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Martens S, Carteri Coradi P, Maldaner V, de Oliveira Carneiro L, Eduardo Teodoro P, Melo Rodrigues D, Francine Anschau K, Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro L, Marlon Moraes Flores É. Drying and intermittence processes on the polished and brown rice physicochemical and morphological quality by near-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100753. [PMID: 37780306 PMCID: PMC10534101 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study was correlate the effects of drying time and intermittence of paddy rice on the physical, physicochemical, and morphological quality of polished and brown rice using near-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Rice grain batches from mechanized harvesting with moisture contents between 24 and 20% (w.b.) were immediately subjected to drying and intermittence (average temperature of the grain mass of 40 °C) for a time of 14 h (number of times that the product underwent the drying and intermittence processes). For each drying time, grain sampling was performed to evaluate the physical quality of paddy rice and the physicochemical and morphological quality of polished and brown rice. The accumulated drying time provided an increase in the temperature of the grain mass, altering the physicochemical and morphological quality of polished and brown rice. The intermittence process did not contribute for the quality of the polished rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Martens
- Laboratory of Postharvest (LAPOS), Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Federal University of Santa Maria, Cachoeira do Sul 96503-205, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Carteri Coradi
- Laboratory of Postharvest (LAPOS), Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Federal University of Santa Maria, Cachoeira do Sul 96503-205, RS, Brazil
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rural Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Maldaner
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rural Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia de Oliveira Carneiro
- Laboratory of Postharvest (LAPOS), Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Federal University of Santa Maria, Cachoeira do Sul 96503-205, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Teodoro
- Campus de Chapadão do Sul, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Chapadão do Sul, 79560-000, MS, Brazil
| | - Dágila Melo Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Postharvest (LAPOS), Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Federal University of Santa Maria, Cachoeira do Sul 96503-205, RS, Brazil
| | - Kellen Francine Anschau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Érico Marlon Moraes Flores
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
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Moraes RSD, Coradi PC, Nunes MT, Leal MM, Müller EI, Teodoro PE, Flores EMM. Thick layer drying and storage of rice grain cultivars in silo-dryer-aerator: Quality evaluation at low drying temperature. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17962. [PMID: 37483753 PMCID: PMC10359870 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Drying rice in a single layer in a silo-dryer-aerator allows uniform drying. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical, physicochemical, and morphological quality of rice grain cultivars (IRGA 424, BRS Pampeira, and Guri INTA) in the lower (initial time) and upper (final time) layers in a silo-dryer-aerator, employing single-layer loading at low temperatures, using the methods of near-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and multivariate statistical analysis. Drying rice in silo-dryer-aerator attenuated the moisture diffusivity in the grains, minimizing its effects on the physical, physicochemical, and morphological properties of the grains. However, the physicochemical constituents and morphology of starch were preserved by the low drying temperatures, mainly in the lower layers throughout the 2-month drying. The rice grains of the Guri INTA and BRS Pampeira cultivars were the most resistant to drying and showed greater uniformity on the final quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Santos de Moraes
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Postharvest (LAPOS), Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Federal University of Santa Maria, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96503-205, Brazil
| | - Paulo Carteri Coradi
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Postharvest (LAPOS), Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Federal University of Santa Maria, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96503-205, Brazil
| | - Marcela Trojahn Nunes
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Postharvest (LAPOS), Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Federal University of Santa Maria, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96503-205, Brazil
| | - Marisa Menezes Leal
- Laboratory of Postharvest (LAPOS), Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Federal University of Santa Maria, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96503-205, Brazil
| | - Edson Irineu Müller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Teodoro
- Department of Agronomy, Campus de Chapadão do Sul, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Chapadão do Sul, MS 79560-000, Brazil
| | - Erico Marlon Moraes Flores
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
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The Possibility of Replacing Wet-Milling with Dry-Milling in the Production of Waxy Rice Flour for the Application in Waxy Rice Ball. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020280. [PMID: 36673371 PMCID: PMC9858382 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the large consumption and discharge of water in wet milling, dry-milling is an alternative to produce waxy rice flour. The physical properties and sensory characteristics for preparing waxy rice balls in dry-milled waxy rice flour were compared in this study. The results showed that the damaged starch content increased significantly with the particle size of dry-milled flour, which decreased from 160 to 30 μm. The reduction in particle size increased the pasting viscosity of waxy rice flour, which further improved the stretch ability of dough and increased the viscoelasticity of the rice ball. The increase in damaged starch content directly led to a significant increase in the solubility of dry-milled flour, thereby increasing the freeze cracking rate of the rice ball and reducing its transparency, resulting in a decline in quality. In comparison with wet-milled waxy rice balls, dry-milled waxy rice balls made from rice flour in the range of 40 μm to 60 μm particle size had a similar texture and taste to that of wet-milled ones, moderate freeze cracking rate and better storage stability, as well as a stronger aroma of waxy rice that the consumer favored. GC-MS analysis showed that the content of key aroma compounds, such as grassy and fruity, noted nonanal in dry-milled flour, was 15-30% higher than that in the wet-milled depending on the difference of waxy rice variety. In conclusion, dry-milled waxy rice flour with a particle size in the range of 40 μm to 60 μm could be a candidate to replace wet-milled flour in the preparation of a waxy rice ball.
