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Kataba A, Botha TL, Nakayama SMM, Yohannes YB, Ikenaka Y, Wepener V, Ishizuka M. Environmentally relevant lead (Pb) water concentration induce toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 252:109215. [PMID: 34673251 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Early developmental stages of aquatic organisms including fish are inherently vulnerable to lead (Pb) and other water metal contaminants. However, reports on the deleterious effects of environmentally relevant Pb levels are limited. To this end, we exposed 2.5 h post fertilization (hpf) old zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to a range of Pb concentrations encompassing environmentally relevant levels (1, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μg/L Pb) until 96 hpf. Exposure negatively impacted the development and survival of zebrafish embryos by inducing embryo coagulation related mortalities in a concentration-dependent manner. At 24 hpf, the highest level of exposure (100 μg/L Pb) had impaired embryo activity characterized by reduced burst activity and the number of movements per minute made by embryos. At 72 hpf, newly hatched larvae exhibited adverse cardiovascular effects (100 μg/L Pb group) and neuromuscular effects (50 and 100 μg/L Pb groups). The antioxidant system dysregulation evidenced by downregulation of catalase, and upregulation of mRNA expression of glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome oxidase subunit I were observed. The pro-apoptotic tumour protein P53 (TP53) and the anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma -2 (Bcl-2) mRNA expression levels were also affected. The former was downregulated across exposed groups and the latter was upregulated and downregulated in the groups with Pb concentrations less than 50 μg/L Pb and downregulated in 50 μg/L Pb, respectively. These findings suggest that Pb within environmentally relevant levels may be deleterious to developing zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kataba
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Tarryn L Botha
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, P/Bag X6, Roodepoort 1709, South Africa
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yared B Yohannes
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, University of Gondar, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Victor Wepener
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.
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Wang M, Xu P, Liao L, Gao L, Amakye WK, Zhang Y, Yao M, Ren J. Haematococcus Pluvialis Extends Yeast Lifespan and Improves Slc25a46 Gene Knockout-Associated Mice Phenotypic Defects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100086. [PMID: 34672083 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Aging has become one of major concern worldwide. It is therefore of great significance in finding food resources as therapeutic candidates for aging-related functional decline improvement and prevention. This study aimed to define the potency of Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) as an anti-aging food resource. METHODS AND RESULTS Yeast is used to explore the anti-aging effects of H. pluvialis. The result showed that H. pluvialis extract could effectively extend yeast chronological lifespan (CLS) by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, promoting mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels and accumulating storage carbohydrate (glycogen). Subsequently, Slc25a46 knockout (Slc25a46-/- ) mice with mitochondrial dysfunction are fed with 100 mg kg-1 H. pluvialis extracts for 10 days. The in vivo data demonstrated that H. pluvialis extract could effectively improve the phenotypic deficits, including underweight, muscle weakness, redox imbalance, and mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction, etc., in Slc25a46-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS This work highlights that the mitochondria may be a potential therapeutic target for combating aging, and demonstrated that H. pluvialis, as a dietary supplement, may potentially be an effective preventive substance that may contribute to the promotion of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Piao Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Linfeng Liao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Li Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - William Kwame Amakye
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Maojin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
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Gao L, Wang M, Liao L, Gou N, Xu P, Ren Z, Yao M, Yuan E, Yang X, Ren J. A Slc25a46 Mouse Model Simulating Age-Associated Motor Deficit, Redox Imbalance, and Mitochondria Dysfunction. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:440-447. [PMID: 33277645 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial theory of aging postulates that accumulation of mtDNA mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction are responsible for producing aging phenotypes. To more comprehensively explore the complex relationship between aging and mitochondria dysfunction, we have developed a mouse model with Slc25a46 knockout, a nuclear gene described as encoding mitochondrial carriers, by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to mimic some typical aging phenotypes in human. Slc25a46-/- mice present segmental premature aging phenotypes characterized by shortened life span of no more than 2 months, obviously defective motor ability, gastrocnemius muscle atrophy, and imbalance of redox level in brain and liver. The underlying mechanism for multiple organ disorder may attribute to mitochondrial dysfunction, which is mainly manifested in the damaged mitochondrial structure (eg, vacuolar structure, irregular swelling, and disorganized cristae) and an age-associated decrease in respiratory chain enzyme (mainly complex I and IV) activity. In summary, our study suggests that the Slc25a46-/- mouse is a valid animal model for segmental aging-related pathologies studies based on mitochondrial theory, generating a new platform to both understand mechanisms between aging and mitochondria dysfunction as well as to design mitochondria-based therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial quality, and thereby the overall healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linfeng Liao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Gou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Piao Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyu Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Maojin Yao
