1
|
Ait Bouzid H, Nouisse AA, Hallouch O, Asbbane A, Harhar H, Koubachi J, Maggi F, Caprioli G, Bouyahya A, Gharby S. Amlou inspired spread: Formulation and characterization of new spread based on Ziziphus lotus L. fruit, argan oil, and honey. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34002. [PMID: 39092262 PMCID: PMC11292231 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores novel applications of combining natural products by integrating Ziziphus lotus L. (Z. lotus), honey, and argan oil to create a product similar to traditional Moroccan Amlou (a mixture of almonds, honey, and argan oil). Five formulations were developed with varying percentages of these three ingredients, alongside two formulations of traditional Amlou. The nutritional value, mineral composition, fatty acid profile, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activities of the products were analyzed using standard analytical methods such as gas chromatography and spectrophotometry. Additionally, sensory evaluations were conducted to assess consumer preferences. The results showed that the new formulations are rich in oil (45.15-52.24 g/100 g), carbohydrates (40.26-46.81 g/100 g), and protein (3.15-3.92 g/100 g). Mineral analysis revealed significant amounts of potassium (443-578 mg/100 g), calcium (98-124 mg/100 g), phosphorus (50-65 mg/100 g), and magnesium (38-50 mg/100 g). The Z. lotus-based products exhibited higher phenolic content (7-12 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (7.10-10.18 mg QE/g), and stronger antioxidant activities using DPPH radical scavenging activity (3.55-11.14 mg AAE/g) and FRAP (5.39-8.55 mg AAE/g). Moreover, the new product retains the beneficial fatty acid profile of argan oil, with a high content of oleic acid (48 %) and linoleic acid (32 %). Sensory evaluation indicated that the formulation consisting of 45 % Z. lotus powder, 50 % argan oil, and 5 % honey was the most appreciated for taste and texture. These findings suggest that incorporating Z. lotus into traditional Amlou recipes not only enhances nutritional and antioxidant properties but also meets consumer acceptance in terms of flavor and texture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Ait Bouzid
- Biotechnology, Analytical Sciences and Quality Control Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abdelghani Ait Nouisse
- Biotechnology, Analytical Sciences and Quality Control Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Otmane Hallouch
- Biotechnology, Analytical Sciences and Quality Control Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Asbbane
- Biotechnology, Analytical Sciences and Quality Control Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Hicham Harhar
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences-Rabat, Mohammed V University in Rabat, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jamal Koubachi
- Biotechnology, Analytical Sciences and Quality Control Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, BP 1014, Morocco
| | - Said Gharby
- Biotechnology, Analytical Sciences and Quality Control Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Patel H, Bains A, Sridhar K, Ali N, Najda A, Tosif MM, Dhull SB, Chawla P, Sharma M, Goksen G. An approach to manufacturing well-being milk chocolate in partial replacement of lecithin by the functional plant-based combination. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3920-3934. [PMID: 38873482 PMCID: PMC11167183 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Lecithin is constituted of a glycerophospholipid mixture and is abundantly used as an emulsifying agent in various food applications including chocolate production. However, overconsumption of lecithin may create an adverse effect on human health. Thus, this study aims to replace the lecithin with plant-based gums. Different ratios of guar and arabic gum (25%-75%) and their blend (25%-75%) were employed as partial replacement of lecithin. Milk chocolate prepared using 40% guar gum (60GGL [guar gum, lecithin]), 25% arabic gum (75AGL [arabic gum, lecithin]), and a blend of 15 arabic gum and 10 guar gum (65AGGL [arabic gum, guar gum, lecithin]) showed similar rheological behavior as compared to control chocolate (100% lecithin). The fat content of 65AGGL (37.85%) was significantly lower than that of the control sample (43.37%). Rheological behavior exhibited shear-thinning behavior and samples (60GGL-75GGL-80GGL, 65AGL-75AGL, and 65AGGL-75AGGL) showed similar rheological properties as compared to control. The chocolate samples (60GGL and 65AGGL) showed significantly (p < .05) higher hardness values (86.01 and 83.55 N) than the control (79.95 N). As well, gum-added chocolates exhibited higher thermal stability up to 660°C as compared to the control sample. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed predominant β-(1 → 4) and β-(1 → 6) glycosidic linkages of the gums and lecithin. Sensory evaluation revealed a comparable score of gum-added milk chocolate in comparison to control samples in terms of taste, texture, color, and overall acceptance. Thus, plant exudate gums could be an excellent alternative to lecithin in milk chocolate, which can enhance the textural properties and shelf life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harshvardhan Patel