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Effects of drying temperature of corn from the center and extremities of the corncob on drying parameters, protein and starch properties, and carotenoid profile. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112267. [PMID: 36596178 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The corn grains from the extremities of corncob are known to have a spherical shape and the grains from the center of corncob have higher length and lower thickness. It is understood that these differences in grain dimensions can affect post-harvest processes and the properties of the grains. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of drying temperature (60, 80, and 100 °C) of corn from the center and extremities of corncob on drying parameters, protein and starch properties, and carotenoid profile. At 60 °C, the drying rate and effective moisture diffusivity of corn from the center and extremities of the corncob did not differ. However, at 80 and 100 °C these parameters were higher in the corn from the center. Corncob part and separation did not significantly affect corn pasting properties. However, they caused significant changes in the properties of the grain proteins, mainly the reduction of the solubility and inactivation of the lipase enzyme, and the reduction of the lutein and β-carotene contents in the grains from the center and separated after drying. The results of this research show the need to evaluate the effects of these drying conditions during grain storage. In addition, the implementation of an industrial separation step and/or the development of new corn cultivars with more homogeneous grains should be studied.
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Zhang Z, Zhang B, Zhu L, Zhao W. Microstructure, Digestibility and Physicochemical Properties of Rice Grains after Radio Frequency Treatment. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121723. [PMID: 35741921 PMCID: PMC9222805 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Radio frequency (RF) energy has been successfully applied to rice drying, sterilization, and controlling pests. However, the effects of RF treatment on the microstructure, physicochemical properties, and digestibility of rice have rarely been studied. This study investigated the alteration of a multiscale structure, pasting, rheology, and digestibility of rice grains after the RF treatment. A microstructure analysis demonstrated that the RF treatment caused starch gelatinization and protein denaturation in rice grains with an increasing treatment time. After the RF treatment, indica and japonica rice (IR and JR) remained as A-type crystals, with the formation of an amylose–lipid complex. In contrast, the crystalline structure of waxy rice (WR) was disrupted. The RF treatment led to a decrease in crystallinity and short-range ordered structures. However, the DSC results indicated that the RF treatment enhanced the To, Tp, and Tc of IR and JR. The RF treatment resulted in an increase in the resistant starch (RS) of IR and JR, thereby reducing the digestibility. In addition, the pasting profiles of IR and JR after RF treatment were reduced with the increase in treatment time, while the RF-treated WR showed an opposite trend. The storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of all samples after the RF treatment obviously increased compared to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenna Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Preservation Engineering of Agricultural Products, Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315040, China;
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Bhati D, Singh B, Singh A, Sharma S, Pandiselvam R. Engineering, biochemical, and cooking characteristics of seven eminent cultivars of brown rice: Implication on development of food processing equipment. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Bhati
- Department of Food Science and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Baljit Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Arashdeep Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Savita Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Ravi Pandiselvam
- Physiology, Biochemistry, and Post‐harvest Technology Division ICAR‐Central Plantation Crops Research Institute Kasaragod Kerala India
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Nunes MT, Coradi PC, Müller A, Oliveira Carneiro L, Steinhaus JI, Anschau KF, Souza GC, Müller EI, Teodoro PE, Dutra AP. Stationary rice drying: Influence of initial moisture contents and impurities in the mass grains on the physicochemical and morphological rice quality. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Trojahn Nunes
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rural Sciences Center Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Paulo Carteri Coradi
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rural Sciences Center Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Laboratory of Postharvest Federal University of Santa Maria Cachoeira do Sul Brazil
| | - Amanda Müller
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rural Sciences Center Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Letícia Oliveira Carneiro
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Laboratory of Postharvest Federal University of Santa Maria Cachoeira do Sul Brazil
| | - Jonatas Ibagé Steinhaus
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Laboratory of Postharvest Federal University of Santa Maria Cachoeira do Sul Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Coelho Souza
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Laboratory of Postharvest Federal University of Santa Maria Cachoeira do Sul Brazil
| | - Edson Irineu Müller
- Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Teodoro
- Department of Agronomy, Campus de Chapadão do Sul Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Chapadão do Sul Brazil
| | - Arthur Pozzobon Dutra
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Laboratory of Postharvest Federal University of Santa Maria Cachoeira do Sul Brazil
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Mahmood N, Liu Y, Munir Z, Zhang Y, Niazi BMK. Effects of hot air assisted radio frequency drying on heating uniformity, drying characteristics and quality of paddy. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zeng Y, Ali MK, Du J, Li X, Yang X, Yang J, Pu X, Yang L, Hong J, Mou B, Li L, Zhou Y. Resistant Starch in Rice: Its Biosynthesis and Mechanism of Action Against Diabetes-Related Diseases. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2024221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zeng
- Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Muhammad Kazim Ali
- Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Juan Du
- Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xia Li
- Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of the Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoying Pu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Li’E Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jingan Hong
- Clinical Nutrition Department, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Bo Mou
- Clinical Nutrition Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Li
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Clinical Nutrition Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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