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Erdong Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinquan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Yang L, Dong L, Zhang L, Bai J, Chen F, Luo Y. Acrylamide Induces Abnormal mtDNA Expression by Causing Mitochondrial ROS Accumulation, Biogenesis, and Dynamics Disorders. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7765-7776. [PMID: 34191505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide, a well-documented neurotoxicant, is commonly found as a byproduct of the Maillard reaction in carbohydrate-rich foods. Numerous studies have indicated that acrylamide-induced apoptosis accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to its neurotoxicity. However, the mechanisms of how acrylamide causes mitochondrial impairment is not well understood. In this study, we observed destroyed redox balance, accumulated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), damaged mitochondrial structures, and activated apoptosis in astrocytes following acrylamide treatment. Furthermore, acrylamide decreased the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis- and dynamics-related genes, including PGC-1α, TFAM, Mfn2, and Opa1, and altered the expression of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, along with the inhibited mitochondrial respiration. Pretreatment with a mitochondrial ROS scavenger mitoquinone dramatically restored the expressions of PGC-1α, TFAM, Mfn2, and Opa1; protected the mitochondrial structure; and decreased acrylamide-induced apoptosis. Further in vivo experiments confirmed that acrylamide decreased the expressions of PGC-1α, TFAM, Mfn2, and Opa1 in rat brain tissues. These results revealed that acrylamide triggered the mitochondrial ROS accumulation to interfere with mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, causing mtDNA damage and finally resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li Dong
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lujia Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jie Bai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yinghua Luo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Zhang M, Zhang D, Ren J, Pu S, Wu H, Ma Z. Target verification of allyl isothiocyanate on the core subunits of cytochrome c oxidase in Sitophilus zeamais by RNAi. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1292-1302. [PMID: 33063911 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a volatile organic compound with a potent insecticidal activity to the stored-grain pest Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, which severely damages grain storage and container transport worldwide. Our previous study showed that mitochondrial complex IV was the primary target of AITC in adult Sitophilus zeamais. To further verify the targets of AITC, we employed RNA interference (RNAi) by using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to knockdown three core subunits of cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-I, -II and -III in 18-day-old larvae prior to their exposure to AITC to detect susceptibility changes. RESULTS The susceptibility of dsRNACOX-I and -II injection treatments to AITC significantly increased at 72 h while the mortality reached up to 85.56% and 67.78%, respectively, and dsRNACOX-I and dsRNACOX-II injection showed the same subcellular structural characteristics showing vacuolization and vague mitochondrial cristae and decrease of COX activity during AITC fumigation treatment, suggesting the potential of COX-I and COX-II as the targets of AITC. High mortality reached up to 75.55%, 71.88% and 82.22%, respectively, and the phenotype of larvae turning from milky white to dark brown in the thorax and death eventually was confirmed after dsRNACOX-I, -II and -III injection. CONCLUSION COX-I and -II were elucidated as the potential targets of AITC and dsRNACOX-I, -II and -III have the potential to be developed into nucleic acid pesticides for their robust lethal effects and are worth pursuing for improving AITC fumigation activity in Sitophilus zeamais control. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shi Pu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hua Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Cytochrome c Oxidase at Full Thrust: Regulation and Biological Consequences to Flying Insects. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020470. [PMID: 33671793 PMCID: PMC7931083 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Flight dispersal represents a key aspect of the evolutionary and ecological success of insects, allowing escape from predators, mating, and colonization of new niches. The huge energy demand posed by flight activity is essentially met by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in flight muscle mitochondria. In insects, mitochondrial ATP supply and oxidant production are regulated by several factors, including the energy demand exerted by changes in adenylate balance. Indeed, adenylate directly regulates OXPHOS by targeting both chemiosmotic ATP production and the activities of specific mitochondrial enzymes. In several organisms, cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is regulated at transcriptional, post-translational, and allosteric levels, impacting mitochondrial energy metabolism, and redox balance. This review will present the concepts on how COX function contributes to flying insect biology, focusing on the existing examples in the literature where its structure and activity are regulated not only by physiological and environmental factors but also how changes in its activity impacts insect biology. We also performed in silico sequence analyses and determined the structure models of three COX subunits (IV, VIa, and VIc) from different insect species to compare with mammalian orthologs. We observed that the sequences and structure models of COXIV, COXVIa, and COXVIc were quite similar to their mammalian counterparts. Remarkably, specific substitutions to phosphomimetic amino acids at critical phosphorylation sites emerge as hallmarks on insect COX sequences, suggesting a new regulatory mechanism of COX activity. Therefore, by providing a physiological and bioenergetic framework of COX regulation in such metabolically extreme models, we hope to expand the knowledge of this critical enzyme complex and the potential consequences for insect dispersal.
