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Huang L, Cai Y, Zhao Q, Zhao D, Hu Y, Zhao M, Van der Meeren P. Effects of physical method and enzymatic hydrolysis on the properties of soybean fiber-rich stabilizer for oil in water emulsions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3080-3089. [PMID: 38063380 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Okara is a by-product from the soybean industry and an abundant resource of insoluble soybean fiber (ISF). ISF with various properties could be obtained by different extraction methods. It is an attractive option to utilize okara by taking advantage of ISF as an emulsifier or stabilizer. RESULTS Compared with the untreated ISF (ISFUT ), superfine grinding reduced the particle size and viscosity of ISF (ISFSG ). Steam explosion increased the water solubility from 17.5% to 51.7% but decreased the water holding capacity and swelling capacity of ISF (ISFSE ) from 15.0 and 14.0 g/g to 4.2 and 3.3 g/g, respectively. Emulsions prepared by ISFUT and ISFSG before or after enzymatic hydrolysis presented large oil droplets and were unstable. Although emulsions prepared by ISFSE after enzymatic hydrolysis (ISFSE-E ) showed flocculation, the volume-weighted average diameter (19.7 μm) were the smallest while the viscosity and viscoelastic modulus were the highest, and exhibited excellent physical stability during storage. CONCLUSION ISF obtained by physical and hydrolysis treatment displayed diverging physicochemical properties while ISF prepared by steam explosion-enzymatic hydrolysis presented the best potential to stabilize emulsions. The present study could provide novel information about the utilization of okara by the application of ISF as an emulsifier or stabilizer. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Cai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiangzhong Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongrui Zhao
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Hu
- Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Paul Van der Meeren
- Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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2
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Song G, Zhou L, Zhao L, Wang D, Yuan T, Li L, Gong J. Analysis of non-covalent interaction between β-lactoglobulin and hyaluronic acid under ultrasound-assisted treatment: Conformational structures and interfacial properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128529. [PMID: 38042327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) used as a food ingredient is gaining acceptance and popularity. However, the studies available for the effect of HA concentrations on the properties of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) were limited. In this study, we investigated that the molecular characterization and functional properties of the complex formed by the non-covalent binding of β-LG and HA, as well as the ultrasound-assisted treatment at acidic pH. The optimal pH and ratio of β-LG/HA were set as 7 and 4:1, respectively. The fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and molecular docking results revealed that the addition of HA and ultrasound induced a decrease in random coil and α-helix and an increase in β-sheet contents in β-LG. By the complexation with HA, the thermal stability, freezing stability, and antioxidant properties of β-LG were all improved under ultrasound treatment. The results of the present study can be useful for the modulation of HA based biopolymer complexes and the exploitation as encapsulating or structuring agents in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongshuai Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Like Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Danli Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Tinglan Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Ling Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Jinyan Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China.
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3
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Synergistic effect of microfluidization and transglutaminase cross-linking on the structural and oil-water interface functional properties of whey protein concentrate for improving the thermal stability of nanoemulsions. Food Chem 2023; 408:135147. [PMID: 36527918 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Generally, whey protein concentrate (WPC) undergoes high-temperature denaturation and aggregation, which reduces its emulsifying properties and is not conducive to as an emulsifier to maintain the thermal stability of emulsions. In this study, dynamic high-pressure microfluidization technology (DHPM) combined with TGase (TG) cross-linking was applied to prepare DHPM-TG-WPC, and the thermal stabilization mechanism of nanoemulsions prepared with DHPM-TG-WPC was explored. Results showed DHPM treatment could promote the formation of TG-crosslinked WPC polymers. Compared to WPC, the free sulfhydryl and free amino group content of DHPM-TG-WPC was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the surface hydrophobicity and interfacial tension of DHPM-TG-WPC were increased by 45.23 % and 62.34 %, respectively. And its emulsifying stability index and interface protein adsorption was significantly enhanced (P < 0.05). Furthermore, compared to WPC, DHPM-WPC and TG-WPC, DHPM-TG-WPC-stabilized nanoemulsions showed the best 15 days of storage stability after thermal sterilization. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of modified-WPC emulsion.