- Department of Food Technology and NutritionLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraIndia
| | - Aarti Bains
- Department of MicrobiologyLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraIndia
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Food Technology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University)CoimbatoreIndia
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable and Herbal CropsUniversity of Life Science in LublinLublinPoland
| | - Mansuri M. Tosif
- Department of Food Technology and NutritionLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraIndia
| | - Sanju Bala Dhull
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyChaudhary Devi Lal UniversitySirsaIndia
| | - Prince Chawla
- Department of Food Technology and NutritionLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraIndia
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Applied BiologyUniversity of Science and Technology MeghalayaBariduaIndia
| | - Gulden Goksen
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial ZoneTarsus UniversityMersinTurkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smuda SS, Mohammed AT, Tsakali E, Van Impe JFM, Marie AM. Preparation and evaluation of functional cocoa-free spread alternatives from different sources. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:4299-4310. [PMID: 38873440 PMCID: PMC11167172 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Spread products have an important market share as they have high nutritional value and they are increasingly consumed, especially by children as a source of energy. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential use of powdered chickpea, black rice, carob, doum, date seeds, and beetroot to produce novel functional spreadable products as cocoa-free alternatives. Additionally, to avoid the side effects of cocoa-based products and to assess the cocoa replacement effects on the sensory properties, chemical composition, texture analysis, viscosity, antioxidant, peroxide stability, and microbial quality during storage periods were compared to the ones of cocoa spread. Sensory evaluation revealed that most formulated spreads were accepted as chocolate spread alternatives since there was no significant difference in overall acceptability among cocoa, chickpea, black rice, carob, and doum, while date seeds and beetroot spreads were significantly less acceptable. A variation was observed in the proximate chemical analysis of the produced functional spreads, as the alternative spreads had different characteristics to each other in their physicochemical, texture, and rheological properties. Results indicated a wide variation in the total phenolic content (TPC) of the different spread extracts. The highest amount of TPC was obtained for beetroot spread (455.84 mg GAE/100 g) followed by black rice spread (436.08 mg GAE/100 g). The obtained results indicated that the antioxidant activity of different spreads was significantly different (p < .05) while based on their microbiological analysis, they could have a shelf life of up to 9 months. According to the results, chickpea, carob, doum, black rice, date seeds, and beetroot powders could be used for the production of cocoa-free alternatives as they were highly acceptable and they showed antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Saad Smuda
- Food Science Department, Faculty of AgricultureCairo UniversityGizaEgypt
| | - Amera T. Mohammed
- Department of Crops Technology ResearchFood Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research CenterGizaEgypt
| | - Efstathia Tsakali
- Department of Food Science & TechnologyUniversity of West AtticaEgaleoGreece
- BioTeC+‐ Biochemical Process and Control, Department of Chemical EngineeringKU Leuven Technology Campus GentGentBelgium
| | - Jan F. M. Van Impe
- BioTeC+‐ Biochemical Process and Control, Department of Chemical EngineeringKU Leuven Technology Campus GentGentBelgium
| | - Asmaa M. Marie
- Department of Crops Technology ResearchFood Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research CenterGizaEgypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Berk B, Cosar S, Mazı BG, Oztop MH. Textural, rheological, melting properties, particle size distribution, and NMR relaxometry of cocoa hazelnut spread with inulin-stevia addition as sugar replacer. J Texture Stud 2024; 55:e12834. [PMID: 38613328 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of substituting 60, 80, and 100% of the sugar in traditional cocoa hazelnut paste (control) formulation with inulin-stevia (90:10, w/w) mixture on textural and rheological characteristics, melting behavior, water activity (aw), particle size distribution (PSD), and color. Textural, rheological, melting properties, and color of samples were analyzed after 1, 2, and 3 months of storage at 11°C. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry experiments were also performed to understand the interaction of new ingredients with oil. Replacement of sugar with inulin-stevia gave darker color, reduced Casson yield stress, and changed the textural parameters and melting profile of the samples depending on the level but did not create a remarkable effect on PSD and Casson plastic viscosity. Increasing inulin-stevia content yielded lower aw and higher T2a values indicating decreased mobility of water. Complete removal of sugar caused low spreadability. The results showed that an 80% replacement level yielded a product with similar textural parameters and fat-melting mouth feeling compared to control sample. Cocoa hazelnut spreads prepared with inulin and stevia showed good textural stability during storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berkay Berk
