starch were investigated for 29 new hybrid rice derived from 5 sterile and 11 restorer rice lines. Except for one sterile line Te A (P1) with high apparent amylose content (AAC) (26.9%), all other parents exhibited a low AAC. Gui 263 demonstrated the highest AAC (20.6%) among the restorer lines, so the Te A/Gui 263 hybrid displayed the highest AAC (23.1%) among all the hybrid rice. The mean AAC was similar between sterile, restorer lines and hybrid rice. However, the mean hardness of cooked rice and gels of sterile lines were significantly higher than that of restorer lines and hybrid rice (p < 0.05). Pasting temperature and gelatinization temperatures were significantly higher in the hybrids than in the restorer lines (p < 0.05). Cluster analysis based on the physicochemical properties divided the parents and hybrid rice into two major groups. One group included P1 (Te A), P12 and P14 and three hybrid rice derived from P1, while the other group, including 39 rice varieties, could be further divided into three subgroups. AAC showed significant correlation with many parameters, including peak viscosity, hot peak viscosity, cold peak viscosity, breakdown, setback, onset temperature, peak temperature, conclusion temperature, enthalpy of gelatinization, gel hardness and cooked rice hardness (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis revealed that the first component, comprised of the AAC, peak viscosity, breakdown, setback, onset temperature, peak temperature, conclusion temperature and gel hardness, explained 44.1% of variance, suggesting AAC is the most important factor affecting the grain quality of hybrid rice. Overall, this study enables targeted improvements to key rice grain quality attributes, particularly AAC and textural properties, that will help to develop superior rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Weiyong Zhou
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Guofu Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Gaoxing Dai
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Jinsong Bao
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China
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Yang S, Yang H, Xu Z, Peng Q, Mao H, Yang Y, Li Z. Use of CMIP6 scenarios as a reference to understand the responses of macrophyte germination and seedling growth to future warming and allelopathy co-stressors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168463. [PMID: 37951270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of appropriate references such as CMIP6 climate scenarios for benchmarking studies of climate change on ecosystems can promote consistency among different climate change research. However, the use of CMIP6 climate scenarios is not common among experiments on the effects of climate change on freshwater ecosystems. Also, little is known about the impact of ecological factor such as allelopathy of alien species on macrophyte germination and seedling growth under different climate scenarios. In our study, by simulating three annual mean temperature changes at global warming levels of 1.5 °C (low warming scenario), 2 °C (medium warming scenario) and 4 °C (high warming scenario) corresponding to CMIP6 multi-model mean change at the corresponding global warming level, we conducted a mesocosm experiment to investigate their possible effects of different climate scenarios and allelopathy co-stressors on macrophyte germination and seedling growth. Our study showed that three warming scenarios all can facilitate macrophyte propagule germination and seedling growth, but the effect paths vary with CMIP6 warming scenarios and there are more influence pathways under high warming scenarios than under low and medium warming scenarios. Higher aqueous extract concentrations of Eichhornia crassipes can significantly stimulate macrophyte propagule germination and seedling growth. And the medium and high warming scenarios may exacerbate the impacts of allelopathic substances on macrophyte germination and seedling growth, and their effects depend on the combination of the two stressors. These results indicated that medium- and high-temperature scenarios may have greater ecological effects on macrophytes than low-temperature scenarios. Thus, our results highlighted that future climate studies need proper benchmarks such as CMIP6 warming scenarios, because it can provide relatively more accurate and realistic simulations, valid comparative results, comprehensive understanding and supportive coordination among researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhiyan Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qiutong Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hongzhi Mao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yujing Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhongqiang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
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Ding C, Xu C, Lu B, Zhu X, Luo X, He B, Elidio C, Liu Z, Ding Y, Yang J, Li G. Comprehensive Evaluation of Rice Qualities under Different Nitrogen Levels in South China. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040697. [PMID: 36832772 PMCID: PMC9956055 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need to comprehensively evaluate the rice quality of different rice varieties under different nitrogen treatments. Therefore, in this study, we used twenty-one hybrid indica rice varieties and twenty-three inbred japonica rice varieties with three nitrogen fertilizer levels to investigate differences in rice qualities. As compared with hybrid indica rice, inbred japonica rice had lower coefficient of variation values for grain shape, mild rice percentage, and head rice percentage, but relatively higher coefficient of variation values for chalkiness traits, appearance, and taste value of cooked rice. A principal component analysis and membership function method were used to comprehensively evaluate the qualities of rice. The overall eating quality value by sensory evaluation and head rice percentage explained 61.3% and 67.9% of the variations in comprehensive quality of hybrid indica rice and inbred japonica rice across different nitrogen levels, respectively. We also found that rice comprehensive quality was better under low nitrogen levels for hybrid indica rice, while for inbred japonica rice, properly increasing nitrogen application could improve the comprehensive quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ding
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Congshan Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuhui Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xikun Luo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bin He
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Cambula Elidio
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (G.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-25-84390307 (J.Y.); +86-25-84396475 (G.L.)