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4
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Gantumur MA, Sukhbaatar N, Shi R, Hu J, Bilawal A, Qayum A, Tian B, Jiang Z, Hou J. Structural, functional, and physicochemical characterization of fermented whey protein concentrates recovered from various fermented-distilled whey. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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Wang N, Zhao X, Jiang Y, Ban Q, Wang X. Enhancing the stability of oil-in-water emulsions by non-covalent interaction between whey protein isolate and hyaluronic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1085-1095. [PMID: 36414080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of non-covalent interactions between different concentrations (0.1-1.2 %, w/v) of hyaluronic acid (HA) and 3 % (w/v) whey protein isolate (WPI) on the stability of oil-in-water emulsions. Non-covalent interactions between WPI and HA were detected using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The addition of HA increased the electrostatic repulsion between molecules and reduced the particle size of WPI. Circular dichroism spectroscopy results indicated that the addition of HA caused an increase in β-sheet content and a decrease in α-helix and random coil content in WPI. Moreover, HA increased the emulsion viscosity and strength of the interfacial network structure. Micrographs obtained using confocal laser scanning microscopy indicated that the emulsion with 0.8 % (w/v) HA exhibited good dispersion and homogeneity after storage for 14 d. Complexation with HA significantly altered the rheological and emulsifying properties of WPI, providing an emulsion with excellent stability under heating treatment, freeze-thawing treatment and centrifugation. The results provide a potential for HA application in emulsified foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningzhe Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- College of Equipment Management and Support, Engineering University of People's Armed Police, Xi'an 710086, China
| | - Yunqing Jiang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qingfeng Ban
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xibo Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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6
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Gong P, Huang Z, Guo Y, Wang X, Yue S, Yang W, Chen F, Chang X, Chen L. The effect of superfine grinding on physicochemical properties of three kinds of mushroom powder. J Food Sci 2022; 87:3528-3541. [PMID: 35789091 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of superfine grinding on apparent structure, physicochemical properties, and functional characteristics of three kinds of mushroom (Lentinus edodes, Hericium erinaceus, and Cordyceps militaris) powders were investigated. Coarse and 100-mesh powders of the mushrooms were prepared by common grinding, while a superfine powder was obtained by superfine grinding. By comparing the mushrooms before and after grinding, it was found that the mushroom fines did not produce new chemical groups but increased crystallinity. The results of the physicochemical properties revealed that the fines became less fluid after grinding. The protein content and solubility increased as the particle size decreased. The water and oil holding capacity, glucose binding capacity, cation exchange capacity, and antioxidant activity of the mushroom fines increased after grinding. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development process of edible mushroom food, as well as new ideas for the development of edible mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihan Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Yue
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangna Chang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Shaanxi Guoren Fungi Science and Technology Industrial Park Co. Ltd, Baoji, China
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7
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Li M, Liu Y, Zhao J, Yu R, Altaf Hussain M, Qayum A, Jiang Z, Qu B. Glycosylated whey protein isolate enhances digestion behaviors and stabilities of conjugated linoleic acid oil in water emulsions. Food Chem 2022; 383:132402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Liu B, Jin F, Li Y, Wang H, Chi Y, Tian B, Feng Z. Pasteurization of egg white by integrating ultrasound and microwave: Effect on structure and functional properties. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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9
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Jiang Z, Mu S, Ma C, Liu Y, Ma Y, Zhang M, Li H, Liu X, Hou J, Tian B. Consequences of ball milling combined with high-pressure homogenization on structure, physicochemical and rheological properties of citrus fiber. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Combination of microwave heating and transglutaminase cross-linking enhances the stability of limonene emulsion carried by whey protein isolate. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Yu Z, Hu J, Gao S, Han R, Ma L, Chen Y. Joint effects of enzymatic and high-intensity ultrasonic on the emulsifying propertiesof egg yolk. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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Zhou X, Wang M, Zhang L, Liu Z, Su C, Wu M, Wei X, Jiang L, Hou J, Jiang Z. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) reduces the hardening of fructose-containing and maltitol-containing high-protein nutrition bars during storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Li J, Liu Y, Li T, Gantumur MA, Qayum A, Bilawal A, Jiang Z, Wang L. Non-covalent interaction and digestive characteristics between α-lactalbumin and safflower yellow: Impacts of microwave heating temperature. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Zhou X, Zhao J, Zhao X, Sun R, Sun C, Hou D, Zhang X, Jiang L, Hou J, Jiang Z. Oil bodies extracted from high-oil soybeans ( Glycine max) exhibited higher oxidative and physical stability than oil bodies from high-protein soybeans. Food Funct 2022; 13:3271-3282. [PMID: 35237775 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03934b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Reports concerning the characteristics of soybean oil bodies (SOBs) isolated from high protein genotypes and high oil genotypes of soybeans available in the literature are insufficient and limiting. In this study, fatty acid compositions, total phenol and tocopherol contents, antioxidant capacity, and physicochemical stability of SOB emulsions recovered from three high-protein and three high-oil genotype soybeans were comparatively investigated. Principal component analysis showed that all six SOB samples could be easily discriminated based on the cultivar characteristics. Overall, the SOBs derived from the high-protein soybeans exhibited higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents, while the SOBs derived from the high-oil soybeans had higher extraction yields and tocopherol contents; the tocopherol content was also positively correlated with the antioxidant capacity of the lipophilic fraction, but the difference in the total phenolic content between the two genotypes was not significant. The SOBs derived from the high-protein soybeans were more easily oxidized during storage, with 1.38- and 4-fold higher accumulation rates of lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), respectively, in the high-protein-derived SOBs than in the high-oil-derived SOBs. In addition, the SOBs from the high-protein soybeans exhibited pronounced coalescence during storage, which was corroborated by focused confocal microscopy. These results confirmed that SOBs obtained from high-oil soybean genotypes are more suitable to manufacture OB-based products due to their superior physicochemical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Jiale Zhao
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Xu Zhao
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Rongbo Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Chuanqiang Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Dongdong Hou
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Lianzhou Jiang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Juncai Hou
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Zhanmei Jiang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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15
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Shi R, Liu Y, Ma Y, Zhao P, Jiang Z, Hou J. pH-Dependent Binding Behavior of the α-Lactalbumin/Glycyrrhizic Acid Complex in Relation to Their Foaming Characteristics in Bulk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3252-3262. [PMID: 35174703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to understand the relationships of the interaction mechanism and foaming characteristics of α-lactalbumin (α-La) and glycyrrhizic acid (GA) after acidic (pH 2.5) and neutral (pH 7.0) treatment. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of GA in the presence of α-La was 0.6 mM at pH 7.0, while it was 1.0 mM at pH 2.5. Also, in the presence of a GA concentration of 0-15.00 mM, more GA molecules combined onto the α-La surface at pH 2.5 than at pH 7.0, as evident from the binding isotherms. The turbidity and particle size of α-La/GA were greater in acidic solution than those under neutral conditions. This result could be interpreted by the formation of aggregates under higher GA concentration at pH 2.5. Meanwhile, the viscosity of the complex was higher at pH 2.5 than at pH 7.0 in the presence of 3.00-15.00 mM GA, as analyzed from the rheological properties. The foaming ability (FA) of α-La was significantly enhanced in the presence of 10.00 mM GA. Simultaneously, acidic solution could generate a more stable foaming system with a thicker film layer stabilized by the complex compared with neutral solution. These findings could be beneficial for developing a kind of acidic food-grade foaming agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Zhanmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Juncai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
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Biological activities and in vitro digestion characteristics of glycosylated α-lactalbumin prepared by microwave heating: Impacts of ultrasonication. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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17
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Zhang W, Zhao P, Li J, Wang X, Hou J, Jiang Z. Effects of ultrasound synergized with microwave on structure and functional properties of transglutaminase-crosslinked whey protein isolate. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 83:105935. [PMID: 35114555 PMCID: PMC8818559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, ultrasound (400 W, U), microwave heating (75 ℃ for 15 min, M) and ultrasound synergized with microwave heating (UM) pretreatments of whey protein isolate (WPI) were applied to investigate and compare their influence on structure, physicochemical and functional characteristic of transglutaminase (TGase)-induced WPI. From the results of size exclusion chromatography, it could be seen that all three physical pretreatments could promote the formation of polymers in TGase cross-linked WPI, whose polymer amounts were increased by the order of U, UM and M pretreatment. Among three physical methods, M pretreatment had the strongest effect on structure and functional characteristics of TGase-induced WPI. Furthermore, compared with TGase-induced WPI, α-helix and β-turn of M-treated TGase-induced WPI (M-WPI-TGase) were reduced by 7.86% and 2.93%, whereas its β-sheet and irregular curl were increased by 15.37% and 7.23%. Zeta potential, emulsion stability and foaming stability of M-WPI-TGase were increased by 7.8%, 59.27% and 28.95%, respectively. This experiment exhibited that M was a more effective pretreatment method than U, UM for WPI, which could promote its reaction with TGase and improve its functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (Northeast Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (Northeast Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jinzhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (Northeast Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xindi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (Northeast Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Juncai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (Northeast Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Zhanmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (Northeast Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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