- Department of Food Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Sumeyye Cosar
- Department of Food Engineering, Ordu University, Ordu, Türkiye
| | - Bekir G Mazı
- Department of Food Engineering, Ordu University, Ordu, Türkiye
| | - Mecit H Oztop
- Department of Food Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen S, Dima C, Kharazmi MS, Yin L, Liu B, Jafari SM, Li Y. The colloid and interface strategies to inhibit lipid digestion for designing low-calorie food. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 321:103011. [PMID: 37826977 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Although fat is one of the indispensable components of food flavor, excessive fat consumption could cause obesity, metabolism syndromes and an imbalance in the intestinal flora. In the pursuit of a healthy diet, designing fat reducing foods by inhibiting lipid digestion and calorie intake is a promising strategy. Altering the gastric emptying rates of lipids as well as acting on the lipase by suppressing the enzymatic activity or limiting lipase diffusion via interfacial modulation can effectively decrease lipolysis rates. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of colloid-based strategies that can be employed to retard lipid hydrolysis, including pancreatic lipase inhibitors, emulsion-based interfacial modulation and fat substitutes. Plants-/microorganisms-derived lipase inhibitors bind to catalytic active sites and change the enzymatic conformation to inhibit lipase activity. Introducing oil-in-water Pickering emulsions into the food can effectively delay lipolysis via steric hindrance of interfacial particulates. Regulating stability and physical states of emulsions can also affect the rate of hydrolysis by altering the active hydrolysis surface. 3D network structure assembled by fat substitutes with high viscosity can not only slow down the peristole and obstruct the diffusion of lipase to the oil droplets but also impede the transportation of lipolysis products to epithelial cells for adsorption. Their applications in low-calorie bakery, dairy and meat products were also discussed, emphasizing fat intake reduction, structure and flavor retention and potential health benefits. However, further application of these strategies in large-scale food production still requires more optimization on cost and lipid reducing effects. This review provides a comprehensive review on colloidal approaches, design, principles and applications of fat reducing strategies to meet the growing demand for healthier diet and offer practical insights for the low-calorie food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanan Chen
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Cristian Dima
- Dunarea de Jos' University of Galati, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, "Domnească" Str. 111, Building F, Room 107, 800201, Galati, Romania
| | | | - Lijun Yin
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Yuan Li
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kiepś J, Dembczyński R. Current Trends in the Production of Probiotic Formulations. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152330. [PMID: 35954096 PMCID: PMC9368262 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Preparations containing probiotic strains of bacteria have a beneficial effect on human and animal health. The benefits of probiotics translate into an increased interest in techniques for the preservation of microorganisms. This review compares different drying methods and their improvements, with specific reference to processing conditions, microorganisms, and protective substances. It also highlights some factors that may influence the quality and stability of the final probiotic preparations, including thermal, osmotic, oxidative, and acidic stresses, as well as dehydration and shear forces. Processing and storage result in the loss of viability and stability in probiotic formulations. Herein, the addition of protective substances, the optimization of process parameters, and the adaptation of cells to stress factors before drying are described as countermeasures to these challenges. The latest trends and developments in the fields of drying technologies and probiotic production are also discussed. These developments include novel application methods, controlled release, the use of food matrices, and the use of analytical methods to determine the viability of probiotic bacteria.
Collapse
|