From cattle to pastirma: Contamination source of methicillin susceptible and resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) along the pastirma production chain

Pathogenic potential of meat-borne coagulase negative staphylococci strains from slaughterhouse to fork

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in meat processing lines for their pathogenic potential associated with biofilm formation, staphylococcal toxin genes, and antibiotic resistance in obtained isolates. Out of 270 samples, 56 isolates were identified as staphylococcal with their species level, and their antimicrobial resistance profiles were also determined with the BD Phoenix™ system. Among these, CoNS were found in 32 isolates, including S. epidermidis (22%), S. warneri (22%), S. cohnii (9%), S. schleiferi (9%), S. capitis (6%), S. haemolyticus (6%), S. lugdunensis (6%), S. chromogenes (6%), S. kloosii (3%), S. sciuri (3%), S. lentus (3%), and S. caprae (3%). Biofilm formation was observed in 78.1% of CoNS isolates, with 56% being strong biofilm producers; and the frequency of the icaA, fnbA, and fnbB genes were 43.7% and 34.3%, and 9.3% in isolates, respectively. Twenty-five (78.1%) of these strains were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, 20 (80%) of which exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR). Regarding genotypic analyses, 15.6%, 22.2%, 87.5%, and 9% of isolates, were positive for blaZ, ermC, tetK, and aacA-aphD, respectively. In 8 (25%) of all isolates had one or more staphylococcal toxin genes: the sed gene was the most frequent (12.5%), followed by eta (9.3%), tst-1 (6.25%), and sea (3.1%). In conclusion, this study highlights meat; and meat products might be reservoirs for the biofilm-producing MDR-CoNS, which harbored several toxin genes. Hence, it should not be ignored that CoNS may be related to foodborne outbreaks.