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Erwin AA, Blumenstiel JP. Aging in the Drosophila ovary: contrasting changes in the expression of the piRNA machinery and mitochondria but no global release of transposable elements. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:305. [PMID: 31014230 PMCID: PMC6480902 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evolutionary theory indicates that the dynamics of aging in the soma and reproductive tissues may be distinct. This difference arises from the fact that only the germline lineage establishes future generations. In the soma, changes in the landscape of heterochromatin have been proposed to have an important role in aging. This is because redistribution of heterochromatin during aging has been linked to the derepression of transposable elements and an overall loss of somatic gene regulation. A role for changes in the chromatin landscape in the aging of reproductive tissues is less well established. Whether or not epigenetic factors, such as heterochromatin marks, are perturbed in aging reproductive tissues is of interest because, in special cases, epigenetic variation may be heritable. Using mRNA sequencing data from late-stage egg chambers in Drosophila melanogaster, we characterized the landscape of altered gene and transposable element expression in aged reproductive tissues. This allowed us to test the hypothesis that reproductive tissues may differ from somatic tissues in their response to aging. Results We show that age-related expression changes in late-stage egg chambers tend to occur in genes residing in heterochromatin, particularly on the largely heterochromatic 4th chromosome. However, these expression differences are seen as both decreases and increases during aging, inconsistent with a general loss of heterochromatic silencing. We also identify an increase in expression of the piRNA machinery, suggesting an age-related increased investment in the maintenance of genome stability. We further identify a strong age-related reduction in the expression of mitochondrial transcripts. However, we find no evidence for global TE derepression in reproductive tissues. Rather, the observed effects of aging on TEs are primarily strain and family specific. Conclusions These results identify unique responses in somatic versus reproductive tissue with regards to aging. As in somatic tissues, female reproductive tissues show reduced expression of mitochondrial genes. In contrast, the piRNA machinery shows increased expression during aging. Overall, these results also indicate that global loss of TE control observed in other studies may be unique to the soma and sensitive to genetic background and TE family. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5668-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A Erwin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
| | - Justin P Blumenstiel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
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Liu X, Liu M, Tang C, Xiang Z, Li Q, Ruan X, Xiong K, Zheng L. Overexpression of Nmnat improves the adaption of health span in aging Drosophila. Exp Gerontol 2018; 108:276-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Feldmeyer B, Mazur J, Beros S, Lerp H, Binder H, Foitzik S. Gene expression patterns underlying parasite-induced alterations in host behaviour and life history. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:648-60. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Feldmeyer
- Evolutionary Biology; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6 55128 Mainz Germany
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre; Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung; Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Johanna Mazur
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI); University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Obere Zahlbacher Str. 69 55131 Mainz Germany
| | - Sara Beros
- Evolutionary Biology; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Hannes Lerp
- Evolutionary Biology; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6 55128 Mainz Germany
- Natural History Collections; Museum Wiesbaden; Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 2 65185 Wiesbaden Germany
| | - Harald Binder
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI); University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Obere Zahlbacher Str. 69 55131 Mainz Germany
| | - Susanne Foitzik
- Evolutionary Biology; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6 55128 Mainz Germany
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Nmdmc overexpression extends Drosophila lifespan and reduces levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:845-50. [PMID: 26319556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
NAD-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase (NMDMC) is a bifunctional enzyme involved in folate-dependent metabolism and highly expressed in rapidly proliferating cells. However, Nmdmc physiological roles remain unveiled. We found that ubiquitous Nmdmc overexpression enhanced Drosophila lifespan and stress resistance. Interestingly, Nmdmc overexpression in the fat body was sufficient to increase lifespan and tolerance against oxidative stress. In addition, these conditions coincided with significant decreases in the levels of mitochondrial ROS and Hsp22 as well as with a significant increase in the copy number of mitochondrial DNA. These results suggest that Nmdmc overexpression should be beneficial for mitochondrial homeostasis and increasing lifespan.
