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Pani S, Caddeo C, Sanna C, Pintus F, Floris S, Pons R, Dupont A, Tuberoso CIG. A Nano-Based Approach to Deliver Satureja thymbra Essential Oil to the Skin: Formulation and Characterization. Molecules 2024; 29:1041. [PMID: 38474551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are well known for their biological properties, making them useful for the treatment of various diseases. However, because of their poor stability and high volatility, their potential cannot be fully exploited. The use of nanoformulations to deliver essential oils can solve these critical issues and amplify their biological activities. We characterized an essential oil from Satureja thymbra via GC-MS and HPLC-DAD to provide qualitative and quantitative data. The essential oil was formulated in phospholipid vesicles which were characterized for size, surface charge, and storage stability. The entrapment efficiency was evaluated as the quantification of the major monoterpenoid phenols via HPLC-DAD. The morphological characterization of the vesicles was carried out via cryo-TEM and SAXS analyses. The essential oil's antioxidant potential was assayed via two colorimetric tests (DPPH• and FRAP) and its cytocompatibility was evaluated in HaCaT skin cell cultures. The results showed that the nanoformulations developed for the loading of S. thymbra essential oil were below 100 nm in size, predominantly unilamellar, stable in storage, and had high entrapment efficiencies. The vesicles also displayed antioxidant properties and high cytocompatibility. These promising findings pave the way for further investigation of the therapeutic potential of S. thymbra nanoformulations upon skin application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pani
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Carla Caddeo
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Cinzia Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Pintus
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Sonia Floris
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Ramon Pons
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurélien Dupont
- Biosit-UMS 3480, US_S 018, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Carlo Ignazio Giovanni Tuberoso
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
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Zhou D, Li M, Li Q, Geng F, Li S, Wu D. Enhancement of liposomal properties of thyme essential oil using lysozyme modification: Physicochemical, storage, and antibacterial properties. Food Chem X 2023; 20:101057. [PMID: 38144765 PMCID: PMC10740034 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyme essential oil (TEO) is a natural food antimicrobial agent derived of spice, but suffers from volatility and poor water solubility, which problem can be effectively solved by the encapsulation of liposomes. On this basis, a safe and common natural antibacterial protein, LYZ was used to modify the TEO liposomes (TEO-lips) for gaining better properties. 2.5 mg/mL TEO and 0.05 % LYZ/S100 mass ratio were the best formula for the preparation of LYZ-TEO-lips. After LYZ modification, the particle size and PDI increased, and the zeta potential decreased slightly. The modification of LYZ not only improves the thermal stability of TEO-Lips, weakens the influence of acid and salt ions on liposomes, but also improves the antibacterial properties of TEO-Lips. In brief, LYZ has the potential to improve the overall properties of liposomes and can provide a reference for the development of antimicrobial liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Zhou
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Mohan Li
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Qinhong Li
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Shugang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Di Wu
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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Zhou C, Li C, Cui H, Lin L. Metabolomics insights into the potential of encapsulated essential oils as multifunctional food additives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5143-5160. [PMID: 36454059 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2151974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Growing consumer concern about foodborne disease outbreaks and health risks associated with chemical additives has propelled the usage of essential oils (EOs) as novel food additives, but are limited by instability. In this regard, a series of EOs nano/micro-capsules have been widely used to enhance their stability and improve food quality. However, classical food quality assessment methods are insufficient to fully characterize the effects of encapsulated EOs on food properties, including physical, biochemical, organoleptic, and microbial changes. Recently, the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing is accelerating the application of metabolomics in food safety and quality analysis. This review seeks to present the most recent achievements in the application of non-targeted metabolomics to identify and quantify the overall metabolite profile associated with food quality, which can guide the development of emerging food preservation technologies. The scientific findings confirm that metabolomics opens up exciting prospects for biomarker screening in food preservation and contributes to an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of action (MoA) of EOs. Future research should focus on constructing food quality assessment criteria based on multi-omics technologies, which will drive the standardization and commercialization of EOs for food industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqian Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Changzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Haiying Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
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Xu Y, Chen L, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Cao J, Jiang W. Antimicrobial and controlled release properties of nanocomposite film containing thymol and carvacrol loaded UiO-66-NH2 for active food packaging. Food Chem 2022; 404:134427. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Pomace-Cassava as Antioxidant Bio-Based Coating Polymers for Cheeses. POLYSACCHARIDES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides3020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable-based materials, rich in phenolic pigments, and especially anthocyanins, have attracted attention as promising sources for bio-based antioxidant coating polymers, being a non-toxic, natural, ecofriendly, and green label solution to lower oxidation degradation in oil-water emulsion food, such as cheeses. However, could their pomaces also be used in such materials? This work has investigated the use of jabuticaba peels and red cabbage stir pomace extracts as antioxidant additives for cheese coating polymers. The antioxidant capacity of the jabuticaba-red cabbage pomace cassava-based polymer was evaluated in vitro (total phenolic, total anthocyanin content and DPPH scavenging %) and in vivo (by coating Minas Frescal cheeses and monitoring their peroxide index increase during a 9-day shelf life, at 10 °C). An in vitro characterization has indicated a high antioxidant capacity for both pomace extracts, with a higher capacity observed for the jabuticaba peels. In vivo investigations indicated that the pomace-starch coatings have protected cheeses up to 8.5 times against oxidation when compared to the control, with a synergistic protector effect among pomaces. Physical–chemical characterizations (pH, acidity, total solids, ash, total protein, fat content and syneresis) have indicated no coating interference on the cheese’s development.
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Formulation and In Vitro Efficacy Assessment of Teucrium marum Extract Loading Hyalurosomes Enriched with Tween 80 and Glycerol. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071096. [PMID: 35407213 PMCID: PMC9000414 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The extract of Teucrium marum L. (Lamiaceae) was obtained using the aerial parts of the plant, by means of a maceration process. Verbascoside, caffeic acids derivatives and flavonols were the main components contained in the extract as detected using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC–DAD) as an analytical method. The extract was successfully incorporated into hyalurosomes, which were further enriched by adding a water cosolvent (glycerol) and a surfactant (Tween 80), thus obtaining glycerohyalurosomes. Liposomes, transfersomes and glycerosomes were prepared as well and used as comparisons. All vesicles were small, as the mean diameter was never higher than ~115 nm, thus ideal for topical application and stable on storage, probably thanks to the highly negative surface charge of the vesicles (~−33 mV). The cryo-TEM images confirmed the formation of close-packed, oligolamellar and multicompartment hyalurosomes and glycerohyalurosomes in which around 95% of the used extract was retained, confirming their ability to simultaneously load a wide range of molecules having different chemical natures. Moreover, the extract, when loaded in hyalurosomes and glycerohyalurosomes was able to counteract the damages induced in the fibroblasts by hydrogen peroxide to a better extent (viability~110%) than that loaded in the other vesicles (viability~100%), and effectively promoted their proliferation and migration ensuring the healing of the wound performed in a cell monolayer (scratch assay) during 48 h of experiment. Overall in vitro results confirmed the potential of glycerohyalurosomes as delivery systems for T. marum extract for the treatment of skin lesions connected with oxidative stress.
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