| | - Ganghua Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (G.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-25-84390307 (J.Y.); +86-25-84396475 (G.L.)
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Chen Y, Luo L, Xu F, Xu X, Bao J. Carbohydrate Repartitioning in the Rice Starch Branching Enzyme IIb Mutant Stimulates Higher Resistant Starch Content and Lower Seed Weight Revealed by Multiomics Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9802-9816. [PMID: 35903884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The starch branching enzyme IIb mutant (be2b) in rice significantly increases the resistant starch (RS) content and leads to reduced seed weight. However, the underlying metabolic mechanisms remain unclear. Proteomic analysis indicated that upregulation of starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) and SSIIIa and downregulation of BEI and SSI were possibly responsible for the decreased short amylopectin chains (DP 6-15) and increased longer chains (DP > 16) of be2b starch. The upregulation of granule-bound starch synthase led to increased amylose content (AC). These changes in the amylopectin structure and AC accounted for the increased RS content. α-Amylase 2A showed the strongest upregulation (up to 8.45-fold), indicating that the loss of BEIIb activity enhanced starch degradation. Upregulation of glycolysis-related proteins stimulated carbohydrate repartitioning through glycerate-3-phosphate and promoted the accumulation of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, amino acids, and fatty acids. The unexpected carbohydrate partitioning and enhanced starch degradation resulted in the reduced seed weight in the be2b mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Chen
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Lili Luo
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- Yazhou Bay Laboratory, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jinsong Bao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Yazhou Bay Laboratory, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China
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Shi S, Wang E, Li C, Zhou H, Cai M, Cao C, Jiang Y. Comprehensive Evaluation of 17 Qualities of 84 Types of Rice Based on Principal Component Analysis. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112883. [PMID: 34829163 PMCID: PMC8622839 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice quality is a complex indicator, and people are paying more and more attention to the quality of rice. Therefore, we used seven rice varieties for twelve nitrogen fertilizer treatments and obtained eighty-four rice types with seventeen qualities. It was found that 17 quality traits had different coefficients of variation. Among them, the coefficient of variation of chalkiness and protein content was the largest, 44.60% and 17.89% respectively. The cluster analysis method was used to define four categories of different rice qualities. The principal component analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate 17 qualities of 84 rice. It was found that rice quality was better under low nitrogen conditions, Huanghuazhan and Lvyinzhan were easier to obtain better comprehensive rice quality during cultivation. Future rice research should focus on reducing protein content and increasing peak viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Shi
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.S.); (E.W.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (M.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Enting Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.S.); (E.W.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (M.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Chengxuan Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.S.); (E.W.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (M.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.S.); (E.W.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (M.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Mingli Cai
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.S.); (E.W.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (M.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Cougui Cao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.S.); (E.W.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (M.C.); (C.C.)
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.S.); (E.W.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (M.C.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13871473420
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