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Xanthoceraside ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction contributing to the improvement of learning and memory impairment in mice with intracerebroventricular injection of aβ1-42. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:969342. [PMID: 24976855 PMCID: PMC4058193 DOI: 10.1155/2014/969342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of xanthoceraside on learning and memory impairment were investigated and the possible mechanism associated with the protection of mitochondria was also preliminarily explored in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice model induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Aβ1-42. The results indicated that xanthoceraside (0.08–0.32 mg/kg) significantly improved learning and memory impairment in Morris water maze test and Y-maze test. Xanthoceraside significantly reversed the aberrant decrease of ATP levels and attenuated the abnormal increase of ROS levels both in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in mice injected with Aβ1-42. Moreover, xanthoceraside dose dependently reversed the decrease of COX, PDHC, and KGDHC activity in isolated cerebral cortex mitochondria of the mice compared with Aβ1-42 injected model mice. In conclusion, xanthoceraside could improve learning and memory impairment, promote the function of mitochondria, decrease the production of ROS, and inhibit oxidative stress. The improvement effects on mitochondria may be through withstanding the damage of Aβ to mitochondrial respiratory chain and the key enzymes in Kreb's cycle. Therefore, the results from present study and previous study indicate that xanthoceraside could be a competitive candidate for the treatment of AD.
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12
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Almontashiri NAM, Chen HH, Mailloux RJ, Tatsuta T, Teng ACT, Mahmoud AB, Ho T, Stewart NAS, Rippstein P, Harper ME, Roberts R, Willenborg C, Erdmann J, Pastore A, McBride HM, Langer T, Stewart AFR. SPG7 variant escapes phosphorylation-regulated processing by AFG3L2, elevates mitochondrial ROS, and is associated with multiple clinical phenotypes. Cell Rep 2014; 7:834-47. [PMID: 24767997 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) affects many processes in health and disease. SPG7 assembles with AFG3L2 into the mAAA protease at the inner membrane of mitochondria, degrades damaged proteins, and regulates the synthesis of mitochondrial ribosomes. SPG7 is cleaved and activated by AFG3L2 upon assembly. A variant in SPG7 that replaces arginine 688 with glutamine (Q688) is associated with several phenotypes, including toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and (as reported here) coronary artery disease. We demonstrate that SPG7 processing is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation of AFG3L2. Carriers of Q688 bypass this regulation and constitutively process and activate SPG7 mAAA protease. Cells expressing Q688 produce higher ATP levels and ROS, promoting cell proliferation. Our results thus reveal an unexpected link between the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of the mitochondria mAAA protease affecting ROS production and several clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif A M Almontashiri
- Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almedinah, P.O. Box 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hsiao-Huei Chen
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Takashi Tatsuta
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - Allen C T Teng
- Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ahmad B Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Tiffany Ho
- Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y, Canada
| | - Nicolas A S Stewart
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Peter Rippstein
- Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y, Canada
| | - Mary Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Robert Roberts
- Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Annalisa Pastore
- National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | | | - Thomas Langer
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - Alexandre F R Stewart
- Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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13
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Klichko V, Sohal BH, Radyuk SN, Orr WC, Sohal RS. Decrease in cytochrome c oxidase reserve capacity diminishes robustness of Drosophila melanogaster and shortens lifespan. Biochem J 2014; 459:127-35. [PMID: 24444354 DOI: 10.1042/bj20131370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypic effects of under- and over-expression of CcO (cytochrome c oxidase) regulatory subunits IV and Vb were examined in Drosophila melanogaster in order to test further the hypothesis that suppression of the activities of mitochondrial ETC (electron-transport chain) oxidoreductases retards the aging process and extends lifespan. Underexpression of both CcO subunits, induced by RNAi, resulted in decreases in the respective mRNA and protein levels, CcO holoenzyme activity, rate of mitochondrial respiration, walking speed and the lifespan of fruitflies. Overexpression of CcO IV or Vb in young fruitflies increased the amount of mRNA, but had no effect on the protein level or CcO catalytic activity. On the other hand, in older fruitflies, overexpression of CcO Vb, but not CcO IV, elevated the mRNA and protein amounts as well as the CcO holoenzyme activity, thereby preventing the typical age-related decline in CcO activity. Nevertheless, lifespans of the fruitflies overexpressing CcO IV or Vb were neither extended nor shortened. Our results demonstrate that: (i) the suppression of CcO function exerts deleterious rather than benign effects on fitness and survival, and (ii) the structure/function of CcO, an ETC oxidoreductase, can be 're-engineered' in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Klichko
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, U.S.A
| | - Barbara H Sohal
- †Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, U.S.A
| | - Svetlana N Radyuk
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, U.S.A
| | - William C Orr
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, U.S.A
| | - Rajindar S Sohal
- †Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, U.S.A
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14
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Orr WC, Radyuk SN, Sohal RS. Involvement of redox state in the aging of Drosophila melanogaster. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:788-803. [PMID: 23458359 PMCID: PMC3749695 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The main objective of this review was to provide an exposition of investigations, conducted in Drosophila melanogaster, on the role of reactive oxygen species and redox state in the aging process. While early transgenic studies did not clearly support the validity of the oxidative stress hypothesis of aging, predicated on the accumulation of structural damage, they spawned a broader search for redox-related effects that might impact the aging process. RECENT ADVANCES Initial evidence implicating the thiol redox state as a possible causative factor in aging has been obtained in Drosophila. Overexpression of genes, such as GCL, G6PD, Prx2, and Prx5, which are involved in the maintenance of thiol redox homeostasis, has strong positive effects on longevity. Further, the depletion of peroxiredoxin activity in the mitochondria through the double knockdown of Prx5 and Prx3 not only results in a redox crisis but also elicits a rapid aging phenotype. CRITICAL ISSUES Herein, we summarize the present status of knowledge about the main components of the machinery controlling thiol redox homeostasis and describe how age-related redox fluctuations might impact aging more acutely through disruption of the redox-sensitive signaling mechanisms rather than via the simple accumulation of structural damage. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Based on these initial insights into the plausible impact of redox fluctuations on redox signaling, future studies should focus on the pathways that have been explicitly implicated in aging, such as insulin signaling, TOR, and JNK/FOXO, with particular attention to elements that are redox sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Orr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA.
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15
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Yuan Y, Jiang CY, Xu H, Sun Y, Hu FF, Bian JC, Liu XZ, Gu JH, Liu ZP. Cadmium-induced apoptosis in primary rat cerebral cortical neurons culture is mediated by a calcium signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64330. [PMID: 23741317 PMCID: PMC3669330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an extremely toxic metal, capable of severely damaging several organs, including the brain. Studies have shown that Cd disrupts intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) homeostasis, leading to apoptosis in a variety of cells including primary murine neurons. Calcium is a ubiquitous intracellular ion which acts as a signaling mediator in numerous cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival/death. However, little is known about the role of calcium signaling in Cd-induced apoptosis in neuronal cells. Thus we investigated the role of calcium signaling in Cd-induced apoptosis in primary rat cerebral cortical neurons. Consistent with known toxic properties of Cd, exposure of cerebral cortical neurons to Cd caused morphological changes indicative of apoptosis and cell death. It also induced elevation of [Ca2+]i and inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase activities. This Cd-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i was suppressed by an IP3R inhibitor, 2-APB, suggesting that ER-regulated Ca2+ is involved. In addition, we observed elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, dysfunction of cytochrome oxidase subunits (COX-I/II/III), depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) during Cd exposure. Z-VAD-fmk, a pan caspase inhibitor, partially prevented Cd-induced apoptosis and cell death. Interestingly, apoptosis, cell death and these cellular events induced by Cd were blocked by BAPTA-AM, a specific intracellular Ca2+ chelator. Furthermore, western blot analysis revealed an up-regulated expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulated expression of Bax. However, these were not blocked by BAPTA-AM. Thus Cd toxicity is in part due to its disruption of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, by compromising ATPases activities and ER-regulated Ca2+, and this elevation in Ca2+ triggers the activation of the Ca2+-mitochondria apoptotic signaling pathway. This study clarifies the signaling events underlying Cd neurotoxicity, and suggests that regulation of Cd-disrupted [Ca2+]i homeostasis may be a new strategy for prevention of Cd-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yang Zhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chen-yang Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yang Zhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yang Zhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ya Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yang Zhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fei-fei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yang Zhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jian-chun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yang Zhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xue-zhong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yang Zhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jian-hong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yang Zhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zong-ping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yang Zhou University, Yangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Wang L, Lin S, Li Z, Yang D, Wang Z. Protective effects of puerarin on experimental chronic lead nephrotoxicity in immature female rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 32:172-85. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327112462729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuqian Lin
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zifa Li
- Laboratory Animal Center of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dubao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Musatov A, Robinson NC. Susceptibility of mitochondrial electron-transport complexes to oxidative damage. Focus on cytochrome c oxidase. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:1313-26. [PMID: 22856385 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.717273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with a number of mitochondrial disorders. These include: ischemia/reperfusion injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and other age-related degenerative changes. ROS can be generated at numerous sites within the cell, but the mitochondrial electron transport chain is recognized as the major source of intracellular ROS. Two mitochondrial electron-transfer complexes are major sources of ROS: complex I and complex III. Oxidative damage to either of these complexes, or to electron transport complexes that are in close proximity to these ROS sources, e.g., cytochrome c oxidase, would be expected to inhibit electron transport. Such inhibition would lead to increased electron leakage and more ROS production, much like the well-known effect of adding electron transport inhibitors. Recent studies reveal that ROS and lipid peroxidation products are effective inhibitors of the electron-transport complexes. In some cases, inactivation of enzymes correlates with chemical modification of only a small number of unusually reactive amino acids. In this article, we review current knowledge of ROS-induced alterations within three complexes: (1) complex IV; (2) complex III; and (3) complex I. Our goal is to identify "hot spots" within each complex that are easily chemically modified and could be responsible for ROS-induced inhibition of the individual complexes. Special attention has been placed on ROS-induced damage to cardiolipin that is tightly bound to each of the inner membrane protein complexes. Peroxidation of the bound cardiolipin is thought to be particularly important since its close proximity and long residence time on the protein make it an especially effective reagent for subsequent ROS-induced damage to these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Musatov
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
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18
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Peng C, Zuo Y, Kwan KM, Liang Y, Ma KY, Chan HYE, Huang Y, Yu H, Chen ZY. Blueberry extract prolongs lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster. Exp Gerontol 2011; 47:170-8. [PMID: 22197903 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Blueberry possesses greater antioxidant capacity than most other fruits and vegetables. The present study investigated the lifespan-prolonging activity of blueberry extracts in fruit flies and explored its underlying mechanism. Results revealed that blueberry extracts at 5mg/ml in diet could significantly extend the mean lifespan of fruit flies by 10%, accompanied by up-regulating gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and Rpn11 and down-regulating Methuselah (MTH) gene. Intensive H(2)O(2) and Paraquat challenge tests showed that lifespan was only extended in Oregon-R wild type flies but not in SOD(n108) or Cat(n1) mutant strains. Chronic Paraquat exposure shortened the maximum survival time from 73 to 35days and decreased the climbing ability by 60% while blueberry extracts at 5mg/ml in diet could significantly increase the survival rate and partially restore the climbing ability with up-regulating SOD, CAT, and Rpn11. Furthermore, gustatory assay demonstrated that those changes were not due to the variation of food intake between the control and the experimental diet containing 5mg/ml blueberry extracts. It was therefore concluded that the lifespan-prolonging activity of blueberry extracts was at least partially associated with its interactions with MTH, Rpn11, and endogenous antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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19
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Amelina H, Sjödin MOD, Bergquist J, Cristobal S. Quantitative subproteomic analysis of age-related changes in mouse liver peroxisomes by iTRAQ LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3393-400. [PMID: 21963482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex multifactorial phenomenon, which is believed to result from the accumulation of cellular damage to biological macromolecules. Peroxisomes recently emerged as another important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in addition to mitochondria. However, the role of these organelles in the process of aging is still not clear. The aim of this study was to characterize the changes in protein expression profiles of young (10 weeks old) versus old (18 months old) mouse liver peroxisome-enriched fractions. We have applied shotgun proteomic approach based on liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) labeling that allows comparative quantitative multiplex analysis. Our analysis led to identification and quantification of 150 proteins, 8 out of which were differentially expressed between two age groups at a statistically significant level (p<0.05), with folds ranging from 1.2 to 4.1. These proteins involved in peroxisomal β-oxidation, detoxification of xenobiotics and production of ROS. Noteworthy, differences in liver proteome have been observed between as well as within different age groups. In conclusion, our subproteomic quantitative study suggests that mouse liver proteome is sufficiently maintained until certain age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Amelina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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20
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Age estimation using cytochrome c oxidase activity analysis. Forensic Sci Int 2011; 209:48-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Tranah GJ. Mitochondrial-nuclear epistasis: implications for human aging and longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2011; 10:238-52. [PMID: 20601194 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that mitochondria are involved in the aging process. Mitochondrial function requires the coordinated expression of hundreds of nuclear genes and a few dozen mitochondrial genes, many of which have been associated with either extended or shortened life span. Impaired mitochondrial function resulting from mtDNA and nuclear DNA variation is likely to contribute to an imbalance in cellular energy homeostasis, increased vulnerability to oxidative stress, and an increased rate of cellular senescence and aging. The complex genetic architecture of mitochondria suggests that there may be an equally complex set of gene interactions (epistases) involving genetic variation in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Results from Drosophila suggest that the effects of mtDNA haplotypes on longevity vary among different nuclear allelic backgrounds, which could account for the inconsistent associations that have been observed between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups and survival in humans. A diversity of pathways may influence the way mitochondria and nuclear-mitochondrial interactions modulate longevity, including: oxidative phosphorylation; mitochondrial uncoupling; antioxidant defenses; mitochondrial fission and fusion; and sirtuin regulation of mitochondrial genes. We hypothesize that aging and longevity, as complex traits having a significant genetic component, are likely to be controlled by nuclear gene variants interacting with both inherited and somatic mtDNA variability.
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22
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Maruszak A, Żekanowski C. Mitochondrial dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:320-30. [PMID: 20624441 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
To date, one of the most discussed hypotheses for Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiology implicates mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress as one of the primary events in the course of AD. In this review we focus on the role of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in AD and discuss the rationale for the involvement of mitochondrial abnormalities in AD pathology. We summarize the current data regarding the proteins involved in mitochondrial function and pathology observed in AD, and discuss the role of somatic mutations and mitochondrial haplogroups in AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Maruszak
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Str., 02-106 Warszawa, Poland.
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23
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Peng C, Chan HYE, Huang Y, Yu H, Chen ZY. Apple polyphenols extend the mean lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:2097-106. [PMID: 21319854 DOI: 10.1021/jf1046267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Apple polyphenols (AP) are an excellent source of dietary antioxidants. The present study investigated the effect of AP on the lifespan of fruit flies and their interaction with gene expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), methuselah (MTH), Rpn11, and cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) subunits III and VIb. Results showed the mean lifespan was significantly extended by 10% in fruit flies fed the AP diet. This was accompanied by up-regulation of genes SOD1, SOD2, and CAT and down-regulation of MTH in the aged fruit flies. Paraquat and H(2)O(2) challenge tests demonstrated that AP prolonged the survival time only for Oregon R wild type flies but not for SOD(n108) or Cat(n1) mutants, in which either SOD or CAT was knocked out. Chronic paraquat exposure could shorten the maximum lifespan from 68 to 31 days and reduce the climbing ability by 60%, whereas AP could partially reverse the paraquat-induced mortality and decline in climbing ability. AP could up-regulate Rpn11 at day 30, whereas it appeared to have no significant effect on gene expression of ubiquitinated protein, CcO subunits III and VIb. These AP-induced changes were unlikely associated with caloric restriction as the gustatory assay found no difference in average body weight and stomach redness index between the control and AP fruit flies. It was therefore concluded that the antiaging activity of AP was, at least in part, mediated by its interaction with genes SOD, CAT, MTH, and Rpn11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
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24
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Cellular Stress Responses, Mitostress and Carnitine Insufficiencies as Critical Determinants in Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Role of Hormesis and Vitagenes. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:1880-915. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Wang L, Li J, Li J, Liu Z. Effects of lead and/or cadmium on the oxidative damage of rat kidney cortex mitochondria. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 137:69-78. [PMID: 19902158 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lead acetate (300 mg/L) and/or cadmium chloride (50 mg/L) were administered as drinking water to Sprague-Dawley rats for 8 weeks to investigate the possible combined effects of these metals on the damage in renal cortex mitochondria. Increased malonaldehyde levels due to exposure to these metals were detected by colorimetric method, which demonstrated the lipid peroxidation in the renal cortex. Ultrastructural observations and real-time quantitative PCR analyses were performed on kidney cortex pieces to identify the mitochondrial damage and quantify the relative expression levels of cytochrome oxidase subunits (COX-I/II/III), respectively. The most striking ultrastructural modifications involved distortion of mitochondrial cristae and an unusual arrangement, which were more evident when the mixture was ingested. There were significant differences in the expression levels of COX-I, II, and III between the control group and the exposed groups, whereas those in the (lead+cadmium) group were all significantly lower than that in the lead or cadmium group. In conclusion, there was an obvious synergistic oxidative damage effect of lead combined with cadmium on rat kidney cortex mitochondria, which increased defects in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
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26
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Cytochrome c oxidase loses catalytic activity and structural integrity during the aging process in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 401:64-8. [PMID: 20833144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis, that structural deterioration of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is a causal factor in the age-related decline in mitochondrial respiratory activity and an increase in H₂O₂ generation, was tested in Drosophila melanogaster. CcO activity and the levels of seven different nuclear DNA-encoded CcO subunits were determined at three different stages of adult life, namely, young-, middle-, and old-age. CcO activity declined progressively with age by 33%. Western blot analysis, using antibodies specific to Drosophila CcO subunits IV, Va, Vb, VIb, VIc, VIIc, and VIII, indicated that the abundance these polypeptides decreased, ranging from 11% to 40%, during aging. These and previous results suggest that CcO is a specific intra-mitochondrial site of age-related deterioration, which may have a broad impact on mitochondrial physiology.
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27
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Zungu M, Young ME, Stanley WC, Essop MF. Chronic treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist Wy-14,643 attenuates myocardial respiratory capacity and contractile function. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 330:55-62. [PMID: 19360380 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether chronic in vivo treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist Wy-14,643 attenuates cardiac contractile function by impairing mitochondrial respiration. Wy-14,643 (25 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) was administered to Wistar rats by oral gavage for 14 consecutive days, after which ex vivo heart function, myocardial mitochondrial respiratory capacity, and metabolic gene expression were determined. Body and heart weights were not significantly altered following 14 days of Wy-14,643 administration. Heart perfusion studies showed significantly reduced systolic and developed pressures, while the rate pressure product declined by 36 +/- 2.6% (P < 0.01 vs. vehicle) after 14 days of Wy-14,643 treatment. State 3 mitochondrial respiration was lower in the Wy-14,643 group (P = 0.06 vs. vehicle). State 4 respiration and oligomycin-insensitive proton leak were significantly increased compared with matched controls. The rate of ADP phosphorylation was also decreased by 44.9 +/- 1.9% (P < 0.05 vs. vehicle). Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) transcript levels were upregulated, while cytochrome oxidase II (COXII) expression was decreased following Wy-14,643 treatment. This study demonstrates that chronic in vivo Wy-14,643 administration impaired cardiac contractile function in parallel with decreased mitochondrial respiratory function and increased uncoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makhosazane Zungu
- Hatter Heart Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
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